春季高森林火险前期降水气象条件分析

基于1971—1987年森林火险气象资料,分析了春防前期火险等级距平与降水比较,发现秋雨冬雪与春防期关系密切。这样在做春防期火险等级次数多少时,须考虑前期降水量。     

内蒙古草原火险等级短期预报研究

利用EOS/MODIS数据和内蒙古不同类型草地枯草期野外实测可燃物月动态数据,建立枯草期遥感估测模型。在此基础上,选择积雪覆盖、可燃物重量、草地连续度、日降水量、日最小相对湿度、日最高气温、日最大风速等7个指标,采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,构建草原火险指数,建立草原火险等级短期预报模型。应用模型可将内蒙古草原的火险状态划分为不燃、难燃、可燃、易燃、极易燃5级,并对火险做出短期预报。利用数据抽样回代检验方法对草原火险等级短期预报进行精度检验,检验结果为落区预报准确率达96.42%,预报结果与实际基本相符,可以用于内蒙古草原火险短期预报的实际应用。     

“拉尼娜”将影响春夏气候

据《瞭望》新闻周刊报道:中国气象局负责人说,据国家气候中心的最新预测,这次拉尼娜事件会持续到今年夏季前,将给我国带来北方地区沙尘暴天气偏多、干旱及森林火险等级偏高、夏季出现区域性洪涝几率增加等气象灾害。     

"拉尼娜"将影响春夏气候

据《瞭望》新闻周刊报道：中国气象局负责人说，据国家气候中心的最新预测，这次拉尼娜事件会持续到今年夏季前，将给我国带来北方地区沙尘暴天气偏多、干旱及森林火险等级偏高、夏季出现区域性洪涝几率增加等气象灾害。     

“草原防火气象信息显示系统”开通

自9月下旬起,我国进入了今年的秋季草原重点防火期,为提升草原火险气象预报服务的能力,提高森林草原防火、扑火的气象服务保障水平,为草原防扑火指挥提供基本的辅助决策,中国气象局开通了“草原防火气象信息显示系统”。该系统能够实时展示草原火险区划、火点卫星监测、火险气象预报、火情监测图像以及其他火险服务文档。     

浅析民航京沪穗气象数值预报系统的软件设计与实现

京沪穗气象数值预报系统是在北京、上海、广州三地分别建设有限区域数值预报系统,预报范围分别覆盖首都与环渤海区域、长江三角洲区域、珠江三角洲与琼州海峡区域,并针对三地机场周边区域作精细化数值预报。本系统所提出建设的航空气象数值预报系统采取多尺度通用、模块化、支持多重双向嵌套、适合高性能并行计算规则的主流预报模式,并辅以技术成熟的三维变分同化(3DVAR)、气象资料质量控制等前处理手段,以及航空气象指导和咨询决策服务产品制作、模式性能检验功能、历史天气过程的回报与模拟诊断功能、预报产品的实时发布等后处理手段,包括相应的系统自动真挫和应急备份等功能。本文主要介绍系统的总体设计、功能设计与软件部署。     

玛可河林区人工增雨(雪)效果评价

自2015年12月起班玛县玛可河林区开展了人工增雨(雪)作业,为验证增雨(雪)效果,提升班玛冬春季森林防火气象服务,本文采用多种统计分析方法,如区域历史回归法、序列分析法和气候统计学,对2016~2021年玛可河林区人工增雨(雪)效果进行了客观定量的评估,以确定作业点目标区与对比区雨量点差值,从而更好地评估人工增雨(雪)作业的效果。经分析得出,序列分析法显示出相对增雨率高达72.4%,效果显著;气候统计学分析显示,降水量整体比历年偏多38.5%;区域历史回归法表明,作业期间降水量增加了6.5 mm,相对增雨率为29.1%。这三种方法表明玛可河林区森林防火人工增雨(雪)作业效果显著,有助于降低森林火险等级。通过增加土壤水分,进而起到改变森林生态环境的积极作用。     

基于多普勒天气雷达的民航气象监测与临近预报系统

航空气象对航空飞行安全、准点有着至关重要的影响,本文首先对多普勒天气雷达主要产品和临近预报技术进行介绍,然后介绍了基于多普勒天气雷达的民航气象监测与临近预报系统的主要功能。     

草原火险区划初探

草原火险区划是依据草原火燃烧系统各主导因素和条件 ,将草原区划分为不同等级潜在的发生草原火能力的区域范围。草原火险区划的主要依据包括可燃物量 (牧草 )及其含水量、可燃物的连续性、可燃物细碎度以及可燃物 (牧草 )的高度。同时要考虑风速风向、空气湿度和土壤温度以及坡度等自然影响因素。本文在综合分析研究草原可燃物特征及其环境条件的基础上 ,将内蒙古自治区划分为无、低、中和高 4个草原火险区。     

浅谈森林抚育的几点建议

森林抚育又称林分抚育,是指从造林起到成熟龄以前的森林培育过程中,为保证幼林成活,促进林木生长,改善林木组成和品质及提高森林生产率所采取的各项措施。目前,大量的天然次生林生长过密,林内目的树种更新困难,中幼龄林木生长不良,自然枯损严重,病虫危害时有发生,森林火险等级高,林木生长缓慢,林分的质量和效益低下。人工林也存在初植密度过高。林场森林资源的总体情况出现了保护有余,抚育管理不足问题表现严重。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.