鸡马立克氏病肿瘤组织端粒酶活性的测定

用鸡马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）京－１株血毒对２日龄ＳＰＦ鸡攻毒，４０ｄ后剖杀取部分内脏组织，一部分做病理切片，发现有肿瘤细胞浸润者判定为阳性；另一部分组织利用ＴＲＡＰ（Ｔｅｌｏｍｅｒｉｃ ｒｅｐｅａｔ ｍａｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌ）法进行端粒酶活性测定。结果发现有肿瘤细胞浸润的肾、肝、脾、神经、卵巢、精巢等组织细胞端粒活性非常高，且其阳性率与肿瘤细胞浸润的阳性率吻合。     

应用实时荧光定量PCR测定牛体细胞端粒长度

本研究为了验证应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（quantitative PCR,Q-PCR）测定牛基因组端粒长度的可行性,选取18个不同来源牛耳成纤维细胞抽提基因组DNA为样本,对Q-PCR和经典的Southern印迹法进行了相关性分析。结果显示,Q-PCR测定端粒长度相对T/S为1.16±0.24,Southern印迹法测量端粒平均TRF值为16.99 kb±0.85 kb,两种方法获得的结果相关性分析R2=0.5612(P＜0.01),因此实时荧光定量PCR是一种测定牛基因组端粒长度的可靠的方法。     

克隆动物的端粒长度研究进展

端粒是真核染色体分子末端的DNA区域,是由重复的DNA序列和端粒结合蛋白形成的DNA-蛋白复合物,对于染色体的复制和稳定起着重要作用。近年来研究结果表明,端粒长度的缩短与人类疾病和衰老密切相关。同时,体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT)作为一种有效的无性生殖手段,越来越多的在科研和生产中得到应用。由于体细胞核移植通常采用体细胞作为核供体细胞,因而供体细胞的端粒长度、核移植后重组胚的端粒在胚胎早期是否会被修复、端粒长度是否有变化等问题,对于研究克隆动物的重编程、发育生物学都有着重要的指导意义。作者将对端粒的结构和端粒长度的机理研究、在克隆哺乳动物中对端粒长度的探索研究,以及近几年来关于端粒方面的一些研究进展加以阐述。     

马立克病毒感染鸡端粒酶活性的研究

对1日龄非免疫鸡分别接种马立克病病毒(MDV)Ⅰ型国际标准强毒GA株、国内标准强毒京-1株及Ⅰ型MDV疫苗毒CVl988株后第5d起，用改进的TRAP法和Bandscan软件测定分析、计算感染过程中鸡外周血淋巴细胞(PBMC)的端粒酶活性。结果，自接种MDV Ⅰ型强毒GA株和京-1株后，在鸡尚未出现临床症状和可视病变之前端粒酶就可被检测到，并且随着感染鸡日龄的增加逐渐升高，分别在20～25日龄时其相对活力达到最高值；接种MDV CV1988后，整个试验期端粒酶活性均呈阴性。试验结果表明，MDV CV1988疫苗株具有较可靠的免疫效果，PBMC端粒酶活性与马立克病的发病进程具有一定的相关性。     

长寿老人炎症水平低

正日本庆应义塾大学百寿综合研究中心和英国纽卡斯尔大学公布的一项研究发现:长寿老人体内的炎症水平较低,且端粒较长。研究人员以684名百岁老人及其536名85~99岁高龄家属为对象,检测分析了他们的造血、代谢、肝肾功能以及细胞老化(端粒体长度)等生化指标,从中发现两个共同特征,即端粒体更长和体内不容易发炎。随着年岁增长,那些长寿老人与普通老人相比,端粒体能保持更长的长度,他们80来岁时的端粒体长度与60来岁时的平均长度相等。同时,在     

小鼠卵母细胞及体细胞核移植重构早期端粒酶活性的测定

采用端粒酶重复序列扩增(telomeric repeat amplification protocol,TRAP)-银染法,对小鼠卵母细胞、体内受精胚胎及重构胚的各阶段端粒酶活性进行测定,对PCR产物的电泳条带进行灰度值分析,计算端粒酶总产品总量。结果表明:(1)体内受精胚胎及核移植重构胚各阶段的端粒酶活性随胚胎分裂呈上升趋势,囊胚期最高(P0.05);(2)体内受精胚胎的端粒酶活性高于体细胞核移植重构胚端粒酶活性。同时进行囊胚计数并测定单卵裂球相对端粒酶活性,结果表明:单卵裂球的端粒酶活性呈下降趋势,囊胚期端粒酶活性最低(P0.05)。以上结果说明小鼠卵母细胞及体细胞核移植重构胚端粒酶活性变化与细胞发育水平及细胞发育全能性有关。     

板蓝根多糖抗小鹅瘟病毒的作用

在鹅胚内用板蓝根多糖(IRPS)作直接杀毒和阻断感染试验,对鹅胚尿囊液中小鹅瘟病毒(GPV)含量、鹅胚存活时间、存活率、病变和免疫组化进行测定。结果显示,40μg/胚IRPS阻断感染组,GPV接种后72h ELISA检测为阳性的尿囊液最高稀释倍数23;鹅胚平均存活时间192h;存活率6/6;胚体肉眼观察未见病变;切片镜检可见肝、肾轻度淤血和细胞变性,心、脑轻度淤血和水肿;免疫组化显示肝、肾内GPV表达抗原为弱阳性,心、脑内为阴性。而攻毒对照组尿囊液GPV阳性的最高稀释倍数28;鹅胚存活时间138h;存活率0/6;胚体严重萎缩、出血、水肿,各组织细胞碎裂、坏死,组织内GPV表达抗原全为强阳性。两者比较,各指标具有极显著差异。这表明在鹅胚内IR-PS具有极强的阻断GPV感染、增殖和保护胚体组织器官免受其损伤的作用。     

端粒、端粒相关蛋白及其与细胞衰老关系的研究进展

真核细胞的衰老及凋亡与端粒DNA序列长度的缩短有关。端粒相关蛋白则可能通过调节端粒酶或其他相关因子的行为对端粒长度进行调控。目前端粒的长度可作为细胞衰老的生物学指标之一。文中综述了端粒的结构、功能、相关蛋白及其与细胞衰老的关系。     

鸵鸟新城疫病毒野毒株的分离及其生物学特性

用鸡胚从疑似鸵鸟新城疫的送检病料中分离到 2株病毒。 2株病毒均能凝集鸡红细胞 ,且能被抗新城疫病毒 ( NDV)阳性血清抑制 ;用抗 NDV单抗 PEG夹心 ELISA测定 2株分离毒均为阳性。对其中 1株作进一步生物学特性鉴定 ,按照国际上规定的 NDV毒力判定标准测定的该毒株最低致死量致死鸡胚的平均死亡时间 ( MDT)为 54h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数 ( ICPI)为 1 .88,6周龄雏鸡静脉接种致病指数 ( IVPI)为2 .75。结果表明 ,本分离株为鸵鸟新城疫病毒强毒     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.