妊娠中期猪胎儿神经干细胞分离培养及分化

从妊娠中期猪胎儿(胎龄60 d)脑组织分离培养神经干细胞并诱导其贴壁分化,采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞及其分化细胞的表面标志.结果显示,神经干细胞中DCX、Hes1、Oct4、CD-90、Nanog、Sox2和Nestin表达阳性;体外诱导的神经干细胞可以分化为星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)、少突胶质细胞(表达GalC)和神经元细胞(表达NF、NSE和MAP2).结果表明,从妊娠中期猪胎儿脑组织可以分离神经干细胞,神经干细胞具有自我更新和分化潜能.     

妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞EGFP基因转化及体外分化

本研究旨在获得妊娠中期猪羊水来源千细胞,并通过用EGFP对干细胞进行标记,为以EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞进行体内移植研究奠定基础.利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄60 d猪胎儿羊水中分离获得干细胞,通过脂质体介导转染将EGFP基因导入干细胞,诱导转基因干细胞向肌细胞和神经细胞分化,观察其分化特点.采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞和分化细胞表面标志或相关基因.结果成功分离培养出妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞,并获得转EGFP基因干细胞.干细胞在表达EGFP的同时仍具有分化潜能.干细胞中Oct4、CD-90和Sox2表达阳性;体外诱导的干细胞能分化为肌细胞(表达myf-6和myoD)、星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)、少突胶质细胞(表达GalC)和神经元细胞(表达NF、NSE和MAP2).研究表明,从妊娠中期猪胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,转EGFP基因干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和分化潜能,可以用EGFP对羊水来源干细胞进行标记、追踪,为EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞用于体内移植研究奠定了基础.     

鸡脑神经干细胞体外诱导分化研究

为了研究鸡脑神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)体外的分离、培养及诱导分化等生物学特性,试验采用机械吹打法分离鸡脑神经干细胞,通过免疫荧光对体外培养鸡脑神经干细胞进行表面标记检测,并在适宜的诱导条件下向神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞三个方向进行诱导,检测其多向分化潜能。结果表明:体外分离培养的鸡NSCs为目的细胞,并可向神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞诱导分化。说明鸡脑NSCs具有良好的体外增殖能力和多向分化潜能。     

牛胎儿神经干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

分别采用机械分离法和酶消化分离法从胎龄为3个月的牛胎儿脑组织中分离培养牛神经干细胞(Neural stem cells,NSCs),比较这2种方法对NSCs培养的影响。根据培养液中是否添加bFGF、EGF和FBS,选择不同的培养液培养NSCs,观察不同培养液对NSCs培养的影响,进而筛选出最适培养液。对NSCs及经诱导分化成的神经细胞进行生物学特性分析,包括细胞形态学观察和细胞免疫荧光检测。结果显示:组成成分为Neurobasal Medium+20μg/L bFGF+20μg/L EGF+20mL/L B27+100IU/mL青霉素+100IU/mL链霉素的神经干细胞培养液能够很好地支持牛胎儿NSCs的存活和增殖;机械分离法获得的牛胎儿NSCs的神经球数量和细胞活性要比酶消化分离法效果好;NSCs特异性标志物Nestin表达呈强阳性,Sox2、Nanog、Oct4和SSEA4等干细胞表面标志表达均呈阳性;经体外诱导的NSCs可分化为星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)和神经元(表达βⅢ-tubulin)。结果表明,可从牛胎儿脑组织中分离培养出NSCs,NSCs可长期传代培养,具有分化功能。牛NSCs为克隆牛的供体细胞和转基因牛的受体细胞提供了细胞新来源。     

胎牛视网膜干细胞向神经细胞诱导研究

旨在研究胎牛视网膜干细胞(Retinal stem cells,RSCs)的分离、培养、鉴定及向不同类型细胞诱导分化等的生物学特性。采用机械吹打法从胎牛眼睫状体部细胞中分离RSCs,通过免疫荧光方法鉴定RSCs标志物Nestin、Pax-6和Chx-10,并诱导其向星形胶质细胞、神经元及少突胶质细胞诱导分化,检测其多向分化潜能。结果表明,机械吹打法获得的胎牛RSCs不仅表达干细胞特有的标志,而且成功诱导分化为星形胶质细胞、神经元及少突胶质细胞。综上表明,胎牛RSCs具有良好的体外增殖能力和多向分化潜能。为今后视网膜干细胞的研究提供相应的理论依据。     

胚胎干细胞的体外诱导分化

胚胎干细胞是从早期囊胚内细胞团或桑葚胚中分离的一种多潜能细胞,具有体外无限增殖和自我更新能力,而且还能被定向诱导分化形成机体几乎所有的细胞类型,如肝细胞、造血细胞、成骨细胞、神经细胞、神经胶质细胞、肌肉细胞、胰岛细胞、内皮细胞、黑色素细胞、淋巴细胞、脂肪细胞、成纤维细胞等.     

猪乳腺干细胞的分离培养及EGFP基因转化

利用乳腺干细胞培养技术体系,从成年猪乳腺组织中分离培养乳腺干细胞,通过脂质体介导转染技术,将EGFP基因导入乳腺干细胞,诱导转基因乳腺干细胞向乳腺上皮细胞分化,观察其分化特点。结果成功分离培养出乳腺干细胞,获得转EGFP基因乳腺干细胞,它们在表达EGFP的同时仍具有分化潜能,能分化成梭形和扁平状细胞。结果表明,从成年猪乳腺组织中分离乳腺干细胞具有可行性和有效性,转EGFP基因乳腺干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和分化潜能,可以用EGFP基因对乳腺干细胞进行标记、追踪,为EGFP基因作为示踪标记对乳腺干细胞用于体内移植研究奠定了基础。     

崂山奶山羊胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）的分离培养及成神经诱导分化

旨在建立崂山奶山羊胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）体外分离培养方法,并研究其生物学特性和成神经分化的能力。取怀孕3个月的崂山奶山羊胎儿股骨,分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞,并进行传代培养,测定其细胞倍增时间,利用RT-PCR技术检测Oct4、Nanog、Sox2基因的表达;取P3 BMSCs分别向成神经细胞进行诱导分化,并从组织学水平和基因水平进行鉴定。结果表明,分离得到的胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞大小较为均匀,呈梭形的成纤维细胞样,可表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2基因;传代接种后第4天进入指数生长期,第8天进入平台期,前10代BMSCs的平均倍增时间为29.7 h;P3 BMSCs成神经诱导后,尼氏体经甲苯胺蓝染色后可见紫蓝色,其特异性表达基因ENO2和GFAP表达呈阳性。获得的崂山奶山羊BMSCs具有成神经分化潜能。     

胚胎干细胞的体外诱导分化

胚胎干细胞是从早期囊胚内细胞团或桑葚胚中分离的一种多潜能细胞，具有体外无限增殖和自我更新能力，而且还能被定向诱导分化形成机体几乎所有的细胞类型，如肝细胞、造血细胞、成骨细胞、神经细胞、神经胶质细胞、肌肉细胞、胰岛细胞、内皮细胞、黑色素细胞、淋巴细胞、脂肪细胞、成纤维细胞等。     

以KnockoutTM SR无血清培养基培养小鼠精原干细胞的研究

精原干细胞(SSCs)是睾丸内具有自我复制和分化为精子潜能的干细胞,它的体外培养是精子发生机理研究和制作转基因动物等的新途径[1-2]。近几年的研究表明,SSCs在体外的自我增殖需要胶质细胞源神经营养因子(GDNF)和饲养层细胞等的支持[3-10],并且睾丸支持细胞和血清均可导致培养的     

Neurogenic Differentiation of EGFP Gene Transfected Amniotic Fluid‐Derived Stem Cells from Pigs at Intermediate and Late Gestational Ages

The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (amniotic fluid‐derived stem; AFS cells) could be isolated from pigs at intermediate and late gestational ages, and (ii) to determine if these AFS cells could be differentiated in vitro into neural lineages following transfection with a reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells were isolated from embryonic day 60 and day 110 porcine amniotic fluid respectively, and transfected with EGFP gene using lipofection. The transfected AFS cells were induced to differentiate into cells of neuronal lineages. Markers associated with undifferentiated AFS cells and their neural derivatives were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that porcine AFS cells could be isolated at intermediate and late gestational ages and that transfected AFS expressed EGFP and could be induced to differentiate in vitro. Undifferentiated AFS cells expressed POU5F1, THY1 and SOX2, while following differentiation cells expressed markers for astrocytes (GFAP), oligodendrocytes (GALC) and neurons (NF, ENOS and MAP2).     

蒙古羊羊水源干细胞分离培养及其成骨分化研究

试验旨在建立羊水源干细胞系并对其诱导形成成骨细胞的潜能进行研究。在胎牛血清浓度为15%的条件下对羊水源干细胞进行建系,并检测其类胚体形成能力;检测不同代数细胞的干细胞标志基因Oct-4、SH2、SSEA-1、Nanog、HLA-ABC、CD117的表达情况;利用地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、抗坏血酸等因子进行诱导。结果表明,羊水源干细胞在体外可以持续增殖,悬浮培养形成的类胚体表达三胚层相关标记基因,经诱导可形成成骨细胞。试验成功分离了蒙古羊的羊水源干细胞并建系,且其具有向成骨细胞分化的潜能。     

猪滋养层干细胞样细胞的分离培养

滋养层干细胞(TSc)是形成胎盘组织细胞的前体细胞,与胚胎着床和胎盘形成密切相关。体外分离滋养层干细胞为研究滋养层的发育与功能提供了研究工具和基础。滋养层干细胞已经成功从小鼠附植前囊胚中获得,在猪上也有相关报道,但并没有关于6 d囊胚中分离到猪滋养层干细胞(pTSc)的报道。本试验通过对6 d孤雌囊胚透明带进行划口处理, 饲养层和基础培养液中附加碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)和人白血病抑制因子(hLIF)分离猪滋养层干细胞样细胞。同时,通过采用形态学和基因表达分析的方法对获得的猪滋养层干细胞样细胞进行了初步鉴定。结果显示,本试验分离得到的细胞呈现上皮样细胞形态,细胞间结合紧密,边缘光滑,核质比较大,RT-PCR结果显示表达滋养层干细胞标记基因Cdx2,体现了滋养层干细胞特征。结果表明,本试验成功在6 d孤雌囊胚分离得到猪滋养层干细胞样细胞,为后续研究猪滋养层发育提供了试验基础。     

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from Asian patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from disease patients are an invaluable resource for biomedical research and may provide a source for replacement therapies. In this study, we have generated iPS cells from Asian patients with chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Parkinson disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by transduction with four factors (KLF4, SOX2, OCT4 and c-MYC). All of the iPS cells showed pluripotency similar to that of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and were able to differentiate into various somatic cell types in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the iPS cells also can be committed to differentiate into neural cells, the cell type that is affected in chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, the patient-specific iPS cells we generated offer a cellular model in which to investigate disease mechanisms, discover and test novel drugs and develop new therapies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases.     

Neurogenic and cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from minipig bone marrow

The present study investigated the potential of minipig bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to differentiate in vitro into neuron- and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Isolated BM-MSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, expressed CD29, CD44 and CD90, and differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Upon induction in two different neuronal specific media, most of BM-MSCs acquired the distinctive morphological features and positively stained for nestin, neurofilament-M (NF-M), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), β-tubulin, galactocerebroside (Gal-C) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Expression of nestin, GFAP and NF-M was further demonstrated by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Following cardiomyogenic induction, MSCs exhibited a stick-like morphology with extended cytoplasmic processes, and formed cluster-like structures. The expression of cardiac specific markers α-smooth muscle actin, cardiac troponin T, desmin and α-cardiac actin was positive for immunofluorescence staining, and further confirmed by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. In conclusion, our results showed the in vitro differentiation ability of porcine BM-MSCs into neuron-like and cardiomyocyte-like cells.     

Molecular signature and colony morphology affect in vitro pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells

Overall efficiency of cell reprogramming for porcine fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently poor, and few cell lines have been established. This study examined gene expression during early phase of cellular reprogramming in the relationship to the iPSC colony morphology and in vitro pluripotent characteristics. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Two different colony morphologies referred to either compact (n = 10) or loose (n = 10) colonies were further examined for proliferative activity, gene expression and in vitro pluripotency. A total of 1,697 iPSC-like colonies (2.34%) were observed after gene transduction. The compact colonies contained with tightly packed cells with a distinct-clear border between the colony and feeder cells, while loose colonies demonstrated irregular colony boundary. For quantitative expression of genes responsible for early phase cell reprogramming, the Dppa2 and EpCAM were significantly upregulated while NR0B1 was downregulated in compact colonies compared with loose phenotype (p < .05). Higher proportion of compact iPSC phenotype (5 of 10, 50%) could be maintained in undifferentiated state for more than 50 passages compared unfavourably with loose morphology (3 of 10, 30%). All iPS cell lines obtained from these two types of colony morphologies expressed pluripotent genes and proteins (OCT4, NANOG and E-cadherin). In addition, they could aggregate and form three-dimensional structure of embryoid bodies. However, only compact iPSC colonies differentiated into three germ layers. Molecular signature of early phase of cell reprogramming coupled with primary colony morphology reflected the in vitro pluripotency of porcine iPSCs. These findings can be simply applied for pre-screening selection of the porcine iPSC cell line.     

Generation of neuronal-like cells from umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells of a RFP-transgenic cloned cat

Umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells, which can differentiation into cells of connective tissue and neural lineages. This study investigated the potential for neuronal differentiation of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-transgenic cat UCB-derived MSCs. The cells were cultured in pre-induction medium for 24 hr and in neuronal-induction medium for 72 hr. Immunofluorescent staining showed that 6.85% of the total cells were beta III-tubulin-positive, 3.37% were neurofilament light (NF-L)-positive and 7.04% were neurofilament medium (NF-M)-positive. A beta III-tubulin band was detected by western blot analysis. Our results demonstrate that RFP-transgenic UCB-derived MSCs can be differentiated into neuronal cells in vitro. Thus, RFP-transgenic MSCs could provide alternative tracing material for stem cell transplantation.     

诱导鸡胚精原干细胞向成骨细胞分化的研究

为了探讨体外培养的鸡胚精原干细胞(SSCs)的多向分化潜能,取孵化18~20 d的鸡胚睾丸,无菌获取SSCs,体外培养传代,通过地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、维生素C诱导鸡胚SSCs向成骨细胞分化,钙结节Von Kossa s法、改良的钙钴法及免疫组化法进行成骨细胞鉴定。结果显示SSCs被诱导15~21 d后分化为成骨细胞,诱导形成率为75%~80%;诱导后的细胞Von Kossa s染色可见细胞间布满黑色颗粒,提示有矿化基质沉积;改良钙钴法碱性磷酸酶染色胞浆呈深棕色或深黑色,免疫组化法染色细胞呈阳性。因此可以得出在不同的诱导条件下,SSCs体外可被定向诱导分化为成骨细胞,证明其具有多向分化潜能。