刺玫果提取物中总三萜酸的定性定量分析研究

建立刺玫果提取物中总三萜酸的定性定量分析方法。采用TLC法对刺玫果提取物总三萜酸中的熊果酸进行定性分析;采用UV法对刺玫果提取物中的总三萜酸进行了定量分析;采用HPLC法对刺玫果提取物总三萜酸中的齐墩果酸、熊果酸进行了定量分析。结果表明,UV法中齐墩果酸在1.75~15.75 mg/L范围内与吸光度有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1),平均加样回收率为101.60%(RSD1.23%);HPLC法中齐墩果酸、熊果酸在0.1~1.1μg(r=0.999 7)、0.024~0.768μg(r=0.999 9)线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为100.24%(RSD 1.44%)、100.54%(RSD 0.45%)。3批刺玫果提取物中总三萜酸平均为8.62%,齐墩果酸平均为0.273%,熊果酸平均为0.534%。结果表明,所建立的刺玫果提取物中总三萜酸的定性分析和定量分析方法可用于该提取物的质量控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定宣木瓜中2种三萜酸及其比例

本研究建立了同时测定宣木瓜中2种三萜酸的含量及其比例的反相高效液相色谱法。Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm);柱条件为:柱温25℃;进样量5μL,检测波长210nm。对流动相和流速及精密度展开探讨,同时,采用去杂纯化对测定精密度进行比较研究。研究结果表明:流动相为V乙腈:V纯净水=95:5,流速为0.5mL/min时,齐墩果酸和熊果酸进样量在0.4～2μg范围内,线性关系良好,回归方程分别为:Y=7414804.000X+176597.400,(R2=0.9994);Y=8315634X-2681.667,(R2=0.9998)。得到的2种三萜酸的纯度为93.56%,齐墩果酸和熊果酸的平均回收率分别为98.6%和96.9%,RSD值分别为0.42%和1.2%;2种三萜酸的比例为(2.14～2.22):1,RSD值为1.39%。本方法操作简便,精密度高,重复性好,适用于宣木瓜及其相关原料中齐墩果酸和熊果酸同时定量分析。     

青钱柳悬浮培养细胞三萜酸的分离及结构鉴定

通过大孔树脂吸附、硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶层析、半制备高效液相色谱及重结晶对青钱柳悬浮培养细胞三萜酸进行分离纯化,获得5个单体三萜酸,经高分离度快速液相-飞行时间质谱(RRLC-TOF/MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)等分析,分别被鉴定为2α-羟基齐墩果酸、2α-羟基熊果酸、白桦脂酸、齐墩果酸、熊果酸,其中2α-羟基齐墩果酸和白桦脂酸是首次在青钱柳中得到分离鉴定.     

药用连翘的栽培管理

连翘,为木犀科落叶灌木.我国南北大部均有分布,以山西、河南产量最大.以果实人药,果实中含有连翘脂素、连翘苷、连翘酚、白桦脂酸、熊果酸、齐墩果酸、罗汉松脂素等等.种子含三萜皂苷,枝叶含连翘苷及乌索酸,花含芦丁.     

双波长薄层扫描法测定楤木不同药用部位齐墩果酸的含量

采用薄层扫描法测定楤木根皮、茎、茎皮、带皮茎中齐墩果酸的含量，比较各部位齐墩果酸含量，确定最佳药用部位，齐墩果酸在1－5μg范围内线性关系良好，r=0．9999，平均回收率为98．13％。结果：根皮、茎皮齐墩果酸含量最高。     

不同生长环境及采集时间对苦丁茶质量的影响

根据不同采集点、不同时期的样品,考察不同生长因素对苦丁茶活性成分的影响。用高效液相法测定槲皮素、熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果表明,多糖、熊果酸在4~5月份含量较高;槲皮素在8月份含量最高,5月份次之;而齐墩果酸在11月份含量最高。不同产地含量差异较大。不同产地与采收时间影响着苦丁茶的饮用价值。广西大新县产的苦丁茶较好,4~5月份间采集的嫩芽质量较好。     

紫外分光光度法测定白千层枝和叶总三萜酸含量

以5%香草醛-冰乙酸和高氯酸为显色剂,测定白千层枝和叶中三萜酸的总含量。熊果酸对照品在0.20～1.60 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,其回归方程为A=0.1548C+0.0286,r=0.999 3。结果表明白千层枝中三萜酸的总质量分数约为1.096%,叶中三萜酸的总质量分数约为1.017%。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定木不同药用部位齐墩果酸的含量

采用薄层扫描法测定木根皮、茎、茎皮、带皮茎中齐墩果酸的含量,比较各部位齐墩果酸含量,确定最佳药用部位。齐墩果酸在1～5μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为98.13%。结果:根皮、茎皮齐墩果酸含量最高。     

高效液相色谱法测定白桦树皮中白桦酯醇的含量

为了提取白桦三萜炎物质，建立了高效液相色谱法测定白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk．)树皮中白桦酯醇含量的方法、色谱柱为ODS C18；流动相为甲醇：水(88：12)，紫外检测波长为210nm，柱温30℃；柱压6．4MPa，流速1mL／min，白桦酯醇的线性范围为15．0～300．0μg，平均回收率为93.93％。对同一样品重复测定5次，相对标准偏差为0．36％，与比色法和气相色谱法相比，本法更准确、简便。     

刺槐尺蠖防治指标的研究

经过对刺槐的蓄叶量、叶面积、刺槐尺蠖食叶量、人工模拟摘叶对刺槐生长量影响等因子的调查分析，得出胸径D与刺槐蓄叶量M之间的关系式为M=135265．73 ＋ 13949．41D（相关系数r=0．976），刺槐叶面积与鲜重（长宽平均值）的关系：S=0．096W - 0．086（r=0．986），S=1．99L - 0．68（r=0．988），刺槐尺蠖幼虫期平均每头损叶量为295．45cm^2，根据CT=M＊H／Q（1-R）关系式，计算出不同径阶刺槐树的刺槐尺蠖的防治指标。     

迷迭香叶中鼠尾草酸超声波辅助提取的优化

利用超声波辅助提取法提取迷迭香中的主要生物活性成分鼠尾草酸,分别研究了不同条件对鼠尾草酸提取率的影响.对5.0 g粉碎后的迷迭香叶子进行超声波辅助提取的结果表明,室温较适宜的超声波提取条件是:乙醇质量分数75%、3 g盐酸为酸稳定剂、超声波频率28 kHz、超声波功率200W、超声波提取时间40min、料液比(g:g)...     

Effects of five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, phosphorylation of proteins and translocation of cytosolic compounds to cell membrane in human neutrophils

Five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins (OTS-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. The effect of these triterpenoid saponins on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was assayed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c using a dual-beam spectrophotometer. The phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, and translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies. The five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins used in this experiment suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OTS-1, 2 and 4 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but OTS-3 and 5 showed no effect. fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation.     

Vasorelaxant activity of some structurally related triterpenic acids from Phoradendron reichenbachianum (Viscaceae) mainly by NO production: ex vivo and in silico studies

The aim of the current study was to investigate the vasorelaxant activity of five structurally-related triterpenic acids namely ursolic (1), moronic (2), morolic (3), betulinic (4) and 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic (5) acids. The vasorelaxant effect of compounds 1-5 were determined on endothelium-denuded and endothelium-intact rat aortic rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline (0.1 μM). All compounds showed significant relaxant effect on endothelium-intact vessels in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Ursolic, moronic and betulinic acids were the most potent vasorelaxant agents with 11.7, 16.11 and 58.46 μM, respectively. Since vasorelaxation was blocked by L-NAME, while indomethacin did not inhibit the effect, endothelium-derived nitric oxide seems to be involved in triterpenic 2 and 3 mode of action. Compounds 1-5 were docked with a crystal structure of eNOS. Triterpenes 1-5 showed calculated affinity with eNOS in the C1 and C2 binding pockets, near the catalytic site; Ser248 and Asp480 are the residues that make hydrogen bonds with the triterpene compounds.     

生物活性物质熊果酸资源分布状况研究进展

综述了生物活性物质熊果酸的植物资源概况、种类分布和分布差异性。熊果酸在植物中分布很广,其中熊果酸含量较高的植物有:希腊鼠尾草、夹竹桃、迷迭香、西班牙鼠尾草、长春花、六座大山荆芥、小冠薰、长穗薰衣草、百里香、苦丁茶、冬季香薄荷、枇杷、枸骨、白花蛇舌草和樱桃肉桂,分别达74.50、43.00、41.00、40.20、37.00、29.20、20.20、19.00、18.80、17.70、16.00、12.30、10.60、10.07和10.00 mg/g。熊果酸主要分布于茶树、果树、药用植物、香草植物及泡桐等其它植物中,熊果酸的分布还存在着品种差异性、植物部位差异性、区域差异性、季节差异性和生长条件差异性等。对熊果酸植物资源分布状况的充分了解,可为生物活性物质熊果酸的可持续研究开发、高值化和规模化利用提供物质基础。     

哈尔滨市绿化树种生态功能研究(1)

文章以哈尔滨市绿化树种为研究点,从绿化树种的叶面积指数、固碳释氧、降温增湿等方面研究了49种生长良好的绿化树种的生态功能,通过研究得到银中杨、榆树、糖槭、杜松、野梨是平均叶面积指数前5位的乔木树种,珍珠梅、接骨木、绣线菊、金银忍冬、天目琼花是平均叶面积指数前5位的灌木树种;榆树、文冠果、火炬树、糖槭、银中杨为年固碳释氧量前5位的乔木树种,黄刺玫、紫丁香、接骨木、树锦鸡儿、榆叶梅为年固碳释氧量前5位的灌木树种;年释水量前5位的乔木树种是文冠果、银中杨、火炬树、榆树、山丁子,年释水量前5位的灌木树种是绣线菊、黄刺玫、毛樱桃、珍珠梅、榆叶梅。       

Plant growth regulation effects of triterpenoid saponins

 To investigate structure–activity relations between the sugar chain structures of triterpenoid saponins and their plant growth regulation effects, several monodesmosidic saponins with betulin as an aglycon were synthesized by chemical and enzymic reactions. Three triterpenoids (betulin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid) and synthesized betulin glycosides were submitted to germination and growth regulation tests on alfalfa seeds. We concluded the following. Betulin had a slight growth inhibitory effect on alfalfa radicles. Betulin glycosides exhibited stronger effects than betulin, and betulin glycosides with two to four glucose residues as a sugar moiety had the greatest inhibitory activity. These characteristics of growth inhibitory effects were considerably different from those of phenolic compounds so far reported. Some betulin glycosides also showed a significant growth regulation effect on alfalfa hypocotyls. However, hypocotyl growth was less affected than radicle growth for all betulin glycosides. Among the triterpenoids, betulinic acid had stronger growth inhibitory effects on alfalfa radicles than betulin, suggesting the importance of the carboxyl group at the C-28 position for the inhibitory effects of lupane-type triterpenoids. On the other hand, no germination regulation effects on alfalfa seeds were observed for any of the betulin glycosides or triterpenoids examined. Received: October 9, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002 Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by a research grant (Development of Highly Functional Materials by Structural Modification of Carbohydrates) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan. We thank Saori Kudo for her assistance in isolating compounds by chromatography. Correspondence to:S. Ohara     

影响山杏产量的因子调查与分析

朝阳县是山杏的重要产区，山杏资源十分丰富。提高山杏产量，对加速山杏基地建设，增加山区人民经济收入，具有重要意义，为了摸索影响山杏产量的因子，于2000年7月对朝阳县所辖8个乡（镇）的山杏林进行了调查，通过对调查材料的分析，找出影响山杏产量的主导因子，为该县的造林规划设计和经营好山杏林，提供科学依据。     

大青山不同森林结构与根际土壤微生物数量变化研究

大青山不同林龄根际土壤微生物数量变化规律是细菌、放线菌数量和微生物的总数均随着树龄的增长呈现减少趋势。不同林木树种组成,根际土壤微生物数量变化呈现出一定的规律性,在榆林地区的土壤细菌数量及微生物总量分布依次为山杏〉油松×沙棘〉油松×山杏〉油松×柠条〉油松〉沙棘〉柠条;劈柴沟地区不同树种组成土壤微生物总量及土壤细菌数量变化为山杨〉白桦×落叶松〉落叶松〉油松〉白桦。不同密度的根际土壤微生物数量的规律是2 m×3 m≥3 m×3.5 m〉1.5 m×2 m〉1 m×3 m≥1.5 m×2 m,基本上是随密度增加土壤微生物数量减少。     

巴东皱皮木瓜发育及主要成分的变化分析

以湖北巴东产的皱皮木瓜为试验材料,分别在皱皮木瓜果实7个不同生长期采样,通过果实颜色、纵横径、鲜果质量等形态特征的测定,并采用HPLC法对不同生长期内的有效成分(齐墩果酸、熊果酸、原儿荼酸、绿原酸)进行检测,综合评价皱皮木瓜最佳的采收季节和质量指标.结果 表明:(1)皱皮木瓜的纵径、横径、鲜果质量增长随生长阶段呈逐渐递...     

Element accumulation patterns of deciduous and evergreen tree seedlings on acid soils: implications for sensitivity to manganese toxicity

Foliar nutrient imbalances, including the hyperaccumulation of manganese (Mn), are correlated with symptoms of declining health in sensitive tree species growing on acidic forest soils. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare foliar nutrient accumulation patterns of six deciduous (sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), white oak (Quercus alba L.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.)) and three evergreen (eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.)) tree species growing on acidic forest soils; and (2) examine how leaf phenology and other traits that distinguish evergreen and deciduous tree species influence foliar Mn accumulation rates and sensitivity to excess Mn. For the first objective, leaf samples of seedlings from five acidic, non-glaciated field sites on Pennsylvania's Allegheny Plateau were collected and analyzed for leaf element concentrations. In a second study, we examined growth and photosynthetic responses of seedlings exposed to excess Mn in sand culture. In field samples, Mn in deciduous foliage hyperaccumulated to concentrations more than twice as high as those found in evergreen needles. Among species, sugar maple was the most sensitive to excess Mn based on growth and photosynthetic measurements. Photosynthesis in red maple and red oak was also sensitive to excess Mn, whereas white oak, black cherry, white ash and the three evergreen species were tolerant of excess Mn. Among the nine species, relative rates of photosynthesis were negatively correlated with foliar Mn concentrations, suggesting that photosynthetic sensitivity to Mn is a function of its rate of accumulation in seedling foliage.