健康奶牛与临床型乳腺炎奶牛乳腺核蛋白组差异表达分析

亚细胞蛋白质组的优点在于对低丰度蛋白的研究,运用亚细胞蛋白质组学的研究策略,可以提高低丰度蛋白质在双向电泳中的检出数量.通过分析奶牛乳腺炎乳腺与正常乳腺核蛋白组差异表达情况,为奶牛乳腺炎发病机理研究寻找尽可能多的生物标记分子.经超速离心法分离细胞核,双向凝胶电泳分离蛋白,用PDQuest7.4软件分析寻找差异蛋白质斑点,高效液相色谱串联离子阱质谱鉴定蛋白质.从核蛋白组2-DE图谱中筛选出22个差异表达的蛋白质斑点,质谱鉴定出17个差异表达的蛋白质,2个蛋白质在乳腺炎发病过程中下调,7个上调,5个只在正常情况下表达,3个只表达在乳腺炎组织中,筛选出的差异表达蛋白质涉及细胞骨架构成、代谢调节及凋亡调控等许多方面.表明奶牛乳腺炎发生时乳腺组织核结构和代谢状态都发生了的变化.     

奶牛乳腺组织亚细胞组分的双向凝胶电泳分析

利用超速离心结合梯度离心法分离亚细胞组分的技术路线,以提高奶牛乳腺组织蛋白双向凝胶电泳的分离效率。奶牛乳腺组织液氮研磨破碎后,差速离心分离成细胞核、线粒体、高尔基体、溶酶体4个亚细胞组分,Nyco-denz纯化,2-DE分离蛋白,PDQUest8.0软件分析凝胶图谱。结果显示,奶牛乳腺组织细胞经亚细胞分离后,电泳分辨率大大提高,特别是细胞核蛋白质检出效率明显提高。不同亚细胞蛋白质组电泳图谱的差异显示了其蛋白质组构成的不同。由此可见超速离心结合梯度离心是一种有效的奶牛乳腺亚细胞组分分离手段,亚细胞蛋白质组学克服了蛋白质组的一些缺陷并可将蛋白质组研究引向亚细胞水平。     

畜牧兽医科技文摘

<正>健康奶牛与临床型乳腺炎奶牛乳腺线粒体蛋白组差异表达分析/王建锋(甘肃农业大学动物医学院,甘肃兰州730070),陶金忠,张勇…//中国兽医学报.-2012,32(1).-63～68运用亚细胞蛋白质组学的研究策略,分离纯化亚细胞结构再进行蛋白质组学研究,可提高低丰度蛋白在双向凝胶电泳中的     

蛋氨酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞蛋白质组的影响研究

为寻找奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞结构中与泌乳相关的重要蛋白质、从蛋白质水平揭示乳蛋白合成的调控机制,应用双向凝胶电泳技术分离体外培养的蛋氨酸处理组与正常组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞蛋白质,利用Image Maser 2D软件对图谱进行对比分析,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和数据库检索鉴定,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术在mRNA水平上验证2-DE结果。质谱鉴定出8个表达上调的差异蛋白质,大多数差异蛋白质的功能涉及细胞骨架构成、能量代谢等过程。这些差异点的发现为研究奶牛泌乳机理提供了有益的线索。     

双向电泳分析蛋氨酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质的影响

为了寻找奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核中与乳蛋白合成相关的重要蛋白质,从翻译水平揭示乳蛋白合成的机理,本试验应用双向凝胶电泳技术和基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)的方法,分析添加蛋氨酸后奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质的变化,并采用Western blotting验证。质谱分析鉴定出5个表达上调的细胞核磷酸化蛋白质,分别是葡萄球菌核酸域包含蛋白质1、甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶、Septin-6、Twinfilin-1和延长因子1-beta,这些蛋白质的功能涉及DNA转录、mRNA翻译、蛋白质合成、细胞分裂、细胞形态发生及细胞周期的调控。     

蛋白质组学样品处理方法研究进展

蛋白质组学研究已经成为后基因组时代的研究热点,是生命科学研究领域又一个新的突破口。以双向凝胶电泳为主的蛋白质分离技术以及基于生物质谱的蛋白质鉴定技术是目前该领域主要研究技术手段。在双向凝胶电泳蛋白分离和蛋白质谱鉴定中,样品处理影响甚至决定着蛋白分离效果和鉴定结果。因此有效的样品处理技术是获得真实、可靠实验数据的关键,在比较蛋白质组学研究中样品处理尤为重要。本文针对双向电泳前的蛋白质样品处理及质谱鉴定前的样品处理技术的研究进展作以综述。     

雌激素处理的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质组学分析

雌激素调节多种生理过程,包括乳腺生长发育、形态发生、增殖和分化及乳蛋白的表达。许多磷酸化蛋白调节乳蛋白合成,如磷酸化Stat5和mTOR,但在乳蛋白合成的转录和翻译后水平的调节鲜有报道。为了阐述雌激素在奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中的作用机制,本试验利用双向电泳和质谱分析,鉴定了雌激素调节的细胞核磷酸化蛋白质。在雌激素处理24h后,鉴定出7个表达上调的蛋白质,包括以前报道过的甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶,属于氨基酰-tRNA合成酶家族Ⅱ;这些蛋白质涉及翻译起始因子、GTP结合的核蛋白、热休克蛋白、泛素-蛋白酶体系统。这些筛选出来的蛋白质,揭露了雌激素影响奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质,为进一步研究乳合成的分子机制提供一个新的途径。     

禽呼肠孤病毒强毒株和弱毒疫苗株感染Vero细胞的蛋白质组学研究

为研究在禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)不同毒力毒株感染后不同时间点宿主细胞中蛋白质组变化,运用双向凝胶电泳技术和质谱鉴定的蛋白质组学方法,对ARV强毒株S1133、弱毒疫苗株aS1133感染Vero细胞和对照细胞在不同时间点的蛋白质样品进行检测。鉴定结果表明,共鉴定出44个差异表达蛋白质,这些蛋白质包括α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase)、过氧化物酶(Prx-4)、hnRNPs、微管蛋白(Tubulin)、蛋白磷酸酶、转录延伸因子等。GO软件分析显示这些差异蛋白质主要参与细胞信号、细胞骨架组成、能量代谢、核酸代谢、蛋白质折叠、细胞增殖及凋亡等生物学功能。荧光定量RT-PCR验证表明,hnRNP和Prx-4在S1133感染细胞中表达水平持续上调,而Tubulin和α-enolase仅分别在48和24h时表达上调,与双向凝胶电泳的结果一致。以上试验数据揭示了ARV不同毒力毒株感染后细胞中蛋白质表达的差异变化,有助于进一步阐明ARV和宿主之间的相互作用。     

奶牛不同乳腺健康状态下乳清蛋白的差异性表达研究

本试验旨在通过研究奶牛不同乳腺健康状态下乳清蛋白差异性表达,探究奶牛乳腺健康状况对乳清蛋白的影响以及病原微生物蛋白诱发炎症的分子机制,为诊断奶牛乳腺健康程度以及早期炎症的发生提供潜在生物标记物。选择102头荷斯坦奶牛[胎次2～3胎、泌乳天数(152±27) d、产奶量(27±3) kg/d]进行牛奶样本采集,根据乳体细胞数(SCC)及细菌学鉴定结果将牛奶样本分为6组,分别为细菌培养阳性组(传染型、环境型和机会型)和细菌培养阴性组[培养阴性-低SCC组(SCC100 000个/mL)、培养阴性-中等SCC组(SCC为100 000～400 000个/mL)和培养阴性-高SCC组(SCC400 000个/mL)]。采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)与非标记定量蛋白质组学等技术对6组乳清样本中的蛋白质功能及表达水平进行鉴定。结果表明:1)奶牛健康乳腺与炎症乳腺之间的差异主要是由蛋白质的表达水平造成的。2)试验总共鉴定出272种蛋白质,其中有58种蛋白质显示出显著调节变化。与细菌培养阴性乳清样本相比,细菌培养阳性乳清样本中有20种蛋白质表达显著上调(P0.05),其中导管素-4(CATHL4)、导管素-3(CATHL3)、导管素-2(CATHL2)、α-球蛋白抑制因子H4(ITIH4)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂A3-1(SERPINA3-1)、前列腺素H-2 D异构酶(PTGDS)、血清淀粉样蛋白A3(SAA3)和免疫球蛋白κv3-20(IGKV3-20)在培养阳性乳清样本中的表达量超过培养阴性乳清样本的约8倍,且上调蛋白质的功能多数与特异性免疫反应有关。显著或极显著下调的蛋白质有38种(P0.05或P0.01),其中血小板糖蛋白4(CD36)、补体蛋白CD59(CD59)、κ酪蛋白(CSN3)、嗜乳脂蛋白亚家族1成员A1(BTN1A1)、ATP结合盒转运蛋白G2(ABCG2)、围脂滴蛋白2(PLIN2)、包膜糖蛋白2(GP2)、聚泛素-C(UBC)和异柠檬酸脱氢酶1(IDH1)呈现极显著下调(P0.01),BTN1A1与脂质合成和分泌有关,PLIN2和GP2与转运有关,ABCG2具有酶活性,CD59与免疫系统有关。3)在细菌培养阳性乳清样本中鉴定到21种菌体蛋白,这些菌体蛋白的存在既验证了细菌培养鉴定结果,又从菌体蛋白特性和功能角度阐明了病原微生物诱发炎症的分子机制。综上所述,通过对奶牛不同乳腺炎症状态下乳蛋白差异表达研究,根据不同炎症类型奶样中乳蛋白质及菌体蛋白的表达变化及功能揭示了不同乳腺健康状态下乳腺内的生物学现象,此外为诊断乳腺健康特别是早期乳腺炎症的发生提供潜在生物标记物。     

奶牛临床型乳房炎与健康乳腺组织蛋白表达图谱的初步分析

本研究以二维电泳技术构建了临床型乳房炎奶牛和健康奶牛的乳腺组织全蛋白表达谱,运用PDQuest7.4软件进行差异分析。结果显示:健康奶牛的乳腺组织蛋白表达图谱可检测到(480±27)个蛋白点,临床型乳房炎奶牛可检测到(453±31)个蛋白点,二者存在17个差异表达的蛋白斑点,6个蛋白斑点在临床型乳房炎奶牛组织中呈量度,4个呈质变。表明临床型乳房炎奶牛和健康奶牛的乳腺组织蛋白存在差异表达的蛋白斑点,本研究为发现新的乳房炎调控分子和潜在的医疗目标蛋白奠定了基础。     

Proteomic analysis of mammary tissues from healthy cows and clinical mastitic cows for identification of disease-related proteins

To investigate the disease-related proteins and understand molecular mechanism of mastitis at the protein level, this project presents the protein changes in the mammary gland between healthy cows and clinical mastitic cows using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), after stained with colloidal Coomassie Bright Blue, six spots of differentially expressed protein were detected by PDQuest software and subjected to ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a HPLC system, and five proteins were identified. Hemoglobin beta, kappa-casein and tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase (TrpRS) in healthy dairy cows, while hemoglobin beta, cytochrome C oxidase and annexin V in clinical mastitic cows were identified, they were involved in binding, transport and catalytic activity. The results may provide valuable information for the investigating of the host mammary immune system response to defense against pathogens at the protein level and potential protein targets for treatment.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected with Escherichia coli mastitis

Cows infected with Escherichia (E.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milk yield, and altered milk composition. In order to investigate the host response to E. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitis treatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe E. coli mastitis. Changes of mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and label-free proteomic approaches. A total of 95 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of these, 56 proteins were categorized according to molecular function, cellular component, and biological processes. The most frequent biological processes influenced by the proteins were response to stress, transport, and establishment of localization. Furthermore, a network analysis of the proteins with altered expression in mammary tissues demonstrated that these factors are predominantly involved with binding and structural molecule activities. Vimentin and α-enolase were central "functional hubs" in the network. Based on results from the present study, disease-induced alterations of protein expression in mammary glands and potential markers for the effective treatment of E. coli mastitis were identified. These data have also helped elucidate defense mechanisms that protect the mammary glands and promote the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis.     

Acute phase protein concentrations in serum and milk from healthy cows, cows with clinical mastitis and cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions

The concentrations of the two acute phase proteins, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, in serum and milk were compared in 10 cows with clinical mastitis, 11 cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions and 10 clinically healthy control cows. The concentrations of both acute phase proteins were higher in the serum and milk of the cows with mastitis than in the cows in the other two groups. Four of the cows with extramammary inflammatory conditions had serum amyloid A concentrations in serum above 100 microg/ml, but negligible concentrations in milk, indicating that a pathogen must be present in the mammary gland for serum amyloid A to accumulate in milk. The acute phase protein concentrations in milk increased significantly with increasing somatic cell count, suggesting that they may be indicators of the severity of an infection.     

新城疫病毒感染鸡肾脏组织蛋白质组学方法条件的优化

为研究新城疫病毒(NDV)与宿主组织细胞之间的相互作用关系,本研究以NDV疫苗(La Sota)接种的鸡肾脏组织为材料,对其差异蛋白的表达进行分析,通过条件的优化,建立了NDV感染鸡肾脏组织的双向凝胶电泳检测方法。采用ImageMaster2D Platinum version 6.0软件对电泳图谱分析后显示:24 cm IPG胶条(pH4～pH7)对应的凝胶中可检测到约1 400个蛋白点,蛋白点匹配率达90%,表明NDV感染鸡肾脏组织蛋白质组双向凝胶电泳模型稳定、分辨率高、重复性好,在对4个时间点对照和人工感染凝胶分析过程中发现差异蛋白点主要集中于接种后7 d,该样品的2-DE电泳图谱中共有29个差异表达明显的蛋白点,其中上调表达蛋白点有15个,下调表达蛋白点有14个,利用荧光定量PCR对其中4个差异蛋白在mRNA水平进行检测,结果与双向电泳结果一致,NDV接种鸡肾脏组织蛋白质组学方法的建立为NDV致病机理的研究提供有效的方法。     

Longitudinal evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood and mammary gland lymphocytes in cows experimentally inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen associated with mastitis, a disease affecting both women and dairy cows. The longitudinal profiles of bovine peripheral blood and mammary gland lymphocyte phenotypes in response to S. aureus-induced mastitis were investigated in dairy cows. Increased percentage of CD4 lymphocytes in the mammary gland between 1 and 8 days post-inoculation, increased milk CD4 protein density per cell between 1-8 days post-inoculation, and a statistically significant negative correlation between post-inoculation bacterial counts in milk and blood lymphocyte CD4 protein density were found. Together with blood and milk leukocyte counts, the milk lymphocyte CD4/CD8 ratio and the milk lymphocyte CD4 protein density were more informative indicators than milk somatic cell counts and bacteriology for identification of early vs. late inflammatory phases. These findings suggest that CD4+ lymphocytes play a protective role in the early stages of S. aureus-induced mastitis.     

双向电泳检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质方法的建立

为研究不同激素或营养素对乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质的影响,本实验建立细胞核磷酸化蛋白质提取方法及双向电泳实验技术。结果表明,细胞核磷酸化蛋白纯化结合双向电泳技术是乳腺上皮细胞核磷酸化蛋白质组学研究的有效方法,可为进一步研究乳腺上皮细胞机理提供技术基础。     

Serological proteome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sub-clinical mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common aetiologic agent of contagious bovine mastitis. Studies of the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus strongly suggest that some genetic subsets of strains are particularly well adapted for causing infections in cattle. This communication reports the setup of experimental protocols to identify the immunogenic proteins expressed by one of the most common field isolated strain of S. aureus responsible for sub-clinical mastitis cases. The serological proteome analysis (SERPA) approach applied consists of three main steps: two-dimensional electrophoresis-based separation of the proteins contained in field isolated S. aureus extracts enriched for surface proteins, detection of immunogenic spots using anti-serum collected from sub-clinical mastitis cases and identification of antigens by mass spectrometric-based methodologies. The study allowed to identify three immunogenic proteins: DNAase translocase FtsK, ribosomal proteins S1 and a Tell-like protein.