云南中亚热带禾本科高产饲草引种试验

在云南中亚热带试验点,对8个禾本科饲草栽培种进行引种栽培试验,结果表明:墨西哥类玉米、8493墨西哥类玉米、大力士甜高粱、先锋高丹草和M-8IE甜高粱5个栽培种干物质产量高,适应性强,适宜在相似气候条件地区推广种植。     

大理地区几种青贮牧草产量及营养成分评价分析

在大理州巍山和洱源县种植高丹草3901、甜高粱大力士、甜高粱3701、墨西哥玉米4个品种牧草,记录乳熟期生育天数,刈割两茬测定鲜草、干物质产量及干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷含量。结果显示,在巍山种植的高丹草3901鲜草产量可达154.6t/hm2,干物质产量可达26.71t/hm2,干物质含量可达23.38%,粗蛋白含量可达9.76%,生育期日产干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙、磷在4个牧草中都是最高的。综合评价,在大理州内推荐种植的品种优先顺序为:高丹草3901、甜高粱3701、甜高粱大力士。墨西哥玉米的鲜草产量和营养成分均不具优势,在洱源种植的一茬后就死亡,在巍山种植的第二茬死亡,说明墨西哥玉米不适宜在大理州内种植。     

耐盐牧草对南疆地区盐渍土的适应和改良研究

以4种耐盐碱牧草(紫花苜蓿、苏丹草、美国饲用甜高粱和墨西哥玉米)为研究对象,采用生物防治盐碱化方法来分析其对南疆地区盐碱化土壤改良的可行性,以期为改良利用盐渍土壤提供理论基础。结果表明,墨西哥玉米对南疆盐渍土的改良最为显著(P<0.05),其农艺性状和产草量也最佳;其次是紫花苜蓿,其抗逆性强、生产性能较好、营养丰富、经济价值高以及兼有固氮和提高土壤肥力等优点,使其成为改良南疆盐渍土合适的选择。在南疆盐渍区形成以墨西哥玉米和紫花苜蓿为主,美国饲用甜高粱和苏丹草为辅的种植模式,可有效地降低土壤盐分。     

五种高禾草在闽北地区生产性状和营养品质的比较

2年试验结果表明,象草、南牧一号、杂交狼尾草、墨西哥类玉米、青贮玉米5种高禾草新植的当年鲜草每亩产量分别为13800、12963、12030、10911、7170kg,第二年的产量每亩分别为14848、14108、13280、10999、6850kg。叶茎比分别为南牧一号1:1.50、杂交狼尾草1:2.33、墨西哥类玉米1:2.39、象草1:2.63、青贮玉米1:3.35。5种牧草的营养品质和适口性依次为南牧一号、墨西哥类玉米、青贮玉米、杂交狼尾草、象草。5种牧草皆适宜在闽北栽培,其多年生的象草、南牧一号、杂交狼尾草皆能在保护措施下安全越冬。     

不同品种玉米和甜高粱的产能比较

为推动"粮改饲",提高种养效益,本研究比较了4个玉米(Zea mays)品种和4个甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种的产能,以期筛选出适合在我国关中地区推广种植的高产优良青贮品种.结果表明,种间或品种间的农艺性状和产能均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中玉米生长期为99～116 d,甜高粱为124～175 d;玉米的叶片数约为14片,甜高粱为8～23片;玉米株高为225.8～281.5 cm,甜高粱为165.3～338.8 cm;玉米青贮产量为40.2～83.9 t·hm?2,甜高粱为35.6～125.3 t·hm?2;玉米干物质产量为12.0～25.1 t·hm?2,甜高粱为10.7～37.7 t·hm?2.产量最高的玉米品种为'D B 08',甜高粱为'极光',比对照籽粒型玉米品种'强盛58'分别增产了84.5％和211.6％.营养分析发现,玉米和甜高粱的粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分和无氮浸出物等营养物质种间或品种间均存在差异,且各单一最优营养指标并不聚集于同一品种中.综合考虑青贮产量和反刍动物营养需求,本研究建议选择玉米'DB08'和甜高粱'极光'作为青贮饲料在关中地区进行推广种植.     

不同品种玉米和甜高粱的产能比较

为推动"粮改饲",提高种养效益,本研究比较了4个玉米(Zea mays)品种和4个甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)品种的产能,以期筛选出适合在我国关中地区推广种植的高产优良青贮品种。结果表明,种间或品种间的农艺性状和产能均存在显著差异(P 0.05),其中玉米生长期为99～116 d,甜高粱为124～175 d;玉米的叶片数约为14片,甜高粱为8～23片;玉米株高为225.8～281.5 cm,甜高粱为165.3～338.8 cm;玉米青贮产量为40.2～83.9 t·hm~(-2),甜高粱为35.6～125.3 t·hm~(-2);玉米干物质产量为12.0～25.1 t·hm~(-2),甜高粱为10.7～37.7 t·hm~(-2)。产量最高的玉米品种为‘DB08’,甜高粱为‘极光’,比对照籽粒型玉米品种‘强盛58’分别增产了84.5%和211.6%。营养分析发现,玉米和甜高粱的粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分和无氮浸出物等营养物质种间或品种间均存在差异,且各单一最优营养指标并不聚集于同一品种中。综合考虑青贮产量和反刍动物营养需求,本研究建议选择玉米‘DB08’和甜高粱‘极光’作为青贮饲料在关中地区进行推广种植。     

豫南大别山区牧草引种试验

在豫南大别山区,对5个牧草品种(百胜杂交狼尾草,海牛甜高粱,标兵高丹草,杰宝杂交苏丹草,美利达墨西哥类玉米)进行引种试验,以筛选出高产、优质牧草为"粮改饲"及草牧业发展提供适宜种植牧草品种。通过生育期观测、干草产量测定及营养成分分析,对所引品种进行评价。结果表明:海牛甜高粱生育期最长,为148 d,其鲜草产量、干草产量以及粗蛋白产量最高,分别为151.23 t/hm~2、33.27 t/hm~2和3 455.50 kg/hm~2,均显著高于其他品种(P0.05)。海牛甜高粱高产、质优,可在豫南大别山区推广种植。     

裹包青贮甜高粱饲喂羔羊育肥效果试验报告

笔者以青贮甜高粱、全贮玉米、全贮玉米秸秆50%+马铃薯粉渣50%为原料,设置3个处理开展裹包青贮甜高粱饲喂羔羊育肥效果试验。结果表明,裹包青贮甜高粱,裹包全贮玉米和3种饲草混合饲喂育肥羔羊平均日增质量分别为0.0963 kg/d、0.1010 kg/d和0.1312 kg/d,用SPSS Statistics 22.0统计软件进行方差分析,育肥效果差异不显著(P0.05)。但从甜高粱自身经济效益来看,每667 m2(1亩)产鲜草量可达7 t~8 t,较全株玉米产量提高2 t左右。由此来看,甜高粱用于青贮饲料生产,能有效填补定西市肉羊产业发展对优质饲草料的需求。同时,随着甜高粱种植面积的扩大,可以有效降低饲草料成本,增加经济效益。因此,甜高粱在定西市养殖生产中值得大力推广种植。     

墨西哥多穗玉米引种试验初报

<正> 墨西哥多穗玉米,(学名:EuChlaenamexicana Schrad),又名墨西哥饲用玉米,大刍草、水牛草。系一生禾本科类蜀黍属的一种高大草本植物。原产中美洲的墨西哥。加勒比群岛至阿根廷,有广泛栽培,美国、日本、印度、巴基斯坦等地,也相继引入,并成为这些地区著名的栽培饲草之一。1980年引入我国。我站1984年春引种。一年实践表明:该品种在第四纪红壤岗地上,生长很好。表现分蘖力强,再生性好,产量高,营养丰富,适口性好。     

墨西哥玉米牧草和皇竹草地膜覆盖栽培试验

通过地膜覆盖与未覆盖栽培,对牧草进行多茬次增产试验。结果表明,墨西哥玉米牧草和皇竹草栽培覆盖地膜均可刈割8茬次,比未覆盖地膜多增加刈割3次;墨西哥玉米牧草A组比B组增产65.84%,差异极显著;皇竹草A组比B组增产33.85%,差异显著;墨西哥玉米牧草A组比皇竹草A组增产14.55%,差异显著。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.