甘草次酸对团头鲂生长、脂肪沉积与抗氧化功能的影响

为探讨甘草次酸对团头鲂生长、脂肪沉积和抗氧化功能的影响,选取均体质量为(15.63±0.04)g的团头鲂幼鱼420尾,随机分在15个网箱中,分别以甘草次酸水平为0、0.15、0.30、0.45和0.60 g/kg的5种饲料投喂8周。结果发现,饲料添加甘草次酸对团头鲂增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数没有显著影响(P0.05)。甘草次酸可以显著降低实验鱼脏体比、肝体比、腹脂率及肝脏脂肪含量(P0.05),但对全鱼体组成和肌肉脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05)。比对血浆脂肪代谢酶可见,0.30~0.60 g/kg甘草次酸添加组血浆总胆固醇含量较对照组显著下降(P0.05);而甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著变化(P0.05)。肝脏中脂蛋白酯酶、肝酯酶和总酯酶活性在添加甘草次酸后显著降低(P0.05);0.30~0.60 g/kg甘草次酸添加组脂肪酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料添加甘草次酸可以显著提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量,降低丙二醛含量(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加0.30~0.45 g/kg甘草次酸时,显著降低了团头鲂内脏团的脂肪沉积,改善了鱼体脂肪分布,这可能是由于甘草次酸加强脂解作用,提高脂肪代谢酶活性导致的;饲料中添加甘草次酸也可显著提高团头鲂的抗氧化能力。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆生长及抗氧化能力的影响

在基础饲料中添加不同剂量的还原型谷胱甘肽,添加量分别为0、100、200、400、600 mg/kg,投喂初始体质量为(23.08±0.09) g的大菱鲆,8周后测定还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆生长及抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明,饲料中还原型谷胱甘肽添加量为200 mg/kg时,大菱鲆的质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对大菱鲆肝脏中丙二醛含量、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着还原型谷胱甘肽添加量的增加,大菱鲆肝脏中丙二醛含量呈先降后升的趋势,对照组最高,200 mg/kg试验组最低;大菱鲆肝脏中总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均呈先升后降的趋势,200 mg/kg试验组最高。200 mg/kg试验组和400 mg/kg试验组大菱鲆肝脏中还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。200 mg/kg试验组大菱鲆肝脏中谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力和谷胱甘肽还原酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据回归分析,确定大菱鲆饲料中还原型谷胱甘肽的最适添加量为189.70 mg/kg。     

饲料中茶多酚的添加量对团头鲂幼鱼生长、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中添加茶多酚对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用和抗氧化能力的影响，选取240尾初始体重为(3.5±1.0) g的团头鲂幼鱼，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，每个重复20尾。实验配制了茶多酚添加量分别为0 (对照组)、100、300和500 mg/kg的等氮等能饲料，饲喂团头鲂幼鱼8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化指标和肝肠抗氧化指标。结果显示，摄食300 mg/kg茶多酚组的增重率(WGR)相较于对照组显著提高，蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于低添加量组，饲料系数(FCR)显著降低。500 mg/kg茶多酚显著降低了鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量。茶多酚的添加显著降低了血浆葡萄糖(GLU)含量，且300和500 mg/kg茶多酚添加组团头鲂肝肠丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于无添加组。100和300mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝肠组织中还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著高于对照组。此外，300 mg/kg茶多酚添加组鱼体肝脏的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)活性也显著高于对照组。养殖实验结束后，通过腹腔注射浓度为50%的四氯化碳(CCl₄)溶液诱导...     

实用饲料添加肌醇对草鱼生长、脂质代谢及抗氧化机能的影响

为探讨肌醇对草鱼生长、脂质代谢及抗氧化机能的影响,以实用饲料配方为基础,分别添加0(对照)、50、100、150、200、300和400 mg/kg肌醇,配制成7组等氮等脂的饲料,每组饲料设4个重复,每个重复饲喂初始体质量为(15.00±0.15)g的草鱼25尾,养殖56 d。结果显示,饲料中添加100~150 mg/kg肌醇能显著提高草鱼终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料效率(FE);随饲料肌醇添加水平的上升,全鱼脂肪、肝脏脂肪和脂肪沉积率先升后降,在50~300 mg/kg均与对照组存在显著差异,且均在100 mg/kg达到最大值。肌肉脂肪则逐渐下降并趋于稳定,在100 mg/kg达到最小值,100~400 mg/kg差异不显著;肠脂肪酶、血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量及高密度/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C/LDL-C)均呈先升后降的趋势,除LDL-C在各组间差异不显著外,其余指标均在100~150 mg/kg达到最大值;添加肌醇能显著增强肝脏和肌肉中肉碱脂酰转移酶(CPT-I)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性。与对照组相比,100 mg/kg肝脏CPT-I的增幅比例低于ACC的增幅比例,肌肉则相反;当肌醇添加水平为100~150 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性显著升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量及血浆中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)均显著降低。研究表明,实用饲料添加适宜的肌醇能改善草鱼的生长、饲料转化和肝脏功能,促进脂肪消化,加快脂肪酸的合成与分解代谢,使全鱼和肝脏增脂、肌肉降脂,且能够提高肝脏和肌肉的抗氧化机能。以FE和SGR为效应指标,草鱼实用饲料肌醇适宜添加量为90.3~96.4 mg/kg。     

银杏叶提取物对鲤生长性能、抗氧化功能和免疫相关基因表达的影响

为探讨日粮中添加不同水平的银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo bioba extract, GBE)对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化功能、细胞色素酶以及免疫相关基因表达的影响, 在基础饲料中分别添加不同含量的银杏叶提取物[0 (对照组)、0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、5.0 g/kg]投喂鲤 60 d。饲喂实验结束后, 称重并采集血液、肝脏、肠道、 鳃和肌肉组织, 检测相关生化指标以及基因表达的变化。结果表明: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加不同水平 GBE 对鲤生长性能和饵料系数均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。血清生化数据显示: 饲料中添加 GBE 显著提高了总蛋白(TP) 含量, 而降低了葡萄糖(Glu)和皮质醇(cortisol)水平(P<0.05), 但对总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT) 和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。抗氧化参数表明: 与对照组相比, 日粮中添加 GBE 对血清、肝脏、 肠道、鳃和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响(P>0.05), 但肝脏中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著升高。同时, 1.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了肠道和鳃 T-AOC 含量(P<0.05); 5.0 g/kg GBE 显著提高了鳃 GSH 含量(P<0.05)。基因表达结果显示: 与对照组相比, 饲料中添加 GBE 能显著诱导肝脏和肠道中 cyp3a 基因表达, 而下调 cyp1a 和 cyp1b 基因表达; 同时, 肝脏和肠道中免疫相关基因(c3 和 c-lyz)表达量在 1.0 g/kg GBE 添加组中显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述, GBE 作为饲料添加剂不能改善鲤的生长性能和饵料系数, 但可以增强鲤的抗应激、抗氧化能力和免疫相关基因的表达, 并且未对鲤产生肝毒性, 鲤饲料中 GBE 建议添加量为 1.0 g/kg。     

不同水平维生素E对高温应激及常温恢复后团头鲂血清生化指标、肠道抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同水平的维生素E(VE)对急性热应激及常温恢复条件下团头鲂血清生理生化、激素及肠道抗氧化指标的影响,实验挑选180尾健康、规格一致的团头鲂(45.00±0.50)g,分成3组,每组4个平行,每组分别添加不同量维生素E(0、50和400 mg/kg饲料)。饲养90 d后,对团头鲂进行32℃应激1 d,并在25℃常温恢复7 d。结果表明:应激前,50 mg/kg VE组显著提高了肠道谷胱甘肽的活性(P<0.05);高温应激后,与对照组相比,50 mg/kg VE组在高温应激1 d后显著降低了谷丙转氨酶和皮质醇含量,常温恢复7 d后显著降低了谷草转氨酶、皮质醇的含量(P<0.05),显著提高了碱性磷酸酶、谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);与对照组比,400 mg/kg VE添加组在32℃应激1 d及25℃恢复1 d后显著降低了谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05),常温恢复7 d后显著降低了皮质醇浓度,在应激1 d及恢复7 d后均显著降低了丙二醛浓度(P<0.05),400 mg/kg VE添加组在高温应激1 d后显著提高了碱性磷酸酶活性和三碘甲腺原氨酸含量,常温恢复7 d后显著提高了碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。因此,添加适量的维生素E(50～400 mg/kg)有利于调节血脂变化,提高团头鲂肠道抗氧化能力,并且可缓解高温应激对团头鲂血液指标波动的影响,减轻脂质过氧化水平,对团头鲂起到一定保护作用。     

饲料中添加“健肝散”对丁桂鱼脂肪肝的影响

研究饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁桂鱼脂肪肝病变的作用。采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁桂鱼养殖实验,实验周期为40d,观察"健肝散"对丁桂鱼生长、血清主要生化指标的影响,以及肝脏的组织病理学变化。实验结果,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁桂鱼的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P0.05)。血清中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P0.05)。谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P0.05)。添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P0.05)。添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P0.05)。肝组织病理显示,0.4%"健肝散"添加组可有效降低肝细胞的脂肪病变程度。     

α-硫辛酸对摄食高脂饲料的大口黑鲈生长性能和肝脏脂质代谢的影响

实验旨在探究高脂饲料中添加α-硫辛酸(α-LA)对大口黑鲈生长性能和肝脏脂质代谢的影响，配制3组等氮实验饲料，分别为粗脂肪14%的基础饲料组(D1)，粗脂肪14%添加α-LA组(D2)，粗脂肪16%添加α-LA组(D3)，投喂大口黑鲈幼鱼[初体质量(5.01±0.02) g]，养殖实验持续8周。结果显示，D3组与D1组之间的鱼体增重率和特定生长率差异不显著，显著高于D2组；D3组的蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率显著高于D1和D2组；D2和D3组血清甘油三酯、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性比D1组显著降低，各组间总胆固醇含量差异不显著。D2和D3组的肝脏空泡化面积和脂肪含量显著低于D1组；D2和D3组肝脏的脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅰ活性显著提高，脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的活性显著降低；肝脏代谢组学结果显示，D3组不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成代谢通路相比D1组显著上调。D3组肌肉十五烷酸、十七烷酸和二十一碳酸含量显著升高，D2和D3组花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量显著升高。研究表明，高脂饲料中添加α-LA，通过不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成代谢通路增强...     

饲料中添加水飞蓟素对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢酶和抗氧化能力的影响

为评估饲料中添加水飞蓟素对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏脂肪代谢酶和抗氧化能力的影响,分别在5组等氮等能的吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加不同水平的水飞蓟素[0(对照组)、100、200、400和800 mg/kg],饲喂初始体质量为(8.17±0.31)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼9周,测定实验鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性及抗氧化酶活性。结果显示,随饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平增加,吉富罗非鱼终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和肥满度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,各指标均在100mg/kg实验组达到最大,100mg/kg实验组的饲料系数显著低于对照组。饲料中添加水飞蓟素显著降低了实验鱼肝体比和脏体比。100mg/kg实验组全鱼、肌肉和肝脏的粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组。血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性随水飞蓟素水平增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,分别在200和100 mg/kg实验组达到最低,两组之间无显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,血清中的甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组;肝脏中的脂蛋白脂酶和总酯酶活性显著高于对照组;肝脏脂肪酶活性呈先上升后降低趋势,在200 mg/kg实验组最高,且与对照组有显著性差异。饲料中添加水飞蓟素后,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组,肝脏过氧化氢酶活性显著低于对照组;肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组。100 mg/kg实验组罗非鱼的肝细胞界限清晰,无核偏移,空泡较少。研究表明,饲料中添加适量水飞蓟素提高了吉富罗非鱼生长性能,调节了肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和抗氧化能力,对防治肝脏细胞损伤有积极作用。在本实验条件下,推荐吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中水飞蓟素添加水平为100 mg/kg。     

饲料中胆汁酸添加水平对牛蛙肝脏化学组成、抗氧化和代谢酶活力的影响

试验将144只(初始质量75.01 g±4.23 g)牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)随机分在12个玻璃水族缸中,每组3个重复,每个重复12只牛蛙。分别向每千克基础饲料中添加0、100、200和300 mg胆汁酸,配制成4种等氮等能的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲料中添加100 mg/kg的胆汁酸显著降低肝脏粗脂肪含量,升高水分含量。2)随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)呈先升高后降低的趋势,添加量为200 mg/kg时最高;添加胆汁酸显著提高了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力;添加200 mg/kg的胆汁酸显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,当添加量为300 mg/kg,MDA显著升高。3)肝脏谷草转氨酶随着胆汁酸含量的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,其中添加量200 mg/kg时最高,各添加水平对谷丙转氨酶活力无显著影响;添加100和200 mg/kg胆汁酸显著降低肝酯酶(HL)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活力。4)饲料中添加300 mg/kg的胆汁酸组牛蛙肝脏颜色呈紫黑色,有白斑,肝脏质地硬。综上,饲料中添加适量的胆汁酸能通过调节牛蛙肝脏脂类代谢水平和抗氧化能力以维持肝细胞的正常功能,建议胆汁酸添加量以不超过200 mg/kg为宜。     

Alterations of liver histology and blood biochemistry in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-fat diets

In this study we examined the effects of high-fat diets on alterations in liver histology features and blood biochemistry parameters in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish were fed three diets containing 5, 10, and 15 % fat, respectively, for 6 weeks prior to the liver histology examination and blood biochemistry testing. The livers of fish fed the 5 % fat diet showed a normal structure, whereas those of the fish fed the diets with a higher fat content presented nucleus polarization and lipid vacuolization. Transmission electron microscopy examination revealed that the hepatocytes of fish fed the 15 % fat diet had undergone ultrastructural alterations involving the mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Alterations in the blood biochemistry were evaluated to determine whether the blood biochemistry changes could be correlated with the observed alterations in liver histology with the aim of assessing the suitability of the investigated blood parameters as rapid indicators of liver condition. Significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and of triglycerides and cholesterol were found in fish fed the 15 % fat diet. On the whole, the results clearly show that high fat intake resulted in fat accumulation and ultrastructural impairments of the mitochondria, nucleus, and ER. We conclude that blood sample measurements (AST, ALT, triglycerides, and cholesterol) could be used as a rapid test for determining liver status in blunt snout bream.     

Effect of dietary betaine on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in blunt snout bream fed a high-fat diet

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) with initial body weight 4.3 ± 0.1 g [mean ± SEM]. Five practical diets were formulated to contain normal-fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet with betaine addition (HFB) at difference levels (0.6, 1.2, 1.8%), respectively. The results showed that the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05) were obtained in fish fed 1.2% betaine supplementation, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in the same group compared to others. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and abdominal fat rate (AFR) were significantly high in fat group compared to the lowest in NDF and 1.2% betaine supplementation, while VSI and survival rate (SR) were not affected by dietary betaine supplementation. Significantly higher (P < 0.05), plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cortisol, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content were observed in HFD but were improved when supplemented with 1.2% betaine. In addition, increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in 1.2% betaine inclusion could reverse the increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level induced by HFD. Based on the second-order polynomial analysis, the optimum growth of blunt snout bream was observed in fish fed HFD supplemented with 1.2% betaine. HFD upregulated fatty acid synthase messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and downregulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression; nevertheless, 1.2% betaine supplementation significantly reversed these HFD-induced effects, implying suppression of fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, and lipid transport. This present study indicated that inclusion of betaine (1.2%) can significantly improve growth performance and antioxidant defenses, as well as reduce fatty acid synthesis and enhance mitochondrial β-oxidation and lipid transportation in high-fat diet-fed blunt snout bream, thus effectively alleviating fat accumulation in the liver by changing lipid metabolism.     

Resveratrol supplementation improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed blunt snout bream

Here, we aimed to investigate whether resveratrol (RSV) can ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorder in fish. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) with average weight 27.99 ± 0.56 g were fed a normal fat diet (NFD, 5% fat, w/w), a HFD (11% fat), or a HFD supplemented with 0.04, 0.36, or 1.08% RSV for 10 weeks. As expected, fish fed a HFD developed hepatic steatosis, as shown by elevated hepatic and plasma triglycerides, raised whole body fat, intraperitoneal fat ratio and hepatosomatic index, and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). RSV supplementation lessened increases in body mass, whole body fat, and intraperitoneal fat, and alleviated development of hepatic steatosis, elevations of plasma triglyceride and glucose, and abnormalities of ALT and AST in HFD-fed fish. RSV supplementation increased SIRT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and consequently hepatic mRNA expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1a), and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), implying upregulation of lipolysis, β-oxidation, and lipid transport, respectively, in the liver. Conversely, hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) mRNA expression were decreased, implying suppression of fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, RSV downregulated glucokinase (GCK) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and upregulated glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA expression, thus restoring normal glucose fluxes. Thus, RSV improves lipid and glucose metabolisms in blunt snout bream, which are potentially mediated by activation of SIRT1.     

Growth Performance,Fatty Acid Composition,Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptors Gene Expressions,and Antioxidant Abilities of Blunt Snout Bream,Megalobrama amblycephala,Fingerlings Fed Different Dietary Oil Sources

A 60‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary oil sources on growth, fatty acid composition, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression levels, and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, fingerlings. Fish (average initial weight, 0.35 ± 0.01 g) were fed five experimental diets respectively containing fish oil (FO), soybean oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and palm oil (PaO). Results showed that body weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio did not significantly differ among treatments. Fish fed PaO diet showed significantly higher hepatosomatic index value and liver lipid content than those fed FO diet. The FO group showed significantly higher liver eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) + docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) concentrations than other groups in both neutral lipid and polar lipid fractions. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ in the liver were significantly increased by feeding vegetable oil diets compared to FO. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in livers of fish fed PaO diet were lower than those fed FO diet. Meanwhile, PaO group had significantly lower malondialdehyde value than other groups. In conclusion, we suggested that a combination of FO and vegetable oil diet should be used in feed formulations for blunt snout bream fingerlings.     

甘草次酸对斑点叉尾（鱼回）免疫应激下血浆抗氧化酶和免疫指标的影响

为探讨斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应激状态下血浆抗氧化酶和免疫指标的变化,并研究甘草次酸对斑点叉尾(鮰)免疫应激的调控机制,实验设计两组,每组6个重复:1)对照组,饲喂基础饲料;2)GA组,饲喂含0.15 g/kg甘草次酸饲料,养殖8周后,腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS),分别在注射后0、3、6、12、24、48 h采集血液和肝脏组织,进行红细胞、白细胞计数,分离血浆后检测血浆皮质醇、溶菌酶、ACH50、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,肝脏匀浆液检测SOD、MDA和CAT抗氧化酶活性.结果显示,在腹腔注射LPS后,血浆溶菌酶、皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、ACH50、SOD均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,白细胞计数、血浆CAT呈现先下降后升高的趋势;饲料中添加0.15 g/kg甘草次酸显著抑制了各指标变化,缩短了由LPS诱导产生各指标变化的恢复时间.研究表明,腹腔注射LPS使斑点叉尾(鮰)产生免疫应激,并在注射后6～12h达到顶峰;饲料中添加0.15 g/kg甘草次酸可以有效抑制由LPS诱导的免疫应激反应.     

Studies on the green liver in cultured red sea bream fed low level and non-fish meal diets: Relationship between hepatic taurine and biliverdin levels

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets. Red sea bream Pagrus major was given either of the following diets for 28 weeks: (1) control diet (50% fish meal), (2) low level fish meal diet (15% fish meal), and (3) non-fish meal diet (0% fish meal). The green liver was observed in all groups tested, but the incidence was much higher in the experimental diet groups. The feeding of substitute protein diets reduced plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, there was no significant difference in plasma hepatic enzyme activities and plasma bile salts concentration among the treatments. Fish fed the substitute protein diets showed low hepatic taurine levels with an appearance of a biliverdin in the liver. Moreover, the proportion of ditaurobilirubin to total biliary bile pigments was significantly lower in fish fed the substitute protein diets. These data indicate that feeding of substitute protein diets did not induce any cholestatic hepatobiliary obstructions and that the low hepatic taurine level was one of the probable factors responsible for the occurrence of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets.     

饲料不同淀粉水平对团头鲂成鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及肌肉成分的影响

为探讨饲料淀粉水平对团头鲂成鱼生长、消化酶活性和肌肉成分的影响,选用初始均重为(161±2.7)g的团头鲂成鱼360尾,随机分成6组(每组3个重复),分别投喂含淀粉17.1%、21.8%、26.4%、32.0%、36.3%和41.9%的等氮等脂饲料9周。结果发现,团头鲂成鱼成活率和特定生长率不受饲料淀粉水平影响,但饲料添加适量淀粉能提高饲料和蛋白利用率,淀粉水平对肝脏和肠道中的总蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性不产生影响,却显著影响淀粉酶活性。肝体比、肝糖原和肌肉粗脂肪含量随饲料淀粉含量的增加而显著增加,血清血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯含量不受饲料淀粉水平的显著影响,饲料中添加过量淀粉显著降低了血清补体3和补体4含量。以蛋白质效率和饲料效率为评价指标,经折线模型回归分析,得到团头鲂成鱼饲料中淀粉的适宜添加量分别为饲料干重的34.1%和31.4%,但考虑到血清补体的活性,团头鲂成鱼日粮淀粉水平不应超过36.3%。     

Effects of diet supplementation with white tea and methionine on lipid metabolism of gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata)

A growth trial was performed with gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata) to evaluate the effect of diet supplementation with white tea and methionine on fish performance and lipid metabolism. For that purpose, four diets were formulated: a fish meal–based diet (Control) and diets identical to the control diet but supplemented with 2.9 % white tea (Tea), 0.3 % methionine (Met) or 2.9 % white tea plus 0.3 % methionine (Tea + Met). Growth performance and feed efficiency parameters, whole-body and liver composition, plasma metabolites concentration and liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities were determined. Feed intake was higher in fish fed methionine–supplemented diets, whereas this parameter and growth was decreased in fish fed white tea supplementation. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by diet composition. Plasma HDL cholesterol and total lipids concentration were higher in fish fed white tea–supplemented diets. Whole-body lipid, plasma glucose, liver glycogen concentration and liver G6PDH, ME and FAS activities were lower in fish fed white tea–supplemented diets. Results of the present study indicate that methionine seems to act as a feed attractant in diets for sea bream juveniles. Additionally, white tea is an important modulator of lipid metabolism in sea bream juveniles.