共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
<正>"福利型"生产模式将成为未来畜牧生产的发展方向,生产中的动物福利强调自然的重要性,我们需要提供适合的环境以允许动物表达其特有的、自然的行为,从而保证动物获得高质量的生活条件,这使动物行为学成为实际生产中辅助实现动物福利的主要工具,对动物行为有基本的了解才能确保动物福利在畜牧生产中的科学应用。1从进化、驯养角度认识动物的自然行为 相似文献
2.
现代养猪生产中的福利问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
世界畜牧业水平不断提高,人们生活水平不断改善,生产高品质畜禽产品成为世界的共同目标。经过多年的研究和生产实践发现,满足动物所需的各种条件,改善动物的福利状况有利于提高畜禽产品品质。随着人道主义向畜牧业渗透,人们开始逐渐重视动物的福利,关于动物福利的研究也逐步展开。本文主要探讨现代化养猪生产中的福利问题及相应的对策。1动物福利的定义、评价及描述动物福利是一个复杂的概念,受多种因素影响。一般定义为动物的生活质量要与动物康乐相对应,使动物的身体及心理与环境相协调。动物福利科学涉及动物行为学、解剖学、神经生理学… 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
动物福利(Animal Welfare)是指"动物与它的环境相协调一致的精神和生理完全健康状态".从广义上讲,动物福利是指让动物在舒适的环境中健康快乐的生活.狭义上讲,动物福利是指满足个体或不同动物的基本生存条件.国外提出动物福利问题已有100多年的历史,许多国家都制定了完善的动物福利法律法规.目前,我国虽然强化了动物保护意识,但在动物福利方面,既没有明确的立法也没有相关的规定要求,致使我国部分动物贸易产品在面对发达国家以及WTO、OIE、FAO等国际组织以动物福利为主要手段提出的日益严格的国际畜产品贸易壁垒和动物源性食品安全质量标准时,明显应对无力.同时,动物福利也是如何进行科学地评估,使动物福利问题在人与动物生存之间、动物保护主义与产业之间、不同文化与习俗之间、不同发展水平之间找到合适的利益平衡点来以满足各方面需求,促进和谐社会的发展. 相似文献
7.
王晶晶 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2019,39(10)
在商业性生产环境中,关注动物福利和环境与高生产效率同样重要,我们必须制定新的目标——蛋鸡的新育种目标以及饲养目标。蛋鸡的健壮目标需要通过遗传选育提高它们的健康和福利来实现。 相似文献
8.
9.
<正>2014年8月国营江苏省东海种猪场获得世界农场动物福利协会授予的五星级"国际福利养殖金猪奖"。这是中国唯一获得有关猪福利养殖的最高奖,也是国际最高奖。同年11月中国农业国际合作促进会动物福利国际合作委员会与方圆标志认证集团有限公司一行对国营江苏省东海种猪场的淮猪遗传资源保护场、淮猪遗传育种扩繁场、万头老淮猪育肥基地、10万头淮猪屠宰场的猪舍结构、卫生环境、 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
16.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
17.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献