圈养肉食动物多种寄生虫混合感染调查及驱虫效果

本试验调查福州动物园10种24头(只)肉食动物寄生虫感染情况,运用麦克马斯特法获得寄生虫的种类,感染率和感染强度;利用驱虫前后感染强度对比获得驱虫效果。数据结果显示:(1)10种肉食动物中感染寄生虫6种,寄生虫总感染率为60%(6/10)。(2)6种动物共感染寄生虫14种,每种动物均混合感染。(3)感染强度以猞猁曼氏迭宫绦虫EPG为45710个/g最高,其次猞猁吸虫EPG为26740个/g,猞猁犬弓蛔虫EPG为450个/g。选取驱虫药进行驱虫效果观察结果显示:甲苯咪唑和丙硫苯咪唑线虫驱虫效果明显。     

宠物犬肠道寄生虫调查及其公共卫生意义分析

为了解宠物犬肠道寄生虫,尤其是人兽共患肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用甲醛-乙酸乙酯沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对郑州市宠物犬404份粪便样品进行了调查。结果共发现10种肠道寄生虫,寄生虫总感染率为37.12%,其中球虫和贾第虫为优势虫种,感染率分别为18.32%和12.62%;7种为人兽共患虫种,贾第虫、隐孢子虫、钩虫、弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫、粪类圆线虫和犬复孔绦虫感染率分别为12.62%、3.71%、3.96%、6.93%、0.20%、1.73%和0.50%;2～3种寄生虫混合感染率为9.90%。结果分析表明,寄生虫感染与样品采集地点和犬年龄统计学差异极显著(P0.01),与性别无统计学差异(P0.05)。宠物犬肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍,人兽共患寄生虫流行率较高,应加强对其监控和防治。     

雅安市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解雅安市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用甲醛-乙酸乙酯沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对该市146只流浪犬进行粪便学检查,发现寄生虫总感染率为70.5%,共发现11种肠道寄生虫,以球虫和贾第虫为主要感染虫种,感染率分别为18.5%和31.5%,隐孢子虫、圆线虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛔虫、带科绦虫、复孔绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫和吸虫感染率分别为7.5%,9.1%,6.8%,1.4%,17.8%,2.7%,6.8%,1.4%和6.2%。调查结果显示雅安市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染比较严重,且携带7种人兽共患寄生虫,应引起人们重视,加强其寄生虫病的防治。     

城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对289份粪便样品进行检查,总感染率为79.2%,混合感染率为37.7%。发现6种肠道寄生虫,以球虫、蛔虫和毛细线虫为主要感染虫种,感染率分别为69.9%、28.0%和18.3%;隐孢子虫、圆线虫和绦虫感染率分别为2.1%、4.5%和0.7%。本次调查城市观赏鸽肠道寄生虫感染率较高,并可传播流行人兽共患寄生虫,应加强其寄生虫防控工作。     

弓形虫微线体蛋白MIC3及其构建的核酸疫苗研究进展

弓形虫病（Toxoplasmosis）又称弓浆虫病或弓形体病,是由刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）引起的一种严重人兽共患机会性原虫病。弓形虫属于真球目弓形虫科,是一种专性细胞内寄生原虫,几乎可感染包括人类在内的所有哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行类动物。该病的感染率极为普遍,     

福建省实验动物体内外寄生虫调查研究初报

本文报道了福建省在普通环境下饲养的5种708只实验动物受体，内外寄生虫感染的初步调查研究结果。在被检动物体内外，获得寄生虫种30属36种。其中原虫17种、绦虫2种、线虫10种、昆虫7种；阳性检出率65．96％(467／708)；人兽共患寄生虫种75．00％(27／36)。结果表明本省实验动物在普通环境下受寄生虫的自然感染较重，肠道原虫和蠕虫尤甚。应加强实验动物环境设施和饲料的标准化及笼、饲具的卫生管理，同时应定期进行寄生虫学的监测。     

呼市青城公园野生草食动物的寄生虫调查及驱虫效果观察

为了防止野生草食动物及人畜共患寄生虫病的流行，呼市青城公园的11种101只野生草食物进行了寄生虫普查，共查出3种虫卵检查阳性动物21只，占被检动物种类的27．27％，查有4种寄生虫，其中3种线虫，占全部感染虫种的75％，分别为马网尾线虫、牛网尾线虫、毛圆线虫；一种球虫，占全部感染虫种的25％，为艾美尔球虫，并准确的计算了每种虫卵的EPG。其中毛圆线虫为人兽共患病，占全部感染虫种的25％，对虫卵检查阳性草食动物用丙硫咪唑片，氨丙林分别进行了投药驱虫，首次驱虫，虫卵减少率达到84％以上，第二次驱虫后，虫卵减少率达到了99％以上。     

猫弓形虫病

弓形虫病又称弓形体病、弓浆虫病.是由龚地弓形虫(简称弓形虫)引起的一种人兽共患的寄生虫病.弓形虫是猫的一种肠道球虫,猫是弓形虫的终宿主.人及其它动物是中间宿主.多数猫呈隐性感染,该病往往被忽视.有明显症状的猫很少见到,现将我们遇到的5只患弓形虫病猫的诊治情况汇报如下:     

河南信阳犬弓形虫病血清流行病学调查

<正>弓形虫病(Toxoplasmosis)又称弓形体病、弓浆虫病,是由龚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)寄生于人和多种动物的有核细胞内引起的一种人兽共患原虫病~([1]),呈世界性分布,可以感染人和几乎所有的恒温脊椎动物(超过30种鸟类和300种哺乳动物)~([2])。据WTO 2009年报道,全世界有超过三分之一人口感染弓形虫病,2005年公布的全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查报告显示,我国人弓形虫病平均感染率为7.88%~([3])。弓形虫病对人畜的危害很     

川西北红原县和理塘县牦牛4类体内寄生虫感染的研究

采集川西北阿坝州红原县和甘孜州理塘县总计402份牦牛粪便样本,采用廖氏计数法（改良）对4类常见体内寄生虫虫卵进行形态学观察并计数,以了解该地区牦牛体内寄生虫感染情况。结果表明,红原县牦牛体内线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫虫卵或卵囊（EPG或OPG）的平均感染量分别为11.59、23.77、42.45和14.72,总感染量为92.53（48.91~154.90）;平均感染率分别为18.01%、36.62%、44.68%、17.37%,总感染率为76.39%,表明吸虫是红原的优势寄生虫虫种,绦虫也是重要虫种。理塘县牦牛线虫、绦虫、吸虫、球虫的虫卵或卵囊（EPG或OPG）的感染量分别为52.38、13.10、20.24和1.19,总感染量为86.90;感染率分别为52.38%、19.05%、23.81%和2.38%,总感染率为78.57%,表明线虫为该地区的优势虫种。红原县和理塘县两地牦牛体内寄生虫虫卵感染主要以单一感染和二重感染为主,二者的总和分别为69.31%和78.57%,分别占总感染率的90.73%和100%。本研究结果证实牦牛寄生虫病目前仍是危害牦牛生产和当地牧民健康的一类重要疫病。该研究丰富了川西北高原地区牦牛体内寄生虫病的流行病学资料,为该地区牦牛寄生虫病的防控提供了理论依据。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.