蛭弧菌AS212菌株的分离、鉴定及其裂解特性

从中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)养殖池水中分离纯化到一株能裂解细菌的细菌AS212菌株,对其进行了形态观测和16S rRNA基因序列分析,构建了系统进化树,测定了其对不同来源菌株的裂解谱,分析了其对水体中细菌的裂解能力。结果表明,AS212菌株呈短杆状,端生单根鞭毛,直径0.6～0.7μm、长度1.0～1.2μm;该菌株不仅能裂解大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、弧菌等革兰氏阴性菌,还能裂解无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌;基于细菌16SrRNA基因序列的同源性分析结果表明,该菌株与未得到培养物(uncultured bacterium)的2株细菌AB286342和AM490748同源性最高,为96%,但与所选的典型蛭弧菌亲缘关系较远,不能将其分类到已有的蛭弧菌相关的属中;其对养殖水体细菌裂解能力优于消毒剂。     

夏季鲆人工育苗技术研究

1噬菌蛭弧菌微生物生态制剂的研究历程 1979年，我国首次开展对噬菌蛭弧菌（以下简称蛭弧菌）的研究。研究中发现蛭弧菌对许多动物（包括人体）和植物的致病菌，如霍乱弧菌、不凝集弧菌、伤寒沙门菌、副溶血弧菌、福氏志贺菌及大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、荧光假单胞菌等均具有显著的裂解作用。中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、中国海洋大学、上海水产大学、江苏省海洋渔业研究所等单位的研究证明，蛭弧菌对水生动物养殖中常见的副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌等革兰氏阴性菌的裂解率可达97．33％。     

海洋蛭弧菌LBd02-1的分离及其生物学特性的研究

利用海水双层平板法分离获得蛭弧菌LBd02-1,从基因水平上进行鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,蛭弧菌LBd02-1对嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、大肠杆菌和霍乱弧菌等革兰氏阴性菌有较好的裂解作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌的裂解能力较弱。以鳗弧菌为宿主菌,探索了不同条件(温度、盐度、Ca2+、Mg2+)下蛭弧菌LBd02-1对鳗弧菌的裂解效果。试验结果表明,蛭弧菌LBd02-1在温度为25~30℃.盐度为10~30时,对鳗弧菌的裂解效果较佳;在Ca2+浓度为5~10 mmol/L、Mg2+浓度为0.5~2 mmol/L时,蛭弧菌LBd02-1的裂解能力也较好。     

蛭弧菌裂解作用的初步研究

蛭弧菌是一种寄生性细菌．广泛分布干土壤及各种水域之中．对诸多革兰氏阴性菌尤其是水产动物病厚菌具有吞噬裂解活性。本文选取七株细菌为宿主菌．对蛭弧菌的裂解作用进行了初步研究。结果表明：除金黄色葡萄球菌外，蛭弧菌对其他六株菌均具有不同程度的裂解活性．其中以对红色假单胞菌的裂解能力更强。     

蛭弧菌Bdh5221菌株在水产养殖中的应用

<正>蛭弧菌是一种具有独特生物学特性的益生菌,是专门以捕食细菌为生的寄生性细菌。蛭弧菌主要通过黏附、侵入、裂解宿主菌方式使其自身得以生长繁殖。蛭弧菌广泛存在于自然水体、污水及土壤中,由于其具有黏附和裂解宿主菌的功能,受到国内外环保学者的重视。在水产养殖中,细菌性疾病病原绝大多数为革兰氏阴性细菌,应用蛭弧菌对革兰氏阴性菌的裂解特性来控制养殖环境微生态平     

3株噬菌蛭弧菌裂解特性及在水体中的应用研究

对从海水中分离的3株噬菌蛭弧菌Blb-1、Blb-2、Blb-3在不同条件下的裂解特性进行了初步研究,并进行了Blb-2裂解水体哈维氏弧菌的应用试验。结果表明,3株菌在盐度为0~30时均能良好生长,具有广盐性;3株菌对灭活后的宿主菌具有更强的裂解作用,形成噬菌斑的时间普遍提前,且噬菌斑较大;3株蛭弧菌的裂菌谱试验以及不同蛭弧菌菌龄的裂解效果试验表明,3株菌对气单胞菌属和弧菌属细菌均有很好的裂解能力,而对水产益生菌芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌等裂解能力很弱;应用试验表明,噬菌蛭弧菌对水体中的哈维氏弧菌具有较强的的清除能力。     

蛭弧菌微生态制剂对鲫非特异性免疫的影响

蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus)是一种具有吞噬功能的细菌,有显著的"寄生"和"裂解"宿主菌的能力,对大多数水产致病菌有较强的裂解力,对水质也有一定的净化作用,因而蛭弧菌极有可能成为预防疾病或改善环境的一种安全、环保的新手段。1994年我国农业部发布文件,允许蛭弧菌作为一种有益微生物在     

蛭弧菌海水菌株Bdh5221裂解特性及生长影响因子研究

对利用双层琼脂平板法分离纯化获得的蛭弧菌海水菌株Bdh5221裂解特性及生长影响因子进行了初步研究,为其在生物防治上应用提供理论依据。研究结果表明,蛭弧菌海水菌株Bdh5221对嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、大肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌有较好的裂解作用;对八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽胞杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌的裂解能力较弱;对木糖葡萄球菌和啤酒酵母菌不裂解;可在超声波破碎后的G+菌和酵母菌上生长。蛭弧菌Bdh5221在宿主菌浓度106~109cfu/ml下均可正常生长,高浓度宿主菌更有利于蛭弧菌生长;Bdh5221最适生长的pH在7.0~7.5之间,盐度为20~30左右;Bdh5221增殖速度与起始接种浓度影响不大,起始接种浓度101~103pfu/ml下经过5~7d生长可增殖104左右。     

噬菌蛭弧菌在虾蟹养殖中的使用

噬箘蛭弧菌是自然界的有益菌之一,它可以寄生于致病菌中裂解细菌。噬菌蛭弧菌为兼性厌氧菌,在有氧或缺氧的条件下都能生存,且能发挥作用,受光照、天气变化影响较小,适应性较强,特别适合高温季节使用,不会造成水体缺氧。噬菌蛭弧菌为广盐性,海水、淡水水域均能生存;噬菌蛭弧菌既     

蛭弧菌在水产养殖中应用研究进展

正蛭弧菌是一类专门寄生于其他细菌并能导致其裂解的革兰氏阴性菌,对多种致病菌具有良好的裂解效果~[1],属于蛭弧菌科,比一般细菌小,能通过细菌滤器,广泛存在于土壤、河流、下水道污泥等环境中。蛭弧菌不侵染真核细胞,对人和动物无致病性~[2-3],薛恒平等~[4-6]报道了蛭弧菌对仔鸡、小鼠、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的生长没有毒害作用。蛭弧菌作为"活性抗生素"在农牧业、医学以及环保方面     

斜带石斑鱼消化道乳酸菌在模拟胃肠道环境中的存活

从斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼消化道分离到3株乳酸菌,通过抑菌试验筛选出抑菌效果较好的2株菌(MM1和MM4),经生理生化鉴定结合16SrRNA基因测序分析,MM1菌株鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis),MM4菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。进一步研究了MM1和MM4的体外生长特性,及其对不同pH值的人工胃液、含有不同浓度胆盐的人工肠液及高温的耐受能力。结果表明,MM1和MM4均在培养6h左右进入对数生长期。对人工胃液的耐受能力相似,pH4.0和3.0的人工胃液对2株菌存活的影响较小,而pH2.0的人工胃液对2株菌的影响较大,经2h处理后两者的存活数即下降到105CFU/mL,经4h处理后的存活数低于5.0×103CFU/mL。MM1和MM4对含不同浓度胆盐的人工肠液均具有较好的耐受能力,含中低浓度胆盐(0.1%～0.3%)的人工肠液对2株菌的存活影响很小,处理3h后2株菌的存活数均维持在107CFU/mL以上;高浓度胆盐(0.5%～0.7%)处理3h后2株菌的存活数明显下降,但活菌数仍维持在105CFU/mL以上。MM1和MM4具有一定的耐高温能力,60℃处理30min二者存活数在107CFU/mL以上;80℃处理30min二者存活数在106CFU/mL以上。结论认为,2株乳酸菌具有生长速度快、抑菌能力强、对胃肠道环境和高温耐受能力较强的特点,具有作为益生菌的应用潜力。     

草鱼和银鲫肠道产消化酶细菌的研究

检测了分别从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肠道中分离的180株细菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的产酶能力。结果显示,两种鱼肠道内可分泌胞外消化酶的细菌包括Aero-monas(气单胞菌属,Aer.)、Vibrio(弧菌属,Vib.)、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属,Bac.)、Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属,Pse.)四个种属的细菌,Aer.在其中占主要优势,45.71%的Aer.可分泌胞外消化酶。草鱼可分泌上述四种胞外消化酶的菌株共有33株,占肠道菌总数的36.67%;银鲫43株,占47.78%。产酶菌的分布上,草鱼中肠内产消化酶细菌数量显著多于前肠和后肠(P<0.05),前、中、后肠分别是6株、20株和7株;银鲫中肠和后肠数量差异不显著,前肠分布最少。草鱼分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的菌株分别有21株(23.33%)、10株(11.11%)、30株(33.33%)和16株(17.78%)。银鲫肠道内未检测到可分泌纤维素酶的细菌,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶菌株的数量分别是21株、37株和17株。可见鱼类肠道细菌对食饵消化有重要作用。     

大口鲶病原菌蛭弧菌的分离及其生物学特性研究

从患病南方大口鲶分离得到病原菌N1、N2、N3、N4,以N3为宿主菌,从鱼塘淤泥中分离到三株蛭弧菌。其中蛭弧菌Bd-tw7的宿主菌范围广泛,不仅能降解嗜水气单胞菌、N1、N2、N3、N4等鱼类病原菌,而且能降解大肠杆菌C600、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌。其在1/10NB双层琼脂平板上形成圆形透明的噬菌斑,最适温度35℃,最适pH为7.5,短杆状,单极生鞭毛。在水体防病试验中,试验组的鱼存活率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Bacteria associated with early life stages of the great scallop, <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Pecten maximus</Emphasis>: impact on larval survival

A bacteriological study was carried out at a scallop (Pecten maximus) hatchery near Bergen, western Norway following a severe increase in mortality rates during the larval stages of the scallops. No larvae survived to settling, except for those in groups treated prophylactically with chloramphenicol. In order to identify pathogenic strains of bacteria, we performed a challenge test on 10- to 16-day-old larvae using isolated bacterial strains from the hatchery. Infection with six of these strains produced mortalities that were not statistically different from that resulting from infection with the known pathogen Vibrio pectenicida. However, about 5% of the strains tested in the challenge experiment produced higher motility rates than found in the unchallenged control group, indicating a possible probiotic effect. On the basis of 16S rDNA analysis on these strains, the phylogenetic tree indicated two groups of apparent pathogens: (1) one strain, LT13, grouped together with Alteromonas/Pseudoalteromonas; (2) a cluster of strains grouped together with Vibrio splendidus (LT06, LT21, LT73, PMV18 and PMV19). Strain LT13 was isolated from cultures of the microalga Chaetoceros calcitrans used for feed, while the other strains were isolated from larval cultures. Transmission electron microscopy showed intracellular bacteria that resembled bacteria in the groups Chlamydiaceae and Rickettsiaceae.     

怀头鲇体表溃烂症病原鉴定及致病性分析

为探讨黑龙江流域怀头鲇体表溃烂症的病因及防控措施,本研究采用常规方法从患病鱼的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏等部位分离病原菌,通过人工感染试验确定分离菌株的致病性,并对菌株的基本形态、理化特性、分子特征、毒力基因携带情况及耐药性等进行了系统研究。结果显示,从患病鱼体内分离得到3株病原菌,分别命名为NY-8、NY-9和NY-12;人工感染试验发现,NY-8和NY-9株对试验鱼有较强的致病力,NY-12株毒力较弱;3株细菌混合感染后,鱼体发病症状与临床自然发病症状一致,试验鱼死亡率高达到100%。综合理化特征和16S r RNA基因序列分析结果,确定NY-8、NY-9和NY-12株分别为气单胞菌属的维氏气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌。5种毒力基因在3株气单胞菌中的分布表现为两种基因型,h l y+/a e r+/a c t+/a l t+/G C A T+和h l y+/a e r-/act+/alt+/GCAT+,同时携带5种毒力基因的NY-8和NY-9分离株致病性显著高于NY-12株。3株细菌在耐药谱上有一定差异性,NY-8和NY-9株均对4种氟喹诺酮类药物敏感,对氨基糖苷类、呋喃类等药物耐药;NY-12株仅对左氧氟沙星和氟苯尼考等2种药物敏感。     

Colonization of the gut in first feeding turbot by bacterial strains added to the water or bioencapsulated in rotifers

Two bacterial strains, 4:44 and PB52, isolated from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) were used during a first feedingexperiment with turbot larvae. Bacteria were either added directly tothe water on the day of hatching of the larvae (day 0), orbioencapsulated in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) distributedon day 2 after hatching. The two bacterial strains were found to bepresent in the water of the rearing tanks throughout the experiment. Theaddition of bacteria influenced the species-composition of themicroflora associated with intensively produced rotifers added to thetanks, and resulted in colonization of the gut of the larvae by theadded bacterial strains. The strain 4:44 showed a peak on day 9 afterhatching, and reached a mean(sem) of 2.5(1.4) × 10⁴bacteria per larva, when added in a mixture with PB52, and 0.4(0.1)× 10⁴ bacteria per larva, when added alone. The strainPB52, on day 12 after hatching, reached 5.2(1.5) × 10⁴bacteria per larva when added in a mixture with strain 4:44, and12.5(0.7) × 10⁴ bacteria per larva, when added alone.The added bacteria colonized the gut turbot larvae, whereas thebacterial land, the survival and growth of the larvae were in most casesnot influenced in a negative way by the addition of bacteria.     

Evaluation of the AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va and dot-blot assays for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in fish tissues

The comparative accuracy of the serological assays AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va (BIONOR AS), and dot-blot for a rapid diagnosis of vibriosis in fish was evaluated. Twenty-one Vibrio anguillarum strains, representative of pathogenic and environmental serotypes, and 13 strains of other fish pathogenic bacteria were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods. The serological assays tested detected all the strains of V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2. The dot-blot assay was the most specific and sensitive method, detecting almost all isolates from serotypes O1, O2 and O3, with an average sensitivity of 1 x 10(6) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue. The AQUARAPID-Va and the AQUAEIA-Va systems were able to detect 5 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(7) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue, respectively. The simplicity, effectiveness and speed of the AQUARAPID-Va system confirmed this method as the most suitable serological test for the detection of V. anguillarum in field analysis and small-scale laboratory studies.     

牙鲆腹水病病原研究

描述了牙鲆腹水病的症状,经对细菌的分离与鉴定表明所检病例均为迟钝爱德华氏菌的单独感染。用分离菌做对健康牙鲆的人工感染试验,表明了相应的原发病原学意义及较强的致病作用。药敏试验表明,对供试17种抗生素中的氨曲南等15种药物敏感,对四环素耐药,对磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶(复方新诺明)的耐药表现了株间差异。     

斑节对虾“红体病”细菌性病原的初步研究

从患“红体病”的斑节对虾中分离到８个菌株,通过致病力试验证实其中两个菌株是引起斑节对虾“红体病”的主要病原,使对虾死亡率分别达到７０％和９０％。根据生化试验,确定这两个菌株分别是嗜水气单胞菌和副溶血弧菌。抗药性实验的结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌菌株对强力霉素较为敏感,副溶血弧菌菌株对氟哌酸、红霉素、青霉素和强力霉素较为敏感。     

Clinical observations of black disease in fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae and Branchinella thailandensis, from Thailand and pathogen verification

In this study, black disease infecting fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae Sanoamuang, Murugan, Weekers & Dumont, and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Murugan, in Thailand, was investigated. The typical signs of the disease are the appearance of black spots on the cuticle, located mainly on the dorsal side and thoracopods. A number of rod-shaped bacteria aggregated in the black spots and were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The histopathological results showed that a haemocytic response to the infection resulted in a dense melanized core of bacteria. In addition, generalized septicaemia by rod-shaped bacteria was also observed in the infected tissue. Of the 31 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were predominantly isolated and six strains were selected for the experimental infections. The most pathogenic strain was identified molecularly as A. hydrophila. When fairy shrimp were infected at bacterial concentrations of 10(4) and 10(6) cfu mL(-1) , the overall infection levels were 73.33 ± 6.67% and 93.33 ± 6.67%, respectively. The experimentally infected fairy shrimp showed abnormal swimming and died within 24-48 h after the appearance of the dark pigment.