提高猪肉品质风味的主要方法与实践

我国是猪肉产量与消费量居世界第一的养猪大国,随着人民生活水平的不断提高,猪肉产品的生产和消费正在从满足数量向提高质量转变,人们对肉类品质与风味的要求日益提高。因此,必须利用优良的地方猪种,肉质鲜美、风味独特的优点,通过品种改良、科学饲养等途径,提高猪肉品质风味,在满足市场需求的同时获得稳定的经济效益。     

影响奶牛产乳量及乳品质的营养因素

本文分析讨论了日粮模型、蛋白质与氨基酸、脂肪与脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质及其它添加物对牛奶产量，牛奶品质，风味的影响。为牛奶生产者通过营养措施提高奶牛产乳量和改善牛乳品质提供了技术上的方向。     

不同品种鸡蛋营养品质与风味品质的比较

试验是以古典鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋和海兰灰鸡蛋为材料,以常规分析和感官分析方法研究比较3个品种鸡蛋的营养品质与风味品质。试验结果表明,古典鸡蛋的营养品质总评最佳,海兰灰鸡蛋次之,乌鸡蛋最差。3种加工方法 (蒸、煮和炒蛋)风味的感官总评,以古典鸡蛋为最佳,乌鸡蛋次之,海兰灰鸡蛋最差。感官品质与营养品质性状相关性分析表明,蛋的营养品质与烹调和加工方法对鸡蛋的风味影响很大。感官品质与营养品质性状相关性分析表明,炒蛋品质与鸡蛋营养品质中的水分含量相关性最大,蒸蛋品质和煮蛋品质与粗脂肪含量相关性最大。     

饲料对肉品风味的影响

饲料对肉品风味的影响南京农业大学畜牧系魏臻武风味是肉品质的一个重要方面，消费者对肉的喜爱程度通常由它的风味确定，特别是对牛、羊肉而言。肉品风味是鲜肉在烹煮期间通过水溶性化合物的反应和降解形成的，而特殊的风味主要来源于脂类组织。脂肪也是煮肉时积累的挥发...     

矿物质营养影响鸡蛋品质的研究进展

鸡蛋品质包括蛋重、蛋壳质量、蛋壳颜色、蛋形指数等鸡蛋的外部品质和蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄膜强度、化学成分、功能特性、血斑和肉斑、风味等内部品质。生产者和消费者最关注的鸡蛋品质是蛋重、蛋壳品质、蛋黄颜色和功能特性。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高和高龄社会的到来，     

食用禽加工处理与禽肉品质

食用禽加工处理与禽肉品质汪尧春呙于明（中国农业大学动物科技学院北京１０００９４）综述前言近年来，消费者对禽肉的品质，诸如颜色、嫩度、风味等提出了愈来愈高的要求。由于肉仔鸡的选择以生长速度为主要指标，肉质非但没有提高，反而有所下降。淘汰母禽是蛋禽业的副...     

维生素与矿物元素对猪肉品质的影响

随着生活水平的提高,人们对动物性食品保健意识的增强,对猪肉品质的要求也在不断发生变化。消费者喜欢瘦肉率高,脂肪和胆固醇含量低的猪肉,同时又要求它的色泽好、嫩度高、多汁、风味鲜美、不饱和脂肪酸含量适当。本文集中讨论几种维生素和矿物元素对猪肉品质的影响,从营养调控的角度提出改善肉品质的措施。 1 维生素E 现代饲养条件下,猪肉不饱和脂肪酸含量的提高直接导致猪肉品质下降,不饱和脂肪酸氧化酸败产生醛类、酮类和醇类组     

干酪品质的改进--常见缺陷的产生与控制

消费者总是希望干酪具有优良的品质和独特的风味，为此，对干酪生产过程中导致干酪品质异常的一些常见原因，从物理、化学、微生物学三方面进行了分析。     

肌肉组织学特性与肉品品质的关系

随着人们生活水平的不断提高，人们对猪肉品质要求越来越高。在众多影响肌肉品质的因素中，肌肉的组织学特性是重要因素。     

猪肉的风味与宰前饲料配方

随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者不仅需要瘦肉多,也希望猪肉品质优良。“安全肉”生产仅仅解决了猪肉中有毒有害物质的残留问题,但不能解决猪肉的色淡、味差等品质问题。所谓肉的风味是肉的滋味和香味的综合特征,肌肉中有大量的风味前体物质,它们在加热过程中发生一系列化学反应,从而形成风味。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.