化州橘红种质资源的SSR标记分析

利用核基因组简单序列重复（Simple sequence repeat,SSR）DNA标记,对11份化州橘红及其相关种质的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：6对SSR分子标记引物共扩增出32个等位基因,每对引物可扩增3～8个等位基因;11份种质在SSR位点上的PIC值介于0.1763到0.4400之间,平均为0.2761。聚类分析表明,在Nei s遗传相似系数0.85处,可将所研究的种质分为6组,其中有5组分布有化州橘红种质,表明化州橘红不同种质间有较大的遗传差异。     

中药“化橘红”原料植物化州柚种质资源初步研究

种质资源的研究对中药“化橘红”原料植物橘红(化州柚)Citrus maxima‘Tomentosa'优良品种的选育具有重要作用.通过田间调查植物学性状及室内测定果实总黄酮、柚皮苷、多糖、锌、铁等有效成分,对广东省化州市平定镇化州柚资源进行整理和分析的结果表明,该地的化州柚资源有5个品系,当地群众分别取名为黄龙、正毛、密叶正毛、假西洋和副毛,黄龙和假西洋的有效成分总体上高于正毛、密叶正毛和副毛.     

橘红色形态标记在抗根肿病橘红心大白菜雄性不育系转育中的应用

橘红心大白菜球心色由1对隐性等位基因控制,其子叶颜色、花色的遗传与球心色的遗传表现一致,可以作为橘红心大白菜的形态标记性状在转育中使用。本试验在转育抗根肿病橘红心大白菜核基因雄性不育系的过程中比较了球心色法、子叶法和花色法在不同条件下筛选抗根肿病橘红心雄性不育系的特点。结果表明：无论是种子春化处理还是非种子春化处理,子叶法在子叶展开时就可以筛选到橘红心性状,得到抗根肿病橘红心植株需要抗性筛选的株数最少,耗用根肿菌菌土量最少。可以说,子叶法转育抗根肿病橘红心雄性不育系适用范围广、工作强度小,是3种方法中最理想的方法,利用此方法可以简化抗根肿病橘红心大白菜雄性不育系的转育进程。     

大白菜根肿病抗性与橘红心性状的遗传关系

以育成的黄心抗根肿病直筒叠抱型大白菜CR9112A和CR9112B为母本,直筒舒心橘红心大白菜龙园红1号JH-1自交系为父本,分别完成F1、F2及BC1F1各世代.验证龙园红1号橘红心性状的遗传规律,探究根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间的遗传关系.抗性和花色鉴定结果表明:根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间无连锁关系,二者表现为独立遗传.龙园红1号JH-1的基因型为msmsrrhh.提出了转育抗根肿病橘红心大白菜的遗传模式,以期获得经济性状优良的抗根肿病橘红心材料.     

大白菜根肿病抗性与橘红心性状的遗传关系

以育成的黄心抗根肿病直筒叠抱型大白菜CR9112A和CR9112B为母本,直筒舒心橘红心大白菜龙园红1号JH-1自交系为父本,分别完成F1、F2及BC1F1各世代。验证龙园红1号橘红心性状的遗传规律,探究根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间的遗传关系。抗性和花色鉴定结果表明：根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间无连锁关系,二者表现为独立遗传。龙园红1号JH-1的基因型为msmsrrhh。提出了转育抗根肿病橘红心大白菜的遗传模式,以期获得经济性状优良的抗根肿病橘红心材料。     

橘红心大白菜形态标记的遗传及稳定性研究

以橘红心大白菜自交系（LH）、普通心大白菜自交系（91-12）为亲本，研究了橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的遗传特征及其在环境中的稳定性。结果表明：橘红心大白菜和普通心大白菜正反交后代（F1和F1′）子叶颜色均为黄色，F2和BC1F1群体子叶颜色分离比分别为3∶1和1∶1（黄色子叶∶橘红子叶），这说明橘红心大白菜子叶颜色由1对等位基因控制，橘红色对黄色表现为隐性|子叶颜色、花色和球心色三者的遗传表现为一因多效，即橘红子叶植株的球心色和花色也为橘红色。在遮光或者弱光处理结束后，光照2 h橘红心大白菜的子叶颜色可以稳定表现，在低温遮光条件下表现最为显著，催芽时间不同（24 h或48 h）不影响橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的表现。因此，子叶颜色可以作为橘红心大白菜选育中的一个理想的形态标记加以应用。     

大白菜根肿病抗性与橘红心性状的遗传关系

以育成的黄心抗根肿病直筒叠抱型大白菜CR9112A和CR9112B为母本,直筒舒心橘红心大白菜龙园红1号JH-1自交系为父本,分别完成F1、F2及BC1F1各世代.验证龙园红1号橘红心性状的遗传规律,探究根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间的遗传关系.抗性和花色鉴定结果表明:根肿病抗性与橘红心性状之间无连锁关系,二者表现为独立遗...     

化橘红环割效应初步探讨

环割对柑橘促花保果具有重要作用,研究环割对化橘红的促花保果作用对稳定发展化橘红产业具有重要作用。本研究用生长较为一致的‘黄龙’化橘红为试验树,试验设计采取主枝环割4圈、2圈、不环割3个处理,单株小区,重复5次。对次年结果量和春梢生长量进行测量,并分析1年生叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖、干物质、全碳与全氮量。结果表明,环割树产量极显著高于对照,春梢生长量极显著低于对照;环割树叶片碳氮比和可溶性糖极显著高于对照,叶绿素含量极显著低于对照。环割有利化橘红花芽分化,并可以显著提高坐果率,环割必须与高水平的其他栽培技术措施相结合。     

橘红芯黄瓜秋延后栽培技术

从品种介绍、播种时间、栽培管理、病虫害防治等方面,阐述橘红芯水果黄瓜与橘红芯旱黄瓜在黑龙江省区域,采用秋延后栽培方式时的主要栽培管理技术。     

橘红心大白菜核基因雄性不育系转育方法研究

以白色球心大白菜雄性不育甲型两用系AB01的可育株MsfMs为母本，以橘红色球心大白菜自交系北京-1和山东-1为父本，配制F1、F2及BC1，鉴定各世代叶球颜色和雄蕊育性，分析球色遗传规律，以及球色、花色及雄蕊育性的遗传关系，探索橘红心大白菜核基因雄性不育系转育方法。结果表明，球心颜色由一对基因控制，橘红心为隐性，白心为显性；橘红心与橘红花性状为完全连锁或一因多效；球心颜色与雄蕊育性独立遗传；橘红心大白菜自交系北京-1和山东-1在核不育基因位点上的基因型均为纯合隐性可育msms。提出了利用普通白心大白菜核基因雄性不育材料转育橘红心大白菜雄性不育系的遗传模式。     

柠檬柚果实发育过程中金属营养元素含量变化及活性氧代谢研究

研究柠檬柚（Citrus limonum Grandis Osbeck,柠檬与麻豆文旦柚杂交的新品种）果实发育过程中K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe 7种金属营养元素的含量与分布、吸收规律及其与活性氧代谢的相关性。结果表明：（1）4—5月、6—9月和10—11月分别是果皮迅速生长期、果肉迅速生长期和果实转色成熟期。（2）果皮和果肉中K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe的含量都随着果实的发育总体呈递减规律,但元素的吸收总量却相反。K、Zn、Fe以果肉居多,Ca、Mg、Mn则主要分布在果皮。K含量位居7元素之首。Cu在幼果期的含量是其它月份的5 ~ 6倍,且果皮果肉中的含量相当。（3）K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn的吸收量集中在7—9月,Cu和Fe 的吸收高峰则在11月果实转色期（39.83%和45.95%）。（4）果肉中7种金属营养元素间相关性显著率大于果皮。（5）与活性氧代谢相关性较显著的是Fe元素,其余依次是K、Zn、Cu、Ca、Mg,Mn最低。     

硼、镁缺乏诱发柑橘叶片维管组织变化差异研究

 以尤溪金柑（Fortunella crassifolia Swingle）、纽荷尔脐橙[Citrus senisis（L.）]和琯溪蜜柚[C. grandis（L.）]一年生老熟春梢叶片为材料,结合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP）和常规石蜡切片法对缺硼和缺镁条件下叶片维管组织结构变化的差异进行了研究。结果表明：缺硼植株叶片中脉维管组织异常增生,早期纤维鞘结构成束状分离,但木质部与韧皮部之间界限分明,维管射线结构保持完整;后期主脉初生韧皮部及纤维鞘外层薄壁细胞坏死,侧脉初生韧皮部坏死并伴随韧皮部增生的同时海绵组织细胞增生。维管组织及维管束外周的薄壁细胞增生为缺硼典型组织异常。缺镁植株叶片,早期叶绿体的数量与结构发生明显改变,中脉纤维鞘成束状分布,后生木质部结构弥散,木射线结构不完整;后期中脉髓部与韧皮部细胞坏死,侧脉初生木质部导管内部产生大量侵填体,初生木质部退化,而木质部与韧皮增生。木质部的阻塞退化与不规则增生以及髓部细胞的退化为缺镁典型组织异常。     

Assessment of urban forestry research and research needs in Nordic and Baltic countries

A review of research and research needs in urban forestry was carried out in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden during 2005. A questionnaire addressing post-2000 and ongoing research was sent to 146 researchers and generated 76 completed questionnaires. Universities were found to lead urban forestry research, while municipalities headed funding organisations in terms of number of projects funded. Planning, ecological and management aspects were the most common research themes, but socially oriented research also played an important role. The research needs questionnaire was sent to 192 key research actors (assignors, users and researchers), resulting in 63 completed needs assessments. The research themes of ‘urban forest management’, ‘social and cultural values’ and ‘urban forest and green planning’ were prioritised for future research. Comparison of ongoing research and research needs showed discrepancies, as ongoing research does not always cover the same themes identified as primary research needs. Priorities for future research as identified by the research community respective those assigning and using research also differed. Economic assessment of benefits, for example, scored much higher as a need among researchers than other respondents. In terms of present weaknesses in the research ‘infrastructure’, research actors emphasised lack of funding, fragmentation of research and insufficient critical mass. The region's urban forestry research can be enhanced and made more meaningful by strengthening national and international networking within the research community, across disciplines, as well as between researchers and those commissioning and using research.     

国内乡村聚落景观研究综述

摘要：从聚落景观研究入手,对国内乡村聚落景观研究的基础理论、研究内容、研究方法和技术以及综述聚落景观研究的主要流派等进行介绍,指出在研究方法上侧重于定性描述,采用定量分析研究少,没有形成一个很好的古村落景观研究的评价体系。     

Clarifying Integrative Research Concepts in Landscape Ecology

Integrative research approaches are intensely discussed in landscape ecology, in academia and in research policy. However, confusion over the terminology hampers communication. Many current landscape ecological research projects have difficulties to agree on a common understanding of the core concepts associated with different forms of integrative research. This is also evidenced by the lack of discussion of integrative research concepts in published papers. This hinders integration in research projects and makes the comparison and evaluation of the outcomes of different research concepts impossible. This paper discusses and defines the meanings of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (= integrative) research approaches to ease discourse on their application in landscape ecological research. It reviews definitions of the concepts found in the research literature and develops definitions of integrative and associated research concepts (disciplinarity, multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity) based on their degree of disciplinary integration and involvement of non-academics. Integrative concepts are viewed as a continuum rather than as fixed categories. The paper discusses the need to develop integrative theory and methods and argues that we should be more explicit when using integrative research concepts in project proposals, project work and publications. Finally, the paper reflects on the ongoing discussion in landscape ecology concerning whether it is developing from an integrative research field towards a discipline in its own right.     

Making ecological science policy-relevant: issues of scale and disciplinary integration

In this paper, we ask why so much ecological scientific research does not have a greater policy impact in the UK. We argue that there are two potentially important and related reasons for this failing. First, much current ecological science is not being conducted at a scale that is readily meaningful to policy-makers. Second, to make much of this research policy-relevant requires collaborative interdisciplinary research between ecologists and social scientists. However, the challenge of undertaking useful interdisciplinary research only re-emphasises the problems of scale: ecologists and social scientists traditionally frame their research questions at different scales and consider different facets of natural resource management, setting different objectives and using different language. We argue that if applied ecological research is to have greater impact in informing environmental policy, much greater attention needs to be given to the scale of the research efforts as well as to the interaction with social scientists. Such an approach requires an adjustment in existing research and funding infrastructures.     

食用菌菌渣理化性质及利用途径研究进展

为了促进食用菌菌渣的高效利用，在介绍食用菌菌渣理化性质的基础上，从食用菌栽培再利用及用作饲料、肥料、生态环境的修复材料等方面综述了食用菌菌渣利用途径的研究进展，指出菌渣利用中存在的理化性质研究薄弱、研究应用缺乏协作、应用性研究不足等问题，并提出发展建议，如加深基础研究；加强学科间的融合和行业间的合作；加强菌渣利用的应用研究等。综合来看，食用菌菌渣的高效应用前景广阔。     

Mapping research priorities for green and public urban space in the UK

Research mapping is a method of organising research information as part of a process of formulating a research policy in a specific area. A research mapping project was undertaken in the UK, which aimed to map existing and future research into public and green space, to identify gaps in order to help set priorities for future research, and to develop a freely accessible and searchable database of this research. The mapping was structured around two axes. The first axis was of research themes based on The Value of Public Space but developed further and broken down into sub-themes. The second axis was a typology of green and public space based around Planning and Policy Guidance Note 17 (PPG17) with elaboration from Green Spaces, Better Places. Research dating back to 10 years was collected together with information on recently completed, ongoing and planned UK research. Only research meeting specific quality criteria was included. Some information was also collected at a seminar where attendees from a range of organisations were invited to offer their perspectives on where research priorities should be directed. All the material was analysed and the main trends were identified. Three key cross-cutting themes common to much of the research were identified. These are the general lack of baseline surveys against which to assess progress over time; methodological issues, especially the need to standardise data collection methods and techniques; the classification of social groups, currently considered to be too crude.It was found that most research has been undertaken on physical aspects, such as planning and on biodiversity. Economic values have also been a focus, but on a smaller scale. Social research is quite well covered but very patchy. Management is better covered than maintenance. By far the weakest area represented in the research is health and well-being, both in terms of social groups and types of green space. Priorities for further research were then identified.     

Urban forest research in the Mediterranean: A systematic review

The Mediterranean region is facing many challenges, some of which can be addressed by nature-based solutions such as urban forests and green space. However, at best, urban forest research from Mediterranean countries has been only briefly addressed in review papers up to date. This Scopus-based review paper provides first insights into the development of urban forest research in the Mediterranean in the 20-year period from 1996 to 2015. The purpose of the review was to a) analyse distribution of urban forest research in the Mediterranean and identify countries that are forerunners based on the number of publications, b) to analyse distribution of research themes across the Mediterranean and per country, and hence point to research gaps and needs. Researchers from Italy, Turkey and Spain were the most productive in the analysed period. Research is mainly concentrated in the North, while it is scarce to non-existent in South and Eastern Mediterranean countries (excluding Turkey and Greece). Papers dealing with pollution, human health and sociocultural values were the most frequent. Some countries exhibited research specialisation with regard to certain themes. For instance Italian researchers mostly focused on topics related to pollution and urban forest management, the majority of Spanish papers addressed urban forests in the context of human health, while sociocultural values were the main research theme for researchers from Turkey. Papers were analysed also based on research methods, approaches and study locations. Suggested future research includes analysis of the quality of knowledge related to urban forests in the Mediterranean as well as of collaboration between researchers, research institutions and countries.     

荞麦芽苗研究的现状与展望

介绍国内外对养麦芽苗的营养价值及保健功能的研究现状，阐述了当前养麦芽苗在生产及开发利用方面的研究现状，在此基础上进一步分析了当前养麦芽苗研究存在的问题，并对今后的研究及开发利用提出了展望。