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为进一步完善社区自然资源管理和CBNRM方法的实施和推广,采用实地调查方法进行研究,结果表明:当地农业生产出现了女性化的趋势,这种趋势是由于农业低收入、农村女性劳动力受教育程度低等综合因素作用下产生的,它对当地农业和自然资源管理有一定的负面影响.针对农业女性化趋势及其产生的负面影响,提出了具体的应对策略. 相似文献
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社区为基础的自然资源管理(CBNRM)正在国际上成为自然资源管理和利用研究的趋势性的方法或分析路径.本文从CBNRM的含义、产生背景、实施优势、分析的概念框架、实施的主要经验和面临的挑战等方面总结了主要的研究和实践进展.文章特别概括了CBRNM中资源权属和获得途径、社区集体行动能力、生计空间和不同利益群体之间的伙伴关系等方面的问题和挑战.最后,文章综述了CBNRM在中国实践中的挑战,包括政府分权、对社区的财政支持、资源的权属安排、社区能力建设以及促进参与等. 相似文献
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CBNRM课程是中国农业大学农村发展管理方向的硕士研究生和博士研究生的主干课程.该课程坚持以缩小目前高等教育和中国农村发展的现实情况之间的差距为内容的创新定位.通过分析中国农业大学CBNRM课程创新成功的根本原因,得知该课程的创新定位和教学创新的核心思想是取得成功的关键因素;而领导力和组织凝聚力是成功的组织基础;整合内部资源、争取政策支持、在操作环节的实践中不断创新是成功的重要保障. 相似文献
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首先,介绍了我国生态友好型农业发展的背景,阐述了生态友好型农业与社区支持农业(CSA)的内涵、CSA的运作模式及其与生态友好型农业之间的耦合关系;然后分析了CSA的发展现状,归纳总结出目前存在的几种典型的CSA发展模式,并分析其发展过程中面临的各方面问题;最后,针对以上问题提出了社区支持农业的推广策略及相应的政策建议,以期为社区支持农业这一创新农业模式的建设、实施和推广提供理论借鉴. 相似文献
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城乡一体化促进了社区功能的转变,也迎来了社区管理的新挑战。推动社区管理创新要培育社区精英,鼓励居民参与,加强社区文化建设,并逐步推进社区管理的制度化和科学化,从而提升社区管理的质量。 相似文献
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张亮 《农业图书情报学刊》2020,32(10):94-101
[目的/意义]广泛开展景区社区图书馆阅读推广工作在提升国民素养、传播城市文明和实现地区文化旅游融合发展中能发挥重要作用。[方法/过程]笔者通过对岳阳楼区、君山区所辖九所景点社区图书馆进行调研,发现“景观亟需文化来充实”和社区阅读推广工作面临问题与机遇。笔者提出一种解决馆舍空间、人力资源不足难题的方法:依托社区现有条件,充分利用社区党员、党员活动室、社区景点等场所,来缓解社区阅读推广工作中人力资源、馆舍不足的困境正成为图书馆管理优化的重要举措。[结果/结论]社区是群众眼中的政府和党组织,图书馆应从更新服务理念、优化服务管理体系,拓展用户参与通道,激励包括社区党员在内的一切社会力量参与社区阅读推广工作。 相似文献
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贵州山区村级社区自然资源管理的参与性研究 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
贵州省是一个山地多、平地少,农业资源结构失衡,经济文化发展滞后的贫困省份。发展经济与保护资源环境之间的矛盾十分突出,尤其是在少数民族人口较为集中的贫困山区。本研究针对贵州省贫困山区资源利用管理中缺乏有效的管理机制、利用技术和当地社区足够的参与,采用参与性的资源利用管理方法,通过当地社区的积极参与,初步探索出一套实级社区水平上的资源利用与管理的机制、技术与方法,在合理利用山区资源发展经济的同时,有效地保护了当地的资源,实现了经济与环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
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The use of participatory methods has become increasingly popular in agricultural research and development and natural resource management. A range of approaches are being used at the grassroots level in order to involve local citizens and groups in projects. Many of these activities remain peripheral and isolated from conventional development agencies and policies. However, recent efforts are evolving to link participatory approaches into wider planning and policy-making processes and to increase the influence of such methods in resource management initiatives. Main lessons from these innovative participatory experiences in addressing policy issues for sustainable development are summarized. 相似文献
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Farmers have always played a key role in developing and testing agricultural technology. Scientist initiated agricultural research models and methods that explicitly include the participation of farmers principally have been developed and implemented in the Third World. Recently, these strategies have begun to receive attention in the US sustainable agriculture research community. This paper presents a case study where scientists collaborated with farmers in developing, implementing, and revising research in peach insect pest management in sustainable agroecosystems in California. A theoretical framework constructed from emerging epistemological and philosophical premises is used to point out the imperative of including participatory strategies in US sustainable agriculture. Methods drawn from Rapid Rural Appraisal were adapted to fit the local circumstances of working within intensive peach production systems and with a US farmer or ganization, California Clean Growers Association, in developing a research agenda. Farmer-scientist participation continued throughout the research implementation phases via individual and group meetings. A mid-project workshop provided a forum where farmers had explicit decision-making power over the course of the research project. Selected natural science research results are presented to illustrate the value of merging farmers' and scientists' knowledge in achieving relevant and scientifically interesting information. It is argued that the adoption and innovation of participatory research strategies in US sustainable agriculture will require confronting philosophical and methodological issues at individual and institutional levels. 相似文献
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Public extension services play a key role in the implementation of strategies for rural development based on the sustainable management of natural resources. However, the sector suffers from restricted financial and human resources. Using experiences from participatory action research, a strategy for rural extension in the Amazon was defined to increase the efficiency and the relevance of external support for local resource users. This strategy considered activities initiated and coordinated by local people. Short-term facilitation visits provided continuous external support for the purpose of establishing locally based planning and learning mechanisms. In collaboration with the municipality of Muaná in the Eastern Amazon, the strategy was tested in two traditional communities – Monte Moriat and Boa Esperança. Both communities recognized as most important the need to reduce their dependence on açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), the principal source of food and income. This forest resource has been overexploited, seriously affecting açaí stands and diminishing the forest benefits fundamental for survival. Two local groups decided to raise chickens as a way to reduce nutritional problems and as an alternative source of income. Supported by monthly, short-term planning and evaluation visits, the groups managed to achieve significant progress in their endeavor. The groups identified (1) the control of decision-making and information, and (2) the absence of external obligations to be the greatest advantages of the development initiative. The study confirmed the potential of participatory strategies for public extension in the Amazon. Special attention was given to realistically define the role of forests for local development. However, drastic measures are necessary to smooth the way for real participation in governmental and non-governmental organizations acting in the Brazilian Amazon. 相似文献
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实施农机购置补贴政策,极大地调动了贫困山区农民购买农业机械的积极性,为推进新农村建设,构建和谐社会,为农业的科技进步和可持续发展起到了积极的促进作用。受区域自然环境和经济条件制约,各地农机购置补贴项目实施的效应和障碍不尽相同。论述了商洛山区农机购置补贴项目实施现状,分析了贫困山区实施农机购置补贴政策项目后产生的直接效应和障碍,提出了国家和省(市)对不同区域特别是贫困山区的农机购置补贴政策要予以区别对待的政策建议。 相似文献
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With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress. 相似文献
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脱贫攻坚是贫困地区实施乡村振兴战略的基础,推进乡村振兴也有利于从根上改变贫困地区的面貌和促进贫困地区的发展。在乡村振兴的起始阶段,如何将脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接,建立可持续脱贫的长效机制意义深远。脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴应在战略、责任、政策、工作四个层面有效衔接,要重视战略部署和规划,坚持将“精准”思维同时贯穿两个战略,充分吸纳脱贫攻坚中具有实效的体制机制,政策上要做好绝对贫困与相对贫困、“扶贫减贫”与“惠农支农”的衔接;在工作上全力推进产业发展,壮大农村集体经济,加大农村基础设施、人才队伍、乡风文明建设,以乡村振兴巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,以脱贫攻坚夯实乡村振兴的基础。 相似文献