在降低日粮能量下半胱胺盐对生长猪生产性能的影响

为进一步研究半胱胺盐酸盐(CSH)提高猪对日粮中营养物质消化、吸收和利用的效果,考察在氨基酸水平和其他营养指标相同,适当降低基础日粮代谢能水平(0.36 MJ/kg)的情况下,添加CSH(含半胱胺盐酸盐≥30 %)对生长猪生产性能的影响,选择日龄接近、健康且体质量一致,平均体质量(43.63±0.78)kg的60头杜×长×大生长猪,随机分为2个处理,每处理30头猪,阉公和母各半.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂代谢能降低约0.36 MJ/kg的基础日粮+700 g/t CSH(强化保生灵),试验期45 d.试验结果显示,试验组日增质量696 g,与对照组(698 g)一致(P=0.95),料重比2.71,比对照组(2.65)略高,综合日增质量和料重比等生产性能,可得出结论.在生长猪日粮中添加CSH,在保证生长猪生产性能的情况下,仅日粮的能量而言,相当于每吨节约10.2 kg的大豆油,为节约能量饲料资源提供了有益的探索.     

稀土元素对鲤鱼肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响

本试验研究稀土元素对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响.选用健康、均重(333.8±18.6)g的1日龄德黄杂交鲤鱼(德国镜鲤×黄河鲤)450尾为试验动物.采用单因子随机分组设计,分为5个处理组,以基础日粮为对照组,基础日粮中添加100、200、300和400 mg/kg的硝酸稀土为试验组,每个处理组设2个重复,每个重复45尾试验鱼,试验期60 d.结果表明:饲料中添加200～300 mg/kg硝酸稀土可提高鲤鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性,分别提高29.9%(P＜0.01)、56.3%(P＜0.05)和32.8%(P＜0.05),促进鲤鱼生长,较对照组提高21.0%(P＜0.01),降低鲤鱼饵料系数15.0%(P＜0.05).本试验在饲料中添加适量的硝酸稀土能提高鲤鱼肠道中胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性;促进鲤鱼对饲料的消化吸收,提高鲤鱼的增重;过量的硝酸稀土抑制肠道胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性;硝酸稀土对鲤鱼肠体之比没有显著影响.     

半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体的影响

选择体重60kg左右的杜长大杂交猪144头，随机分成4组，分别在基础日粮中添加半胱胺0、100、150和350mg/kg。试验结果：日粮中添加100、150mg/kg半胱胺使试验猪体重增加5．6％和12．7％，而添加350mg/kg半胱胺却使增重降低了11．4％；与对照组相比，添加100、150和350mg/kg半胱胺耗料增重比分别降低了6．5％、12．1％和－10．2％；添加100、150mg/kg半胱胺使每头猪增加收入5．35元和12．61元，而添加350mg/kg时，减少收入30．89元；试验结果表明，在肥育猪日粮中添加100和150mg/kg半胱胺能明显提高猪的生产性能，而添加过量的半胱胺却反而降低了猪的生产性能。     

氨氮对黄河鲤幼鱼淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响

研究氨氮对于鲤鱼养殖中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性的影响并探讨其机理.选取健康均匀的黄河鲤分为4组,设置氨氮浓度分别为0.071、0.143、0.284mg/L的3个试验组和1个对照组对黄河鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)幼鱼进行毒性试验,试验处理14 d后取样测定氨氮对鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性影响.低剂量的氨氮提高了肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶的活性,而对于脂肪酶影响效果不显著.     

镁对草鱼生长和脂肪代谢的影响

本试验在以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源的纯化口粮(镁含量76.9 mg/kg)中添加不同水平的镁(0、150、300、600、1 200和2 400 mg/kg),研究了镁对草鱼生长和脂肪代谢的影响.选取540尾体重为(10.68±0.14)g的草鱼,随机分入6个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼.进行为期10周的生长试验.结果表明:1)日粮中添加适量镁显著提高草鱼的特定生长率、增重率和饲料效率(P<0.05),当饲料镁含量为692.0 mg/kg时,以上3项指标均达到最大值;2)日粮中添加适量镁能增加草鱼体脂沉积率、血脂水平、肝胰脏脂肪酶和节果酸脱氧酶活性(P<0.05),降低肝胰脏脂蛋白酯酶活性(P<0.05),但对肠道脂肪酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05).由此可知,日粮中适当添加镁能显著促进草鱼生长,添加量为600 mg/kg(日粮镁含量692.0 mg/kg)时效果最好;镁能够增慢草鱼肝胰脏的脂肪合成能力,降低其脂肪转运能力;镁使肝脂蛋白酯酶活性降低,导致高血脂.     

高能日粮条件下半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

通过在正常日粮中添加高油脂来制备高能日粮,探讨高能日粮条件下,添加0、15、30、60mg/kg半胱胺(CS)对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明:添加15、30mg/kg半胱胺均能显著提高大鼠抗氧化能力(P<0.05),30mg/kg半胱胺能使大鼠抗氧化能力恢复到接近正常日粮组水平,60mg/kg半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化能力的恢复无显著影响(P>0.05)。半胱胺添加的最适剂量为30mg/kg。     

半胱胺对仔猪生长性能及小肠内容物消化酶活性的影响

选取9窝(共90头)新生"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3窝(共30头),14日龄时分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 120 mg/kg半胱胺和基础日粮 200 mg/kg半胱胺,试验期45 d.在45日龄时,每组随机选取6头仔猪,屠宰后分别迅速刮取十二指肠中段、空肠近、远段、回肠中段内容物,冷冻保存,测定消化酶活性.结果表明,日粮中添加120 mg/kg半胱胺能显著提高仔猪体质量、平均日增重,改善料重比;添加120 mg/kg半胱胺和200 mg/kg半胱胺均能显著提高仔猪十二指肠、空肠近、远端和回肠内容物中的脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性以及回肠中淀粉酶活性.试验提示,日粮中添加适量半胱胺可以显著提高仔猪小肠中消化酶活力,改善仔猪生长性能.     

日粮中添加半胱胺对雄性水貂的生产性能、血液激素水平的影响

选用64只初始体重和日龄均匀的雄性美洲标准水貂,随机分成4组,每组16只。采用单因子随机试验设计,研究水貂日粮中添加半胱胺对育成期雄性水貂的生产性能、血液激素水平和冬毛生长期毛皮质量的影响。结果表明,在日粮中添加半胱胺100 mg/kg体重和200 mg/kg体重,可显著提高雄性美洲标准水貂120日龄时的体重(P<0.05),并极显著提高80~120日龄的日增重(P<0.01)。日粮中添加100 mg/kg体重和200 mg/kg体重半胱胺能提高育成期水貂血液中甲状腺素T3和T4的水平;添加200 mg/kg体重半胱胺也能提高育成期水貂血液中的生长激素水平。冬毛生长期日粮中添加200 mg/kg体重的半胱胺能明显提高冬皮的皮重/皮长指数。     

半胱胺对罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同水平的半胱胺（Cysteamine,CS）对尼罗罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响。试验分别设添加爱渔灵（含半胱胺盐酸盐30%）0（对照组）、300（300组）、600（600组）和900mg/kg（900组）饲料4个组,每一饲料组设3个水族箱,每箱放鱼30尾,日投喂率为体质量的3%,饲养45d。结果表明,半胱胺添加组鱼的体增质量均高于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著;半胱胺添加组的饵料系数均低于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著。胰蛋白酶活性随半胱胺添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,300组最高,但组间差异不显著;肝胰脏淀粉酶活性900组最高,组间差异不显著;脂肪酶活性300组最高,组间差异不显著。以上结果显示,饲料中适量添加半胱胺,能提高罗非鱼肝胰脏胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,由此提高罗非鱼对饲料营养物质的消化能力,以适应机体快速生长的营养需求。     

半胱胺对雪峰乌骨鸡生产性能及抗球虫病的研究

试验选用216只1日龄雪峰乌骨鸡,按体质量相近的原则随机分成3个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加65 mg/kg半胱胺(半胱胺组,即添加半胱胺盐酸盐95 mg/kg)和125 mg/kg二硝托胺等抗生素类药物组合(抗生素组).每处理设6个重复,每重复12只鸡.试验分2个阶段(0～4周和5～9周),试验期63 d.结果表明,0～4周和0～9周抗生素组和半胱胺组的料重比和日增质量较对照组有显著改善(P＜0.05),总增质量分别提高22.77%、16.63%和9.48%、6.81%;料重比分别降低3.40%、2.76%和3.53%、5.10%;病死率有改善趋势;添加半胱胺抗球虫效果明显.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.