中草药对新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究中草药对新城疫弱毒苗产生的免疫调节作用,将90只健康肉鸡随机分为3组(对照组、试验I组、试验II组),对照组正常饮水,试验I组、试验II组分别在饮水中添加中草药方剂50 mg/L和100 mg/L,通过测定新城疫抗体效价和免疫器官指数,比较分析中草药方剂对新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响。试验结果显示,在新城疫抗体效价、腔上囊指数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数方面,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组相比,差异均显著(P0.05),且试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间差异显著(P0.05)。试验结果表明,饮水中添加50 mg/L和100 mg/L中草药均能够增加新城疫抗体效价和免疫器官指数,增强新城疫疫苗的免疫效果。     

对药物治愈传染性法氏囊病的鸡群接种新城疫疫苗方式的效果观察

对使用黄芪等药物治愈传染性法氏囊病(IBD)后的鸡群进行新城疫免疫试验.通过对新城疫IV系疫苗滴鼻点眼、肌注油乳剂灭活苗和新城疫IV系疫苗滴鼻点眼与肌注油乳剂灭活苗联合应用3种免疫方法所产生抗体水平的比较,认为经过药物治愈IBD后的鸡群,采用新城疫弱毒苗与油苗联合应用的免疫方法效果最好.     

复方免疫活性因子增强雏鸡体液免疫作用机理的研究

本研究对健康雏鸡7日龄免疫前12h按照分组分别使用免疫活性因子和生理盐水,然后以新城疫IV系弱毒苗点眼滴鼻,分别在新城疫IV系冻干苗免疫后7、14、21d,心脏采血,采用HI法检测新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,应用免疫活性因子及新城疫疫苗后各试验组7d抗体水平明显升高,14及21d抗体水平大大高于单用ND疫苗组,经t值检验,试验组与对照组组间差异显著(P≤0.05),试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果提示免疫活性因子是一种很有前途的生物免疫增强剂。     

LT粘膜佐剂对鸡新城疫疫苗的免疫增强作用研究

研究大肠杆菌热敏性肠毒素突变体蛋白(heat-labile enterotoxin,LTRG)对鸡新城疫(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)疫苗经不同途径接种效果的影响.以NDV LaSota株作为共免疫原,与LTRG重组蛋白经滴鼻、口服及肌肉注射三种途径接种雏鸡,通过血清IgG抗体、HI抗体及粘膜分泌型IgA抗体水平变化,评价不同途径接种LTRG对NDV疫苗的免疫效果的影响.结果显示:①三种途径接种,LTRG均能显著增强NDV疫苗的免疫抗体水平,免疫雏鸡血清抗体和粘膜抗体水平均高于NDV疫苗单独免疫组;②LTRG对NDV疫苗免疫增强作用,以滴鼻接种最显著:二、三免后LTRG+NDV滴鼻组与NDV组血清IgG、粘膜IgA差异均显著(P＜0.01、P＜0.05);LTRG+NDV口服与NDV组血清IgG差异不显著(P＞0.05)、粘膜IgA差异板显著(P＜0.01);LTRG+NDV肌注与NDV组IgG差异不显著(P＞0.05)、粘膜IgA差异显著(P＜0.05);③三种免疫途径比较:血清IgG抗体水平差异均不明显(P＞0.05);滴鼻、口服免疫可诱导雏鸡产生较高的粘膜IgA抗体、血清HI抗体.由此可见:LTRG粘膜佐剂对NDV疫苗免疫增强作用,以粘膜(滴鼻、口服)途径接种效果最为显著,能诱导高水平的粘膜IgA抗体及血清抗体.     

黄芪多糖对新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

将90只7日龄AA白羽肉鸡随机分成对照组、0.05%黄芪多糖组、0.1%黄芪多糖组,共计3个处理组,分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.05%、0.10%黄芪多糖,通过测定新城疫抗体水平,比较分析添加不同水平黄芪多糖对新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响。试验结果表明,在疫苗免疫后14 d和28 d,与对照组相比较,0.05%黄芪多糖组和0.10%黄芪多糖组的新城疫抗体水平(log2)均显著提高。在疫苗免疫后28 d,与0.05%黄芪多糖组相比较,0.10%黄芪多糖组的新城疫抗体水平(log2)显著提高(P<0.05)。说明不同添加水平的黄芪多糖均能改善新城疫疫苗的免疫效果,且以0.10%添加水平的作用效果最佳。     

不同免疫途径对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

为探讨不同免疫接种途径对鸡新城疫(ND)弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响,我们将健康1日龄海兰蛋公鸡雏鸡(48只)随机分为滴鼻免疫组、肌肉注射免疫组、后海穴常规剂量免疫组和后海穴半剂量免疫组,每组12只.分别于第14日龄和28日龄接种新城疫IV系弱毒苗(LaSota株)1羽份/只,后海穴半剂量免疫组接种0.5羽份/只.分别于免疫前和免疫后7、14、21d和28d称重,无菌操作采血,分离血清,检测血清中的血凝抑制效价(HI).结果显示:与常规途径免疫组相比,后海穴常规剂量免疫组和后海穴半剂量免疫组可显著增强鸡血清NDV特异性HI效价(P＜0.05),且显著提高试验鸡只的日增重(P＜0.05);滴鼻免疫组与肌肉注射免疫组相比,虽然增加了HI效价,但统计学比较差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果说明后海穴接种鸡新城疫疫苗可显著提高鸡血清NDV的HI效价,提高鸡生产性能,同时节约疫苗用量.     

复方免疫活性因子对新城疫疫苗免疫增强作用的研究

本研究对健康雏鸡7日龄免疫前12小时按照分组分别使用免疫活性因子和生理盐水,然后以新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗点眼滴鼻,分别在新城疫Ⅳ系冻干苗免疫后7、14、21d,心脏采血,采用HI法检测新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,应用免疫活性因子及新城疫疫苗后各试验组7d抗体水平明显升高,14及21d抗体水平大大高于单用ND疫苗组,经t值检验,试验组与对照组组间差异显著(P<0.05)熏试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果提示免疫活性因子是一种很有前途的生物免疫增强剂。     

禽流感—新城疫重组二联苗免疫途径筛选试验

本试验选用禽流感一新城疫重组二联苗采取肌注、饮水、喷雾、滴鼻、点眼等免疫途径，对某鸡场90日龄左右的鸡进行两次免疫接种，同时观察其免疫副反应，免疫后间隔21天，采血检测禽流感、新城疫的抗体水平，根据检测结果，对禽流感一新城疫重组二联苗不同的免疫途径所产生的不同效果进行表述，供本地区推广该疫苗时选择免疫途径作参考。     

采用不同的免疫方法对鸡新城疫活疫苗免疫效果的对比分析

本文采用滴鼻法、饮水法、肌肉注射法对我县某养鸡场饲养鸡进行了鸡新城疫活疫苗免疫,经21天后采用血凝—血凝抑制试验检测免疫抗体,筛选出最佳免疫方法。结果表明:滴鼻法免疫鸡新城疫活疫苗后免疫抗体群体合格率为80%;饮水法免疫鸡新城疫活疫苗后免疫抗体群体合格率为55%;肌肉注射法免疫鸡新城疫活疫苗后免疫抗体群体合格率为35%;滴鼻法免疫鸡新城疫活疫苗后抗体水平最高,饮水法次之,肌注法最低。     

不同水平新城疫循环抗体对不同疫苗免疫的影响

鸡体内的抗体按其来源分为两种，即被动获得的抗体-母源抗体和主动获得的抗体-疫苗免疫后刺激机体产生的抗体(即循环抗体)。关于体内抗体对疫苗免疫的影响不同学者持不同的观点，这就给生产中免疫程序的制订带来困难。为了进一步探讨这一问题以便指导生产，本试验选择了具有不同水平新城疫循环抗体的成年鸡，采用不同的新城疫疫苗进行免疫，以观察其对疫苗免疫的影响，结果为：不同水平的新城疫循环抗体对不同疫苗免疫的影响没有显著差异。报告如下。 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验动物 50日龄健康海兰褐母鸡140只、非免疫公鸡2只(供采血用)。 1.2 新城疫疫苗 LaSota疫苗(中国兽药监察所提供)、Ⅰ系疫苗(北京生药厂生产)、油佐剂疫苗(山东农科院SPF鸡研究中心生产)。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.