TGEV双基因嵌合表达质粒pVAX—S—N的构建及体外表达

采用RT-PCR扩增猪传染性肠胃炎病毒(TGEV)SC-H株S基因5′端主要抗原位点片段和N基因,插入pMD19-T载体,经酶切与测序鉴定后,构建重组质粒19T-N与19T-S.从T载体上将S、N基因切下,以亚克隆方法插入真核表达载体pVAX1,构建嵌合表达S、N基因的重组质粒pVAX-S-N.对重组质粒PCR与酶切鉴定后,以脂质体转染法转染COS7细胞,间接免疫荧光检测转染后细胞外源基因的表达情况.结果表明,重组质粒构建正确且在COS7细胞中得到表达,转染的细胞呈现特异性荧光.真核表达质粒pVAX-S-N的成功构建为进一步研究TGEV核酸疫苗奠定了物质基础.     

牛分支杆菌ag85b基因原核表达载体的构建

为构建牛分支杆菌ag85b基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a-ag85b,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)从牛分支杆菌AF2122/97基因组DNA中扩增出ag85b基因(978 bp),然后对扩增产物和载体pET-32a以核酸内切酶EcoR Ⅰ及Sal Ⅰ分别进行双酶切;将两种酶切产物以T4 DNA Ligase连接,将靶基因克隆入载体pET-32a,构建重组质粒。将此重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌DH5α,抽提重组质粒首先经EcoR Ⅰ及Sal Ⅰ双酶切检验,再进行PCR扩增鉴定,最后测序鉴定。酶切片段及PCR扩增片段大小均与预期相符,测序结果与GenBank登录序列完全相同。结果表明,成功地克隆并构建了ag85b基因重组表达质粒pET-32a-ag85b。     

番鸭细小病毒VP2基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及表达产物的鉴定

通过DNA重组技术,将克隆到的MDPV-Q和MDPV-26的VP2基因片段,经两种限制性核酸内切酶SaclI和Kp-nl的酶切,将酶切产物再克隆到表达载体pPICZαA中,得到表达重组质粒pPICZαA-M-Q VP2和pPICZαA-M-26 VP2.将这两种表达重组质粒分别转化到毕赤酵母(Pichia Pastoris X-33)中进行表达,经甲醇诱导和SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,MDPV-QVP2和MDPV-26 VP2基因片段的表达产物大小约为73kD,与理论预计相符.此外,本研究还意外地发现,重组质粒转化到酵母菌进行表达,在表达VP2结构蛋白的同时,还表达了一条大小约为60kD的蛋白条带.     

鸡BCL10基因的克隆与表达

通过电子克隆手段,克隆到大小为959bp的cDNA序列。然后从鸡的脾脏提取RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增出目的片段。将该片段连接到原核表达载体pET-32a和真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,采用SDS-PAGE检测原核表达载体pET-BCL10在大肠杆菌中的表达,脂质体转染法将真核表达载体pEGFP-BCL10转入vero细胞,Western blotting检测其在细胞中的表达。结果显示,PCR扩增到735bp的DNA片段,原核表达载体和真核表达载体经双酶切和核酸测序表明载体构建成功。SDS-PAGE电泳检测到pET-BCL10重组质粒在大肠杆菌中表达。Western blotting检测到pEGFP-BCL10重组质粒在vero细胞中表达。结论表明,BCL10基因在鸡体内存在,该基因的重组质粒能在大肠杆菌和vero细胞中表达。     

牛分支杆菌αg85b基因原核表达载体的构建

为构建牛分支杆菌αg85b基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a-ag85b,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)从牛分支杆菌AF2122/97基因组DNA中扩增出αg85b基因(978 bp),然后对扩增产物和载体pET-32a以核酸内切酶EcoR Ⅰ及Sal Ⅰ分别进行双酶切;将两种酶切产物以T4 DNA Ligase连接,将靶基因克隆入载体pET-32a,构建重组质粒.将此重组质粒转化人大肠杆菌DH5α,抽提重组质粒首先经EcoR Ⅰ及Sal Ⅰ双酶切检验,再进行PCR扩增鉴定,最后测序鉴定.酶切片段及PCR扩增片段大小均与预期相符,测序结果与GenBank登录序列完全相同.结果表明,成功地克隆并构建了αg85b基因重组表达质粒pET-32a-ag85b.     

牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因腺病毒穿梭载体的构建及在293细胞中的表达

应用PCR技术扩增牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因,纯化PCR产物后与克隆载体pMD18-T Simple Vector连接,将PCR、酶切鉴定及测序分析正确的pMD-18T-NcSRS2重组质粒进行EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切,克隆至相同酶切回收后的腺病毒穿梭载体pCR259中,再将PCR、酶切鉴定正确的pCR259-NcSRS2重组质粒转染293细胞,应用IF-AT和Western-blotting技术检测重组质粒在293细胞中的表达情况。结果显示,扩增的牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因长度为1 227bp,与GenBank中发表的NcSRS2（AF061249）核苷酸序列同源性为99%,构建的pCR259-NcSRS2重组质粒在293细胞中得到瞬时表达,表达蛋白的相对分子质量为43 000,具有较好的反应原性。本试验为新孢子虫病腺病毒载体疫苗的构建奠定了基础。     

宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶在哺乳动物细胞中的分泌表达

本试验旨在从宇佐美曲霉菌株GIM3.36中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xyn的成熟肽编码序列(555 bp),并将其克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA6/His^TM A中的不同位置,分别得到重组质粒pcDNA-spna和pcDNA-spnb,重组质粒经过酶切、测序鉴定其读码框的正确性。在脂质体介导下将重组质粒转染猪肾细胞(PK15),通过RT-PCR证实其在PK15细胞中表达,并在细胞培养液中测定木聚糖酶酶活,结果显示,重组质粒pcDNA-spna转染细胞后表达的酶活力最高为8.53 U/mL,较pcDNA-spnb表达的酶活(6.87 U/mL)高24%,实现了微生物基因在哺乳动物细胞的分泌表达,为xyn基因在转基因方面的利用提供了依据。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M蛋白和SEA共表达核酸疫的构建及鉴定

构建猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）M蛋白和金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A（SEA）共表达的核酸疫苗,并研究其表达产物的抗原性。将采自长春患PRRS病猪的组织剪碎充分研磨,提取病毒RNA后,用RT-PCR的方法特异性扩增PRRSV长春株的ORF6基因（M蛋白）片段。将该片段定向插入到载体pKS-SEA上,双酶切获得片段SEA-ORF6,再将其克隆到真核表达载体pVAXI中,构建重组质粒pVAXI-SEA-ORF6,转化大肠杆菌。经酶切鉴定后,将构建的阳性重组质粒在BHK细胞中表达。通过间接免疫荧光方法初步检测所表达蛋白的抗原性,用Western blot分析表达蛋白的特异性。结果表明,所构建的重组质粒pVAXI-SEA-ORF6在BHK细胞中得到了表达,为进一步研究PRRSV基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

PEDV和TGEV双基因共表达载体pVAXD-PS1-TS的构建及体外表达

采用RT-PCR扩增猪传染性肠胃炎病毒（TGEV）SC-H株S基因N端主要抗原位点片段（大小约为1 916bp）和猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）SC-L株S1基因（大小约为2 367bp）,插入pMDl9-T simple载体,经酶切与测序鉴定后,构建重组质粒pMD19-T-TS与pMD19-T-PS1。从T载体上将PS1、TS基因切下,以亚克隆方法插入双启动子真核表达载体pVAXD,构建能同时表达TGEV S基因和PEDV S1基因的重组质粒pVAXD-PS1-TS。对重组质粒进行PCR与酶切鉴定后,以脂质体转染法转染COS7细胞,间接免疫荧光检测转染后细胞外源基因的表达情况。结果表明,重组质粒构建正确且能够在COS7细胞中得到表达,转染的细胞呈现特异性荧光。真核表达质粒pVAXD-PS1-TS的成功构建为进一步研究PEDV和TGEV的二联核酸疫苗奠定了基础。     

基于甲病毒复制子的犬瘟热核酸疫苗的构建及表达性研究

本试验利用T-A克隆技术,构建克隆载体pEASY-Blunt-F,BamHⅠ酶切pEASY-Blunt-F,回收F基因,将其克隆至pSCA1真核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pSCA1-F。经DNA测序、限制性内切酶分析和PCR鉴定,结果表明重组质粒pSCA1-F成功构建。通过间接免疫荧光试验和Western blotting证实F基因在转染细胞中表达。此外,细胞凋亡的检测结果表明,pSCA1-F能引起转染的细胞发生凋亡。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.