强化市场管理促进畜牧业发展

近年来，金塔县委、县政府把加快推进畜牧业发展做为推动农村经济结构战略性调整，实现农业可持续发展，保证农民增收的主导产业来抓。坚持发展与保护并重，监管与服务并重的方针，强力推进畜牧业生产的规模化、标准化、产业化，实现了全县畜牧业的又好又快发展，金塔县已成为全市乃至全省重要的畜产品供应基地，畜牧业已成为农民增收的重要渠道和农村经济发展的重要产业。     

实施县乡畜牧兽医体制改革全面提升畜牧兽医工作水平

山东省费县是沂蒙山区的一个畜牧大县．畜牧业是全县农业和农村经济的支柱产业．畜牧业产值、肉蛋奶总量及畜牧业占大农业的比重等指标均居全市前列，为发展县域经济，提高城乡居民生活水平和农民增收做出了重要贡献。同时，畜牧兽医工作也在促进全县经济社会全面协调可持续发展和保障公共卫生安全方面发挥了重要作用。     

枣庄市现代奶业发展调研报告

现代奶业是现代农业产业体系的重要组成部分，大力发展现代奶业，对促进农业结构优化升级，增加农民收入，改善居民膳食结构，提高国民体质具有重要意义。为全面了解全市现代奶业发展现状，掌握第一手资料，总结全市现代奶业发展的成效与经验，加快现代畜牧业发展步伐，促进农业增效、农民增收，笔者对全市现代奶业发展情况进行了专题调研。     

浅析海北州现代高效养羊业发展思路

海北州是青海省主要草原畜牧业生产基地之一，畜牧业特别是养羊业在全州国民经济中占重要地位。如何立足资源优势，打造品牌战略，发展特色畜牧业，加快现代高效养羊业发展进程，是保证畜牧业可持续发展，增加农牧民收入的有效途径。依据海北州生态条件，调整养羊业生产结构，促使畜牧业“高产、优质、高效”方向发展，是提高畜牧业经济效益，增加农牧民收入，稳定农牧区社会、经济发展的重要工作。     

黄河三角洲高效生态畜牧业与可持续发展战略初探

发展高效生态畜牧业，是实现黄河三角洲地区畜牧业可持续发展的重点，是实现畜牧经济与环境协调发展的必由之路，是适应农业结构战略性调整、实施畜牧业可持续发展的需要，是探索资源性城市和地区畜牧业发展道路的有效途径，也是培育新畜牧经济增长方式的重要举措。国际上通常把革食畜禽生产水平作为衡量一个国家或地区农业发达程度的重要标志，可见，加快发展草食畜禽对促进我国国民经济和社会发展具有十分重要的战略意义。黄河三角洲是山东省区域经济发展“一体两翼”整体布局中北翼的主体，     

北流市现代水产畜牧业发展现状与对策

近年来，广西北流市水产畜牧业坚持以科学发展观为指导，以发展现代产业化水产畜牧业为重点，抢抓机遇，突破性地发展生态养殖业、生猪生产、水牛奶产业和特色水产品产业，取得了显著成效，全市水产畜牧业呈现出生态可持续发展的良好态势。     

都市畜牧业的功能与发展前景

随着城市化进程的发展和生态环境保护要求的日益提高，都市畜牧业的发展与定位是值得人们深入探讨的重要问题之一。发展都市畜牧业，就要利用农业产业结构的战略性调整，在人口密集、经济发达、工业化、城市化高度发展的都市圈中，依托城市在科技、人才、资金、信息、市场等方面的优势，以畜牧业资源为基础、市场为导向、效益为中心、产业化为链条，城市与乡村融为一体，促进畜牧业与其他产业日益融合，实现都市畜牧业的可持续发展。     

正确引导和扶持特种养殖

特种养殖是畜牧业的重要组成部分，也是当前畜牧业结构调整的一个重要内容，只要引导好、扶持好，一定能促进宁国市畜牧业再上新台阶。特种养殖在我市方兴未艾，现已成为农村经济可持续发展的新亮点。目前，全市共有特种养殖户109户(鹌鹑、野鸡、肉鸽、鹧鸪、蝎、獭兔、梅花鹿、银狐等)，     

呼伦贝尔牧区草原畜牧业可持续发展之管见

呼伦贝尔市畜牧业是全市经济发展的支柱产业，近年来，牧区人口增长大幅增长，超载过牧现象普遍存在，导致40％以上天然草原退化、沙化，严重制约着呼伦贝尔市畜牧业可持续发展。本文根据呼伦贝尔市地理气候特点，针对如何持续健康的发展草原畜牧业，提出几点建议内容。     

立足山区自然资源优势发展生态草地畜牧业

畜牧业发展的状况，是一个国家农业发展水平的重要标志，草地畜牧业是畜牧业发展的顶级形式，是发达国家农业的重要支柱产业。我们西南山区省份，面对入世后的严峻形势和市场经济新理念，必须立足山区自然资源优势，充分利用国家扶持西部地区发展和生态环境建设政策，积极调整农业产业结构，优化资源配置，发展高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的草地畜牧业，走上农业可持续发展的新路子。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.