3种料型对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究料型对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,以相同基础日粮不同料型对断奶仔猪进行饲养试验。将132头仔猪设置为3个试验区组,分别含有48、48和36头仔猪,每区组内仔猪分为对照组、试验一组和试验二组,分别饲喂粉状饲料、颗粒饲料和湿拌饲料,比较对仔猪的饲喂效果。结果表明:不同料型明显影响断奶仔猪生长性能,可提高仔猪日增质量且降低病死率,湿拌饲料和颗粒饲料优于粉状饲料,且湿拌饲料比颗粒饲料更具优势。饲喂湿拌饲料应使用无死角食槽及分顿饲喂方法,避免饲料酸败或霉变导致损失。     

粥料饲喂对育成猪生长性能的影响

试验抽取均重稳定的猪群,分别进行保育和育肥试验,对照组采用自动干料槽饲喂,试验组采用武汉中畜智联科技有限公司的粥料饲喂机,以期了解粥料饲喂对断奶仔猪至育肥猪各阶段生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,采用粥料饲养的猪群较干料饲喂组猪群生长性能有明显提升,主要表现为采食量提高、料肉比降低、成活率提高。     

不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对断奶仔猪早期生长性能及免疫的影响

为探究不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对断奶仔猪早期生长性能及免疫性能的影响,试验选取28日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪72头,按平均体重相近似、公母各半的原则分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏猪,每栏公母各3头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组1饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁A,试验组2饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁B,试验期为14 d。结果显示：各试验组的断奶仔猪平均日增重（ADG）较对照组略高,料重比（F/G）较对照组略低,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）|试验组1的仔猪腹泻率较对照组下降69.83%,差异显著（P ＜ 0.05%）,试验组2的仔猪腹泻率较对照组下降25.14%,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）|试验组2的猪血清中球蛋白含量较对照组高36.9%,差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）,试验组1的猪血清中球蛋白较对照组高19.48%,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,添加2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁A对缓解断奶仔猪早期腹泻效果最佳,添加2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁B,提升断奶仔猪早期免疫性能效果最佳。 [关键词] 酿酒酵母细胞壁|断奶仔猪|生长性能|免疫性能|腹泻率     

营养水平对仔猪断奶综合征的影响

试验选取杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪.试验组饲喂5008配合日粮.对照组饲喂5000配合日粮.针对仔猪断奶综合征的表现特征,分别测定各组猪生长性能和腹泻率等指标.试验结果表明,饲粮中合有高水平的蛋白质及能量对断奶仔猪有促生长作用,可缓解仔猪断奶综合征的发生.     

不同饲喂方式对保育猪生长性能的影响及经济效益分析

为研究干料饲喂与湿料饲喂对保育猪生长性能及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重约8~9 kg、健康的大约克仔猪120头,随机分为干料饲喂组和湿料饲喂组,每组公母比例相同,分为6个栏,每栏10头猪进行饲喂。干料饲喂组猪只断奶转入保育舍后,用干料自动食槽投喂,自由采食,自由饮水。湿料饲喂组猪只采用智能保育食槽,在下料同时配给一定量的水进行饲喂,自由饮水。试验期20 d。结果表明,湿料饲喂可提高保育猪生长速度,降低腹泻率,其试验期日增重为352.60 g,料重比为1.21;每千克增重成本为7.25元,较干料饲喂组低1.89元,经济效益明显。     

液态饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究液态饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用60头断奶仔猪,按体重相近、性别一致的原则随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验期47 d,饲喂相同的全价颗粒饲料,对照组采用常规干料自动下料器,试验组采用液体饲喂系统。结果显示:试验组猪只的末重比对照组高4.52 kg(P0.05),日增重比对照组高0.10 kg(P0.05),日采食量比对照组高0.13 kg(P0.05),料重比比对照组降低0.05(P0.05),发病率比对照组降低6.67个百分点(P0.05)。     

发酵饲料对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响及经济效益分析

为了弄清以湿豆渣为主的发酵饲料对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响,选取胎次、体重相近的杜×长×大经产母猪20头,随机分为2个处理,每个处理10头猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,为干拌料;试验组饲喂添加了发酵饲料的湿拌料。结果表明,相比于对照组,试验组仔猪出生窝重、断奶仔猪头数和断奶窝重显著增加(P0.05),母猪窝产健仔数有相对增加的趋势(0.05P0.10);相比于对照组,试验组经产母猪耗料与医疗费用明显降低,仔猪试验组耗料费用比对照组高,试验组仔猪医疗费用比对照组减少8元/头,总成本降低了122.8元。试验组断奶仔猪头数与母猪年产胎数比对照组相对较高,总收益相对提高了578.83元。由此可见,以湿豆渣为主的发酵饲料饲喂经产母猪,可以提高养殖效益。     

熟化软颗粒教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

为研究熟化软颗粒教槽料对仔猪断奶前后生长性能及腹泻率的影响,试验选用8窝(共计84头)15日龄仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂同配方的粉状教槽料和软颗粒教槽料,每个组4个重复,每个重复1窝猪;试验分为两个阶段,分别为断奶前10d和断奶后5d,即15~25日龄和26~30日龄,仔猪在25日龄断奶。结果表明:在15~25日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较对照组无明显差异,平均日采食量(ADFI)增加了40.90%;在26~30日龄阶段,试验组ADG较对照组增加了12.21%,ADFI增加了34.41%;整个试验期,试验组ADFI较对照组增加了35.12%,ADG无明显差异,试验组的腹泻率也低于对照组;在仔猪断奶前后的3d,试验组的ADG和ADFI均高于对照组。综上,软颗粒教槽料在仔猪断奶后前期可有效地提高其采食量和日增重。     

肠道营养保健剂对弱僵猪生长性能、免疫机能及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究肠道营养保健剂通过改善弱僵猪肠道功能,提高弱僵猪的生产性能的作用机制。选取30日龄杜长大三元杂交断奶弱僵猪80头,随机分为2个组(每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪),对照组饲喂清水与基础饲粮按照2∶1比例配制成的粥拌料;试验组饲喂肠道营养保健剂水溶液(1 kg/100 kg水)与基础饲粮按照2∶1比例配制成的粥拌料。试验期为21 d,并于试验第15天屠宰取样。结果表明:在试验1~7 d,肠道营养保健剂显著提高了弱僵猪的平均日增体质量(P<0.05),降低料重比;在8~21 d,显著降低了腹泻率和死亡率(P<0.05);肠道营养保健剂能显著降低白球比和尿素氮(P<0.05)含量,提高血清球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG质量浓度(P>0.05)及肝脏和脾脏指数(P<0.05);肠道营养保健剂能降低弱僵猪胃pH值,提高胃蛋白酶的活性(P>0.05)。由此可见,肠道营养保健剂能提高弱僵猪的采食量、胃蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性、增强免疫机能、减少腹泻率和死淘率,从而提高了弱僵猪的生长性能。     

生脉散对断奶仔猪生长性能影响的研究

为了观察复方中药生脉散对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选取21日龄健康断奶仔猪72头,随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加0.5%阿莫西林,试验Ⅱ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上添加0.5%生脉散。结果表明:2个试验组的平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);2个试验组的料肉比和腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,生脉散组的平均日增重提高了30.88%,料肉比降低了13.07%。说明生脉散能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,增强抗病力,达到了促进生长发育、降低料肉比的效果。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.