海南水田土壤有机质分布规律及碳固定潜力

研究海南水田土壤有机质分布规律及影响因素,并分析其碳固定的潜力。结果表明,海南水田土壤有机质含量平均为22．90g/kg,相对于第二次土壤普查而言,水田土壤起着温室气体“源”的作用。土壤有机质的空间分布与按干湿状况划分的气候类型区关系密切,土壤有机质含量表现为湿润气候区〉潮湿气候区〉半湿润气候区〉半干旱气候区。推行以增加农田土壤有机物质输入的管理方式和种植方式等都可以提高土壤的有机质含量,从而实现水田土壤温室气体“汇”的作用。     

中国菠萝主产区菠萝光头果形成原因调查分析及生产对策

采用随机抽样调查的方法,对中国菠萝主产区冬季菠萝生产进行调查,结果发现各调查点菠萝光头果的比例有所上升,广西那马镇光头果比例最高,为32%;其次为广东湛江,比例为28%;光头果比例最小的为海南万宁龙滚镇,为15%。分析发现形成菠萝光头果的主要原因为环境因素和人为因素,对此提出科学施肥、控制激素的滥用、防寒保果以及调整生产周期等相应的生产对策。     

海南岛香料植物名录

对海南岛香料植物进行了调查研究。采用哈钦松系统编制“海南岛香料植物名录”。该名录共包括香料植物329种,隶属64科,其中海南野生种191种,栽培种138种,基本囊括了分布于海南的香料植物。      

近20年海南岛土壤有机碳时空变异

为探明海南土壤有机碳变化规律,以海南岛表层土壤有机碳为研究对象,在收集调查相关历史资料的基础上,采集土壤样品并测定其土壤有机碳含量,利用ArcGIS空间分析模块,分析1980s～2000s海南土壤有机碳时空变异特征并探讨其主要影响因素。结果表明,1980s和2000s海南表层土壤有机碳含量变幅为2.90～93.74 g/kg和0.25～44.67 g/kg,表层土壤有机碳含量总体呈下降趋势,全岛平均下降了5.86 g/kg。按土壤有机碳等级划分标准,1980s时期海南土壤有机碳主要分布在3、4级,而在2000s期间主要分布在4、5级,表明海南土壤有机碳含量低的分布面积逐渐增大,而高含量的土壤分布面积在减小。在海南特殊的气候条件下,降水量和温度显著影响土壤有机碳含量;土壤有机碳的空间变异性主要受降水量和土壤初始有机碳含量及土地利用方式的影响;再加上人为活动频繁,加剧了土壤有机碳含量的下降。为了海南农业生产的可持续发展,遏止海南土壤有机碳含量进一步降低,大力提倡秸秆还田,增施有机肥,采用保护性耕作措施是海南省土地使用管理的当务之急。     

海南白沙绿茶连获殊荣

白沙农场认真抓好白沙绿茶的无公害管理,促使产品质量不断提高。目前,该茶已连续三届被农业(?)部 命名为无公害“绿色食品”,最近又被授予“海南省名牌产品”和“海南省著名商标”。2003.5.2《海南农垦报》     

“互联网+”与海南新型城镇化发展的关系研究

“互联网+”是2015年的热门词汇,互联网+传统集市有了淘宝,互联网+传统银行有了支付宝。本文主要围绕“互联网+”和海南新型城镇化建设的相关问题进行探讨,介绍了“互联网+”的含义,并对海南新型城镇化现状进行总结归纳,阐述“互联网+”对海南新型城镇化建设的促进和实践作用,提出了在“互联网+”的概念下,海南的新型城镇化最终发展目标是将信息建设、金融建设、远程医疗服务、健康、保险等各类市场化服务内容与社区通过智能互联网的方式结合在一起,形成新的地产组合模式,从而建成智慧型城市。     

大岭农场双循环经济项目失败原因分析与反思

海南省是我国第1个提出“生态建省”的省份,近年来发展循环经济产业链,投资大批循环经济项目成为海南生态文明建设的一大亮点。但是目前的研究发现,循环经济项目立项前的可行性研究有待进一步规范,其项目管理需要进一步加强。海南省白沙黎族自治县大岭农场“甜高粱(车用乙醇)—乳酸菌猪(沼气)—高产橡胶园”双循环经济项目是海南发展循环经济的典型案例。该项目建设经论证立项后自2006年底开始运行,但当前该项目在当地已基本停止。本文主要是针对过去几年该项目运行情况进行调查研究,分析与反思项目停止的原因,并针对海南循环经济的发展提出建议。     

海南省可可黑果病病原鉴定及其发生规律

采用形态特征鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析相结合的方法,对海南可可黑果病病原进行鉴定,并通过定点连续调查研究该病在海南的发生规律。结果表明,该病病原为柑橘褐腐疫霉(Phytophthora citrophthora)。降雨量对该病的发生有着显著的影响,在海南发病高峰期一般在9~11月份。     

海南省设施农业现状调研

通过实地调研,开展座谈会和查阅相关数据文献的方式收集第一手资料,揭示海南设施农业发展规模、设施农业产业组织模式和农业设施主要类型,进行科学的理论分析,探讨海南设施农业发展面临的问题。结果显示,海南设施农业规模扩展迅速,2008年已经达到1.19万hm2;海南设施农业组织模式主要采取“龙头企业＋农户＋标准化”模式或 “农民专业合作社＋农户＋标准化”模式;农业设施结构形式多样,材料也不尽相同,主要有6种类型,并进行简要概述。     

台风“凯萨娜”对海南南部设施农业的影响及相关思考

分析了2009年台风“凯萨娜”的特点和对海南南部设施农业的影响,并提出了海南南部设施农业防御台风的对策。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。