邻甲酚酞比色法测定镁含量

镁是畜禽生长代谢过程中必需的常量矿物元素,国标法系用EDTA容量法依据用掩蔽剂掩蔽前(钙 镁)值和掩蔽后(钙)值的差测定饲料中镁含量,此法测定饲料中钙时准确性和重现性较差。而用邻甲酚酞比色法测定饲料中钙,准确、快速、简便(傅启高等,1996)。因此,我们用邻甲酚酞比色法进行饲料中镁含量的测定,研究是否适用。     

邻—甲酚酞络合酮分光光度法测定牛乳中钙含量

本文用邻—甲酚酞络合酮分光光度法测定牛乳中钙。通过实验精密度、回收率的测定及同等离子光谱方法对比检测,证明此方法测定牛乳中钙是可行的。采用此方法测定牛乳中钙含量,操作简便仪器简单,对基层广泛开展牛乳中钙含量的检测具有实际的应用意义。     

邻—甲酚酞新光度法快速测定饲料中钙

钙是饲料工业分析中的一个重要项目,常用重量法或容量法测定,速度慢,效果差.光度法相对提高了测定速度,但大多操作繁琐,效果也不理想.原子吸收法及等离子光谱法尽管速度快、效果好,但需要昂贵的仪器及专门的操作技术,在一般实验室的设备条件下难以应用.邻—甲酚酞在pH11的乙醇胺—硼酸缓冲溶液的碱性介质中能与钙形成紫色配合物,经研究特提出饲料中钙的邻—甲酚酞快速测定的新的光度法,操作简单,测定快速,灵敏度高,精密度及准确度均好,可较好地快速测定饲料中的钙.可供饲料厂及养殖场推广应用.1 材料与方法     

鸡蛋胆固醇含量测定方法比较研究

试验随机选取了中华绿蛋鸡产的绿壳蛋和依莎褐蛋鸡产的褐壳鸡蛋各20枚,采用邻苯二甲醛分光光度计比色法和气相色谱法,测定鸡蛋中胆固醇的含量,比较两种方法在测定鸡蛋胆固醇含量上的差异。结果表明,用邻苯二甲醛比色法测得褐壳蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量176．79mg／枚,浓度为13．35mg／g。用气相色谱法测得胆固醇含量142．74mg／枚,浓度为9．69mg／g,二种方法测定的结果差异显著（P〈0．05）。用邻苯二甲醛比色法测得绿壳蛋蛋黄胆固醇含量158．12mg／枚,浓度为10．65mg／g。用气相色谱法测得胆固醇含量128．70mg／枚,浓度为8．54mg／g,二种方法测定的结果差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

浅析高锰酸钾方法测定饲料中钙含量的注意事项

正测定饲料中钙含量的国家标准方法是高锰酸钾法《GB/T 6436-2002饲料中钙的测定》,该方法适用于饲料原料和饲料产品中钙含量的测定,其测定原理是将饲料中有机物破坏,钙变成溶于水的Ca~(2+)离子,用草酸铵定量沉淀,用高锰酸钾标准溶液间接滴定钙含量。     

两种方法测定饲料中钙含量的比较

试验分别采用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)法和EDTA法测定若干单一饲料、配合饲料和标准物中的钙含量,对测定结果进行比较。试验结果表明:当钙含量在0.1%～0.4%时,两种方法测定结果的差异显著(P<0.05),且EDTA法的测定结果高于高锰酸钾法;当钙含量低于0.1%或高于0.4%时,两种方法测定结果一致,EDTA法可以替代高锰酸钾法进行测定。     

原子吸收分光光度法快速测定饲料中钙含量

钙含量是饲料产品质量评价的必测指标。目前国内测定饲料钙含量的方法主要有高锰酸钾法、EDTA 法和重量法,其中以高锰酸钾法最常用,该方法存在测定步骤繁,条件要求严,所需时间长,滴定终点难以控制等缺点,不能适应大批饲料的快速检测。为此,我们通过大量的实验,在参照国际标准(ISO6490/2—1983)动物饲料中钙含量测定方法的基础上,进行改进,综合两种方法后得出一种快速、简便、准确、适用性广的测定方法——原子吸收分光光度法。1.原理有机物试样经燃烧灰化后,用酸处理,将样品溶解,并用氯化镧溶液作掩蔽剂,稀释定容用原子吸收分光光度计测定钙的含     

劣质钙磷类饲料鉴别方法及其对家禽的危害

1 钙磷类饲料的检验 1.1 常规检验 钙磷类饲料中钙的测定采用高锰酸钾还原滴定法,磷的测定采用钼黄比色法,氟的测定采用氟离子选择电极法.骨粉和磷酸氢钙的合格标准:骨粉,磷>11.0%,钙>24.0%;磷酸氢钙,磷>16.0%,钙>21.0%,氟≤0.18%.     

探讨饲料中钙的测定方法

钙是动物必需的最重要的营养素之一 ,动物机体缺钙会发生软骨症 ,幼畜会出现佝偻症 ;母鸡易产生软壳蛋 ,产蛋量减少 ,孵化率降低。但摄取过多的钙 ,会降低锌的吸收利用率 ,对猪可产生皮肤过度角质化。对饲料中的钙含量进行测定 ,有利于保证饲料的营养价值 ,满足饲养动物对钙的营养需求。测定方法通常使用高锰酸钾滴定法和ＥＤＴＡ络合滴定法。１高锰酸钾滴定法１．１方法原理 :将试样中有机物破坏 ,钙变成溶于水的离子 ,用草酸铵定量沉淀 ,用高锰酸钾法间接测定钙含量。ＣａＣｌ２ （ＮＨ４）Ｃ２Ｏ４ＣａＣ２Ｏ４↓ ２ＮＨ４ＣｌＣａＣ…     

火焰原子吸收法测定饲料中钙

<正> 饲料中钙含量的测定,国家标准方法采用高锰酸钾容量法。此法虽然是经典方法,但操作繁杂、费时,沉淀洗涤易损失。且容易引起测定误差,故被大批量样品分析视为困难。为此,我们采用火焰原子吸收法在样品溶液中加入适量锶溶液.直接测定饲料中钙,方法简便、快速.其测定结果与高锰酸钾容量法相一致。1. 测定方法1.1 仪器及测定条件1.1.1 AA—640—13型原子吸收分光光度计(日本岛津)。1.1.2仪器工作条件波长4227A,狭缝3.8(?),灯电流8mA.燃烧器高度8mm,乙炔流量2.61/     

酶解豆粕对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究微生物蛋白酶水解豆粕对1～21日龄肉鸡生长性能和养分消化率的影响。选择1日龄科宝母雏336只,随机分为4组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组。对照组为玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以5%、10%和15%酶解豆粕替代对照组中等量的普通豆粕。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了肉鸡采食量（12%～21%）和增重（8%～16%）(P<0.05),降低料重比（3%～7%）(P<0.05);试验组对干物质、粗蛋白质、能量、钙和磷的消化率也具有显著的提高作用(P<0.05);各试验组之间,生产性能和干物质、粗蛋白质、钙消化率差异显著(P<0.05),但能量和磷的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,豆粕经酶解改善了其蛋白质的营养价值,肉仔鸡日粮添加酶解豆粕可以提高肉鸡的生长性能和养分消化率。     

枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对蛋鸡肠道菌群和粪便中N、S含量的影响

研究旨在探讨枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕对海兰褐蛋鸡日粮、胃肠道内容物和粪便中pH、微生物菌群数量和N、S含量的影响。选取486只健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为对照组(玉米-豆粕基础日粮)、试验1组(添加0.05%枯草芽孢杆菌)和试验2组(添加2.5%枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕),采集胃肠道内容物和粪便样本,以稀释涂平板法测定菌群数量,并分别以凯氏定氮法和硝酸镁法测定N、S含量。结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕能减少日粮中大肠杆菌等有害菌群数量,显著增加枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌等有益菌群数量(P<0.05),降低pH值(P<0.05);饲喂56d后,蛋鸡胃肠道内容物和新鲜粪便中大肠杆菌等有害菌群数量显著下降(P<0.05),乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌等有益菌群数量显著增加(P<0.05),pH值显著下降;将粪便自然放置7d后,其N损失显著下降(P<0.05)。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵豆粕能增加蛋鸡日粮中有益菌群数量,改善肠道微生态系统,减少粪便放置过程中的N损失。     

Determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in rapeseed meal and cake processed at different temperatures using the direct and difference method with growing pigs.

Studies were conducted with ten barrows, average initial body weight 34.5 +/- 2.1 kg, fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to study the accuracy of determination of the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) values of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in rapeseed meal and cake and the effects of processing, using the difference method. Five corn starch-based diets in the studies were formulated to contain 17.7% CP and based on soybean meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, prepress-extraction rapeseed meal plus soybean meal, high-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal, or low-temperature press rapeseed cake plus soybean meal as the sole source of dietary protein. The design was an incomplete Latin Square involving two three-week periods and five-treatments. It was found that the AID values of CP and most AA determined with the difference or direct method were significantly lower in rapeseed meal or cakes than soybean meal. The AID values of CP and most AA in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal, high-temperature press or low-temperature cakes determined with the difference method were no difference from those in prepress-extraction rapeseed meal determined with the direct method. The AID values of CP and AA in rapeseed meal and cake determined with the difference method were accurate, when the contribution of CP and AA from rapeseed was more than 50%. The AID values of CP and AA (especially lysine) were lower in the high-temperature press rapeseed cake than in the low-temperature press cake or the prepress-extraction meal.     

仿生消化系统测定玉米和大豆粕酶水解物能值影响因素的研究

本试验旨在通过探讨饲料样品的粉碎粒度、未水解残渣的清洗次数和透析袋处理后的存放时间对仿生消化法中玉米、大豆粕干物质消化率和酶水解物能值的影响,为确立基于仿生消化系统（ＳＤＳ １）测定饲料酶水解物能值的操作规程提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,共设１１个处理,每个处理５个重复,每个重复１根消化管。其中处理１～３、４～７、８～１１分别考察饲料样品的粉碎粒度、未消化残渣的清洗次数、透析袋处理后的存放时间对玉米和大豆粕干物质消化率及酶水解物能值的影响。结果表明：１）粉碎粒度对玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率和酶水解物能值都有显著性影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。当玉米的粉碎粒度从 ４０目减少到 １００目时,其干物质消化率和酶水解物能值依次增加,而且变化幅度较大的粒度范围出现在 ４０～６０目。而大豆粕的粉碎粒度从４０目减少到１００目时,尽管６０目样品的干物质消化率与酶水解物能值最高,但与其他 ２个粉碎粒度样品的干物质消化率相差在 ０．７０％以内。２）未消化残渣的清洗次数对玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率与酶水解物能值均有显著性影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。随着清洗次数的增加,玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率和酶水解物能值逐步趋于稳定。在清洗 ６次后,玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率与酶水解物能值的变异已趋于 ＳＤＳ １的测定误差的允许范围之内。３）透析袋处理后的存放时间对玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率和酶水解物能值也有显著性影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）,但在 ４个存放时间的处理水平内,玉米、大豆粕的干物质消化率、酶水解物能值的变化都在０．９４％和 ０．３７ＭＪ／ｋｇ以内,处于 ＳＤＳ １测定误差的允许范围内。综合上述结果,ＳＤＳ １测定饲料酶水解物能值时,样品的粉碎粒度应为 ６０目、未消化残渣的清洗次数为 ６次。透析袋前处理后 ４℃下存放 ９０ｄ内均可用于对玉米、大豆粕干物质消化率和酶水解物能值的测定。     

Sites of digestion in beef steers fed bermudagrass hay and supplemented with high-nitrogen feeds alone or mixed with tallow

Five crossbred beef steers (329 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment with 14-d periods to determine the effects of supplementation with high-nitrogen (N) feeds alone or mixed with tallow on sites of digestion with a basal diet of bermudagrass hay. Hay was 1.93% nitrogen, 75% neutral detergent fibre and fed at 1.83% of body weight (dry matter; DM). Supplements were basal (B; 105 g DM): 81.8% dried molasses product (DMP) and 18.2% calcium carbonate (CC); soybean meal (S; 942 g DM): 88.0% soybean meal, 9.8% DMP and 2.2% CC; S mixed with 9.8% tallow (SF; 1041 g DM); corn gluten and blood meals (CB; 662 g DM): 62.5% corn gluten meal, 20.8% blood meal, 13.6% DMP and 3.0% CC; CB mixed with 13.2% tallow (CBF; 757 g DM). Total N intake was 117, 185, 187, 174 and 172 g/d, and duodenal N flow was 121, 148, 143, 162 and 169 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being lower for B than for other treatments and higher for supplements with the corn gluten and blood meal mix than for soybean meal (P less than 0.05). Duodenal microbial N flow was 39, 51, 49, 38 and 45 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively, being greater (P less than 0.05) for supplements with soybean meal than with corn gluten and blood meals. Duodenal flow of feed N was greater (P less than 0.05) with than without high-N feeds and for supplemental corn gluten and blood meals than for soybean meal (78, 90, 86, 117 and 116 g/d for B, S, SF, CB and CBF, respectively). In conclusion, mixing of tallow and high-N feeds did not affect the extent of ruminal N disappearance, and soybean meal supplementation increased duodenal N flow less than did supplementation with corn gluten and blood meals. Increased duodenal N flow with soybean meal was associated with about equal elevations of ruminal outflow of microbial and feed N, whereas the corn gluten-blood meal mix affected the intestinal protein supply by increasing ruminal escape of feed protein.     

去皮豆粕和普通豆粕对肉鸡生产性能及营养素利用率的影响

本试验选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成2个处理组,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复16只鸡,采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,比较去皮豆粕和普通豆粕对肉鸡生产性能及营养素利用率影响的差异。结果表明:去皮豆粕对各阶段肉鸡的采食量、增重及料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05);去皮豆粕组饲粮粗蛋白质利用率比普通豆粕组提高8.80%(P<0.05),去皮豆粕组饲粮粗灰分、钙、磷利用率分别比对照组提高2.54%、4.63%、4.37%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

Utilisation of soft phosphate in diets with and without fish meal or supplemental calcium phosphate 1

Two experiments, involving 23 treatments, were conducted with broiler chicks in order to evaluate the utilisation of soft phosphate and calcium phosphate in practical corn‐soybean diets with and without added fish meal. Two levels of fish meal (3 and 6%) were evaluated. Comparable phosphorus and calcium levels were formulated in each of the three basal diets. Phosphorus supplementation was reduced to compensate for the phosphorus content of the fish meal.

There was no improvement in body weight when 3% fish meal was added to the diet, but with 6% added fish meal an increase in body weight was obtained as compared with chicks fed on diets containing o and 3% fish meal. Calcium phosphate‐supplemented diets gave better results than soft phosphate diets when fed with the o or the 3% fish meal diet. There was no difference in the performance of the chicks fed two inorganic phosphorus sources in the 6% fish meal diet. Maximum performance was obtained with soft phosphate in combination with 6% fish meal. Maximum performance was also obtained with soft phosphate when the phosphorus in fish meal was substituted with an equal amount from calcium phosphate. The level of fish meal in the diet did not effect bone ash of birds fed on calcium phosphate‐supplemented diets when ratios were comparable.

The addition of fish meal to the diet gave no increased advantages that could not be obtained when calcium phosphate supplied a comparable amount of phosphorus.     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕生产富含小肽饲料的工艺条件研究

本试验拟在大豆分离蛋白培养基上筛选出一株生长良好、对大豆蛋白水解能力较强的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株KF01。本文研究了KF01对豆粕原料进行固态发酵的工艺参数并进行了条件优化。结果表明,在固态豆粕物料初始含水量49%、KF01菌种接种量10%、料层厚度20cm、发酵时间48h、翻料次数4次的条件下,酸溶蛋白含量由3.5%提高到8%以上。该菌株可以用于豆粕原料蛋白的发酵生产富含小肽蛋白饲料。     

应用Sibbald“TME”方法测定鸡饲料氨基酸利用率的研究

饲料氨基酸利用率的测定是进行可利用氨基酸营养研究的一项基础性工作。本研究利用去盲肠公鸡,应用Sibbald“TME”方法,测定了玉米、次粉、高粱、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、棉仁粕、胡麻饼、豆饼、豆粕、鱼粉、豌豆蛋白粉、绿豆蛋白粉、蚕豆蛋白粉的氨基酸表观和真消化率。氨基酸平均真消化率超过90%的依次为豆粕、蚕豆蛋白粉、鱼粉、绿豆蛋白粉、豌豆蛋白粉。消化率低于85％、高于80％的依次为高粱、玉米、次粉,消化率低于80％的依次为棉仁粕、豆饼、菜籽饼、胡麻饼、棉籽饼。所测饲料各氨基酸的平均真消化率大于85％的依次为谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸;消化率在80％～85％之间的依次为丝氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸;小于80％的依次为苏氨酸、赖氨酸和胱氨酸。研究结果表明,不同饲料和不同氨基酸之间消化率存在很大的差异。内源氨基酸排泄量对低蛋白饲料氨基酸利用率存在较大的影响。适当的加工处理对于提高饼粕类饲料的氨基酸消化率具有重要意义。     

Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine

Dehulled soybean meal prepared from genetically modified, herbicide (glyphosate)-tolerant Roundup Ready soybeans containing the CP4 EPSPS protein and near-isogenic conventional soybeans were assessed in an experiment with growing-finishing pigs. The soybeans were grown in the yr 2000 under similar agronomic conditions except that the Roundup Ready soybeans were sprayed with Roundup herbicide. Both were processed at the same plant. The composition of the two types of soybeans and the processed soybean meal were similar. Corn-soybean meal diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal and fortified with minerals and vitamins were fed to 100 cross-bred pigs from 24 to 111 kg BW. Diets contained approximately 0.95% lysine initially and were reduced to 0.80 and 0.65% lysine when pigs reached 55 and 87 kg BW, respectively. There were 10 pens (five pens of barrows and five pens of gilts) per treatment with five pigs per pen. All pigs were scanned at 107 kg mean BW and all barrows were killed at the end of the test for carcass measurements and tissue collection. Rate and efficiency of weight gain, scanned backfat and longissimus area, and calculated carcass lean percentage were not different (P > 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal. Gilts gained slower, but they were more efficient and leaner (P < 0.05) than barrows. Responses to the type of soybean meal were similar for the two sexes with no evidence of a diet x sex interaction for any of the traits. In most instances, carcass traits of barrows were similar for the two types of soybean meal. Longissimus muscle samples from barrows fed conventional soybean meal tended (P = 0.06) to have less fat than those fed Roundup Ready soybean meal, but water, protein, and ash were similar. Sensory scores of cooked longissimus muscles were not influenced (P > 0.05) by diet. The results indicate that Roundup Ready soybean meal is essentially equivalent in composition and nutritional value to conventional soybean meal for growing-finishing pigs.