不同除草剂对盘锦地区旱直播田杂草防除效果研究

近年来,随着水稻直播方式在辽宁滨海稻区的推广,为解决新的农田杂草防治问题.本研究通过选用4种除草剂进行田间主要杂草株防除试验.试验结果表明,460 g/L二甲·灭草松SL对除稗草外杂草防治效果最好,50％二氯喹啉酸WP对稗草防效最好,25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD和19％氟酮磺草胺SC杀草范围最广,25 g/L五氟磺草胺O...     

50%烯啶虫胺防治稻飞虱田间药效试验

50%烯啶虫胺WP防治稻飞虱田间药效试验表明,其剂量7.5、10 g/667m2,药后1、3、7、14 d调查,防效为24.17%~96.81%,高于用量5 g/667m2的防效,与对照10%吡虫啉WP 30 g/667m2防效相当。生产上推荐以50%烯啶虫胺7.5、10 g/667m2防治稻飞虱为宜。     

不同药剂对麦田看麦娘属(Alopecurus)杂草的防除效果

本文比较了异丙隆、炔草酯、甲基二磺隆等不同药剂对小麦田看麦娘属(Alopeeurus)杂草的防除效果。结果表明:3%甲基二磺隆OD 20 mL/667 m~2、5%唑啉草酯EC 80 mL/667 m~2、8%炔草酯EW 60 mL/667 m2和7.5%啶磺草胺WG 15 g/667 m~2均可高效防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草;冬前施药50%异丙隆WP 250 g/667 m~2防效明显好于春后施药。建议防除冬小麦田看麦娘属杂草尽量选择冬前施药,药剂可选择50%异丙隆WP单用或与其他不同类型的除草剂混用,用量推荐50%异丙隆WP 150~200 g/667 m~2。     

不同除草剂对直播稻田杂草茎叶处理对比试验

进行不同除草剂对直播稻田杂草茎叶处理对比试验,结果表明,各处理对水稻分蘖及株高都有一定的影响,分蘖增长比对照低0.08%~0.19%,株高比对照低0.8~8 cm;10%氰氟草酯100 ml/667 m2+2.5%五氟磺草胺80 ml/667 m2、20%氰氟草酯100 ml/667 m2+2.5%五氟磺草胺80 ml/667 m2、20%恶唑酰草胺+灭草松400 ml/667 m2、10%恶唑酰草胺100 ml/667 m2+2.5%五氟磺草胺80 ml/667 m2处理,对扁秆藨草、稗草防效均在95%以上;9%嘧肟·氰氟草酯100 ml/667 m2处理,对鳢肠、稗草防效相对较低,防效分别为71.1%、54.5%。     

几种除草剂对小麦田日本看麦娘的防效试验

为寻找防除小麦田日本看麦娘的理想药剂,进行了50%异丙隆、15%炔草酯等11种药剂单剂使用或者混配等田间药效试验。结果表明:5%唑啉草酯100 mL/667 m~2、7.5%啶磺草胺12.5 g/667 m~2、5%唑啉·炔草酯100 mL/667 m~2、25%环吡·异丙隆250 g等药剂及50%异丙隆+15%炔草酯单剂混配防除效果好,都在93%以上。优先推荐50%异丙隆150 g+15%炔草酯30 g单剂混配组合,既可提高防除效果,又能降低药害风险。     

除草剂混配施用对棉田常见杂草的防除效果

为了检验除草剂防除棉田杂草效果,以三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵之间不同剂量的混配施用.试验表明：三氟啶磺隆和精喹禾灵两种混用及三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵3种混用均对棉田杂草都有较好的防除效果.施药后7天杂草表现药害症状.施药后20天,三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵两种除草剂混用,随着三氟啶磺隆用量的增加对禾本科杂草的防效由89.2％增加到95.3％,对阔叶类杂草的防效由86.3％增加到94.9％,总体株防效由87.8％增加到95.2％;三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚混剂3种除草剂混用,在精喹禾灵用量相同的条件下,增加三氟啶磺隆或嘧草硫醚的用量,对禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草、杂草总体株防效均提高.施药后40天的株防效和鲜重防效均80％以上,说明混配药剂的持效期较长.     

2种组合药剂对水直播稻田杂草茎叶化除试验

为了达到高效和节本降耗的目的,本试验选择了2组药剂于播后13 d进行茎叶化除试验,一次性地防除水直播稻田内杂草。试验表明:20%二氯喹啉草酮SC 200 m L/667 m2+20%氰氟草酯EC 50 m L/667 m2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆WP 2 g/667 m2作为水直播稻田杂草茎叶处理组合药剂,对水稻安全性好,对稗草、千金子和扁秆藨草的防效较好,可有效防除田间杂草。     

氟氯吡啶酯与啶磺草胺对杂草的联合毒力及其对小麦的安全性

为明确氟氯吡啶酯与啶磺草胺复配对小麦田杂草的毒力及其对小麦的安全性,采用温室盆栽生物测定法对二者的毒性进行了测定,用Gowing法对其联合作用进行了评价;采用剂量-曲线法,评价了200g·L-1啶磺草胺·氟氯吡啶酯WG的除草活性、对小麦的安全性、对小麦和杂草的选择性。结果表明,氟氯吡啶酯与啶磺草胺对供试的雀麦、大穗看麦娘、播娘蒿、猪殃殃等4种杂草均为加成作用,综合二者的防效结果,建议以啶磺草胺6~24g·hm-2与氟氯吡啶酯4~8g·hm-2(0.75∶1~6∶1)复配为宜。二者3∶1的复配制剂200g·L-1啶磺草胺·氟氯吡啶酯WG对雀麦、大穗看麦娘、播娘蒿、猪殃殃的GR90分别为3.02、1.39、1.24、1.94g·hm-2。对3个小麦品种济麦22、中育6号、科农199鲜重抑制的GR10分别为6.25、11.64、3.96g·hm-2。在小麦和大穗看麦娘、猪殃殃、播娘蒿之间的选择性指数均较好,选择性指数在2.04~9.39之间;该药在小麦和雀麦之间的选择性指数略低,在1.31~3.85之间。     

克草胺防治稻田稗草试验研究

2002年～2003年进行了克草胺防治稻田稗草的效果及对水稻安全性田间小区试验,结果表明,47%克草胺EC可有效地防除移栽稻田稗草,对水稻较为安全。适宜的施药剂量为75～100m l/667m 2。施药适期为水稻移栽后5～7d稗草1.5叶期。如需防除阔叶杂草,克草胺可与农得时等阔叶除草剂混用。     

成都地区直播稻田杂草发生规律及防除药剂研究

调查发现成都地区的直播稻田杂草发生有2个高峰,第1次为播后20~30 d,第2次为播后40~50 d。本研究使用30%丙草胺(扫弗特)乳油100 m L/667 m~2或2.5%五氟磺草胺(稻杰)乳油60 m L/667 m~2在水稻直播后2 d进行土壤处理,防除效果良好,两者混合用来土壤处理,防除效果更佳。丙草胺和五氟磺草胺土壤处理可以有效控制直播稻田杂草,且对水稻安全。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。