伊氏锥虫不同地理株对小鼠致病性的比较试验

伊氏锥虫是地理分布广泛的锥虫，可以引起骆驼、马、黄水牛、犬和大小鼠等动物的伊氏锥虫病，宿主中以马、犬和大小鼠等为高度易感动物，感染后往往发病急，死亡快，由于其因地理和宿主条件的不同而表现出感染力和毒力的差异[1]，我们进行了不同地理株对小鼠的感染力及其毒力的比较观察。材料和方法材料1、伊氏锥虫：伊氏锥虫云南株于1987年在宜良分离自云南水牛体内，广东株于1981年在阳江分离自广东水牛体内，安徽株分离自安徽水牛体内，江苏株分离自江苏高邮水牛体内，新疆株分离自新疆骆驼体内，以上伊氏锥虫都经小鼠繁殖后保存于液氮中…     

伊氏锥虫在27℃和41℃的体外培养

用改良Ｂａｌｔｚ无细胞培养系统在２７℃和４１℃培养伊氏锥虫，２７℃培养取得成功，４１℃培养失败。２７℃培养已持续１０个月，培养的伊氏锥虫仍保持其在哺乳动物宿主内的主要形态特征，对小鼠的感染力和致病力，消耗葡萄糖，葡萄糖分解的最终产物为丙酮酸；其群体增倍时间约为２４ｈ，ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素分离的回收率仅５０％左右，显著长于和低于３７℃培养物。文内还讨论了２７℃培养伊氏锥虫的用途和意义。     

冬眠合剂对猪精液常温和低温保存的影响

本研究旨在探讨冬眠合剂对常温和低温条件下猪精子保存时间的影响。在猪精子常温稀释液Modena和主要成分为葡萄糖和卵黄的低温稀释液基础上,按0、1/10、1/20、1/40、1/80和1/160比例分别添加冬眠合剂(主要成分为氯丙嗪和异丙嗪,浓度均为2 mg/mL),通过测定精子活率筛选出冬眠合剂的最佳添加浓度;之后以冬眠合剂的最佳添加浓度为基础,将猪精子分别保存于17、14、12、10℃(常温稀释液),以及10、8、6、4℃(低温稀释液)条件下,测定保存时间对精子活率的影响。结果显示:冬眠合剂与常温或低温稀释液的最佳添加比例为1/40;17℃的常温保存效果最好,保存7 d后精子活率大于40%,显著高于不添加冬眠合剂的对照组;8℃的低温保存效果最好,保存14 d后精子活率大于25%,显著高于不添加冬眠合剂的对照组;添加冬眠合剂后未对精子的形态产生影响。因此,冬眠合剂能显著提高猪精子体外保存时间。     

稀释液中添加番茄红素对鸡精子保护作用的研究

为了研发新的鸡精液稀释液,试验在YHFB鸡精液稀释液(分别为B1液、B2液、B3液、B4液)中添加浓度分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.05 mg/mL抗氧化剂番茄红素,按1∶1的比例对鸡混合鲜精进行稀释,稀释后置于长时间保存的低温条件(5℃左右)下,定期检查精子活力,当小于或等于0.3时停止检查;置于高温恶劣环境(41℃水浴)下,每30 min检查1次精子活力,直到精子全部死亡。结果表明:低温条件下不同时间精子活力B1、B4液,B2、B3液均差异不显著(P0.05),添加0.1 mg/mL番茄红素的B2液在48小时前精子活力稍大于B3液,48小时后B3液精子活力稍大于B2液;高温条件下不同时间精子活力各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。说明在低温条件下鸡精液稀释液中添加0.1 mg/mL番茄红素,能显著延长精子活力,但在41℃的高温条件下对精子的保护作用不明显。     

用免疫抑制小鼠快速培育抗苏拉明伊氏锥虫

将伊氏锥虫克隆ＪＧｍｃ５用环磷酰胺处理的免疫抑制小鼠频繁地连续传代，并予以亚治疗剂量的苏拉明治疗，连续传代１４次，历时８８日，即获得对苏拉明具有高水平抗药性的伊氏锥虫群体。在用免疫活性正常的健康小鼠测定抗药性时，此抗苏拉明锥虫群体仍保持高水平的抗药性，ＣＤ１００＞４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在以体外药敏试验测定时，其ＩＣ５０为１２３．２μｇ／ｍｌ。实验结果表明，宿主免疫系统的损害，在实验条件下，可导致伊氏锥虫迅速产生抗药性。在野外条件下，机体免疫系统的损害对锥虫抗药性的产生可能也起一定作用。     

样品保存液在猪口腔液检测中的应用

猪口腔液作为血清、鼻腔拭子和肛拭子的替代品,已被用来检测和监测包括非洲猪瘟病毒在内的多种传染病。由于口腔液样品自身的复杂性,使得口腔液样品中的病原微生物容易降解,导致检测结果的不准确。试验的目的是分析动物DNA病毒(PRV)和RNA病毒(PRRSV)在口腔液样品中的储运条件对病原核酸检测结果的影响。将PRV和PRRSV与猪口腔液样品混合制备参考品,样品保存液A、B、C和生理盐水,在保存温度为4℃,25℃和40℃,保存0 d,3 d,7 d时分别提取各样品核酸,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测病毒样品量的变化。当用生理盐水作为样品保存液时,病毒的检出量下降;3种商业化的样品保存液在4℃条件下对病毒核酸都有保护作用,样品检出量优于其他温度条件。口腔液样品储运条件优选使用样品保存液,并在低温条件下储运最佳。     

水牛伊氏锥虫人工感染抗体规律及其广西地区自然感染状况的初步调查

通过实验感染,研究伊氏锥虫在水牛体内抗体及虫体消长的规律.ELISA检测结果表明,水牛感染伊氏锥虫后第6 d检出抗体,而且在2个多月的监测时间里,抗体都维持在较高水平(OD450nm>0.3),因此可利用ELISA方法对水牛感染伊氏锥虫进行早期诊断和监测;水牛感染伊氏锥虫后,即出现一个2～3周左右的虫血症峰期,然后虫血症峰期迅速下降,在虫血症峰期下降后1个多月的监测时间里,虫血症维持在一个很低的水平(≤1条虫体/视野),水牛感染伊氏锥虫后这种峰期短无明显症状、虫血症水平低的现象,给临床诊断和血液镜检虫体造成了一定的困难.对广西部分地区79份血清样品水牛检测的结果表明,伊氏锥虫抗体阳性率达到29.1%,说明广西各地水牛感染伊氏锥虫的现象普遍存在,而且感染率比较高,为了保证本地区水牛产业的健康发展,有必要对水牛伊氏锥虫感染进行有效的监测.     

伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫机理的研究——补体在体液免疫和细胞免疫…

用我室研制的伊氏锥虫多因素致弱苗免疫马血清中的补体，观察其灭活前后对体液免疫和细胞的作用。结果：灭活补体的免疫血清，在体外试验，对锥虫形态活力不认异常，巨噬细胞对用灭活补体的免疫血清处理的锥虫吞噬率仅达８％；在体内试验，锥虫对小白鼠具有致病力，潜伏期为３－５天，存活期为８－１６天，未灭活补体的免疫血清，可使锥虫形态异常，活力减退、停止；用示被灭活补体的免疫马血清处理的锥虫，注射小白鼠可健活６０－７     

小尾寒羊精液保存技术研究

为了充分发挥种公羊的生产潜力,快速扩繁优良群体,本实验以取材方便的小尾寒羊为实验动物,对其精液采用室温、低温和细管法冷冻3种保存方法进行了研究。结果表明:在低温(4±0.5)℃条件下稀释保存小尾寒羊精子,显著优于室温(23±2)℃条件下的保存效果。其中采用II液低温保存绵羊精子的时间和活率(168 h,0.35)显著优于III液(72 h,0.30)I、V液(48 h,0.35)和I液(18 h,0.42)。而采用III液冷冻保存绵羊精液,其解冻后活率(0.532±0.004)极显著高于IV液(0.470±0.003)I、液(0.445±0.004)和II液(0.432±0.012)3种冷冻稀释液(P<0.01)。4种冷冻稀释液冷冻解冻后的精子,均能在室温下6 h内保持0.35以上的活率。     

日粮添加VE和VC对肺动脉高压综合征患鸡自由基代谢的影响

将380只AA商品肉鸡随机分为A组100只,B、C、D和E组各70只,14日龄前常规饲养。14日龄后,B、C、D和E组舍温按每日1～2℃由25℃、逐步降至12℃,同时日粮中按1．5mg／kg的剂量添加T3以诱发肺动脉高压综合征(PHS);C、D组在日粮中分别按500、100mg／kg的剂量添加维生素C和E;而E组同时添加维生素C和E,A组仍常规饲养,至试验结束。记录每周各组鸡群的PHS发病数、平均体质量和采食量,并每周每组取10只鸡采血和扑杀,测定其红细胞压积(PCV)、血浆、肺和肝组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及脂质过氧化物的降解产物丙二醛(MDA)浓度;取心脏测定其右心室和全心室质量比(RV／TV)。结果显示,环境低温和日粮添加T3极显著增加了肉鸡PHS的发病率(P＜0．01)。C、E组的肉鸡PHS发病率以及血浆、肺和肝组织的MDA值均极显著降低(P＜0．01),血浆、肺和肝组织的SOD值均极显著增加(P＜0．01),但增重、饲料转换率、血液PCV值和心脏指数RV／TV值未发生改变;D组5周龄后的血浆MDA值则极显著降低(P＜0．01)以及血浆、肺和肝组的SOD值极显著增加(P＜0．01),而肺和肝组织的MDA值和肉鸡PHS发病率未发生改变。由此表明,日粮添加维生素C明显阻断了低温和T3条件下肉鸡体内脂质过氧化过程,有效清除了体内自由基,显著增强了体内抗氧化能力,成功防制了肉鸡PHS的发生;日粮中同时添加维生素C和E使低温加T3条件下的肉鸡体内抗氧化能力进一步加强;但维生素C或／和E未能改变在环境低温和日粮添加T3诱病条件下肉鸡的增重和饲料转换率,而日粮中单独添加维生素E则使低温加T3条件下的肉鸡体内抗氧化能力有一定的增强作用,但并未改变肉鸡PHS的发病率。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.