不同类型专用小麦叶、茎、粒可溶性糖变化与淀粉含量的关系

 比较了3种类型专用小麦（强筋小麦郑麦9023、中筋小麦温麦4号和弱筋小麦豫麦50）在籽粒灌浆过程中旗叶、倒一茎节、倒二三茎节、倒四五节茎节、叶鞘中可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量及籽粒中可溶性总糖、淀粉含量的变化。结果表明，在灌浆过程中，中筋小麦温麦4号和弱筋小麦豫麦50旗叶中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、SS和SPS活性均高于强筋小麦郑麦9023，温麦4号略高于豫麦50。SS和SPS活性峰值出现时间早于可溶性总糖和蔗糖。在花后12 d至成熟期间，豫麦50籽粒中可溶性总糖含量最高,温麦4号次之，郑麦9023最低；豫麦50淀粉含量显著高于温麦4号和郑麦9023，灌浆后期的ADPP活性也高于温麦4号和郑麦9023。相关分析表明，开花后18 d至成熟期茎中可溶性总糖含量与籽粒淀粉含量之间呈极显著负相关，而叶片中可溶性总糖、叶片中蔗糖、籽粒中可溶性总糖与籽粒淀粉积累速率呈显著或极显著正相关。茎鞘可溶性总糖含量对籽粒淀粉的贡献率存在基因型差异：豫麦50和郑麦9023以倒二、三节间最大，而温麦4号则以倒四、五节间最大。     

两种筋力型小麦叶、粒可溶性糖含量及与籽粒淀粉积累的关系

在大田条件下,研究了豫麦34号和豫麦5 0号2种筋力型小麦品种灌浆期旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量、淀粉积累速率及粒重的变化。结果表明,小麦旗叶可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在开花后30d出现高峰,籽粒可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在灌浆期呈一致的下降趋势,可溶性糖含量变化与籽粒淀粉积累和粒重关系密切。强筋型品种豫麦34号较弱筋型品种豫麦5 0号灌浆期旗叶具有较强的营养物质外运能力,籽粒同样具有很强的转化利用同化物的能力,致使豫麦34号最终的总淀粉含量较高,支链淀粉含量也明显高于豫麦5 0号,粒重达到较高水平。     

油茶花器官形成过程花芽与叶片生理生化变化

油茶(Camellia oleifera)花器官形成和花的开放过程是油茶花芽分化的结果,也是油茶产量形成的重要基础。通过对花器官各个发育阶段的春梢各部位器官(上叶、下叶和花芽)生理生化分析,以了解花器官发育的生理生化变化特征,为探讨花器官形成机制、自交可育性、花期变化以及油茶优质高产及多花不多产现象提供基础数据,结果表明:花芽中可溶性蛋白比叶片中高,在花开放时达到最高;叶片中可溶性总糖、蔗糖及果糖均比芽中高,在花开放时春梢各部位器官中可溶性总糖达到最高,此时蔗糖与果糖含量则最低,叶片中蔗糖与果糖含量最高则在花苞膨大中期,花芽在花苞膨大前期达到最高;春梢各部位器官內源激素在花瓣形成前叶片中含量高于花芽中,此后到雌雄蕊成熟前则叶片中含量低于花芽中,而后花芽发育3个阶段叶片中含量表现为"高于—低于—高于"花芽中,花芽中各类激素在子房和花药形成期含量相对较高,叶片在花芽成花转变期含量最高。     

外源腐胺和精胺对弱光胁迫下黄瓜叶片可溶性糖含量的影响

以黄瓜品种中农118和冬棚丰冠为试验材料,研究了外施腐胺和精胺对弱光下黄瓜叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量的影响。结果表明:与自然光照对照相比,弱光下黄瓜叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量降低;叶面喷施1 mmol/L腐胺与单纯弱光处理相比,黄瓜叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和果糖含量明显升高,但葡萄糖含量下降明显;施加外源精胺(0.3、0.9 mmol/L)后,果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖以及可溶性总糖含量均有不同程度上升。     

剪穗处理下小麦叶片逆向衰老的生理表现

研究剪3/4穗处理下,小麦功能叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度变化,揭示小麦叶片逆向衰老的生理表现。结果表明,小麦品种随剪穗处理时间的延长,旗叶叶绿素含量和CAT活性均低于倒二叶,而MDA质量摩尔浓度变化高于倒二叶,与各自对照相比,倒二叶与倒三叶的叶绿素含量及CAT活性在灌浆后期都保持较高水平,旗叶则降速较快。另外,剪穗处理导致小麦功能叶片可溶性糖大量积累。出现旗叶衰老早于倒二叶的现象。说明剪穗处理下,叶片同化物的过度积累可能是导致小麦叶片逆向衰老的主要原因。     

不同密度对小麦花后旗叶和籽粒中可溶性糖含量的影响

在大田生产条件下,以农大189为供试材料,研究了不同密度对小麦花后旗叶和籽粒中可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明:农大189开花后旗叶的可溶性糖含量较高,且转化较快;籽粒具有较高的蔗糖含量,且淀粉合成较快。小麦开花后宽行播种的旗叶可溶性糖积累较快,但释放也快;而窄行播种的旗叶可溶性糖积累相对慢,释放也平稳,有利于可溶性糖向籽粒转化。     

喷施蔗糖对蓝莓叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量变化的影响

以不同类型的蓝莓(Blueberry)两个品种(蓝丰和粉蓝)为试材,分析了喷施不同浓度(0.1％、0.5％和1％)的蔗糖溶液对蓝莓果实发育期叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量、组成的影响,并进行了相关性分析.结果表明:在整个果实发育过程中(蓝丰:五月初至七月中旬;粉蓝:五月底至八月中旬),两品种叶片中可溶性糖总含量逐渐增加,但各个可溶性糖含量变化规律有所不同;两个品种果实成熟时期主要是积累葡萄糖和果糖为主,蔗糖含量很少,葡萄糖和果糖含量相当,并且随着果实的发育,各处理都可以不同程度的增加蓝莓果实的可溶性糖含量,其中,喷施0.5％的蔗糖溶液增加的最多;通过对各个处理叶片和果实可溶性糖含量的相关性分析可以看出,叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量显著相关.对叶片喷施0.5％的蔗糖浓度对增加蓝莓果实中的糖度提高最多.     

不同贮藏方式对甜高粱茎秆糖和酸变化影响的研究

[目的]以甜高粱新高粱3号和4号茎秆为试验材料,研究甜高粱茎秆采后40 d贮藏期内不同贮藏方式下水分含量、糖种类及含量、总酸含量的变化.[方法]采用整秆去叶立放、整秆去叶平放、整秆带叶立放、整秆带叶平放、整秆金字塔型的不同贮藏方式.[结果]在0～40 d贮藏期间内,所有贮藏方式下,新高粱3号和4号茎秆水分、总糖、蔗糖、可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,还原糖、总酸含量均呈上升趋势.同一种贮藏方式下新高粱3号茎秆的水分、总糖、蔗糖、还原糖、可溶性糖、总酸含量始终比新高粱4号高.在整个贮藏期茎秆水分、总糖、蔗糖、还原糖、可溶性糖含量由高到低依次为整秆去叶立放＞整秆去叶平放＞整秆带叶立放＞整秆带叶平放＞金字塔五层＞金字塔四层＞金字塔三层＞金字塔二层＞金字塔一层.而总酸含量在20～40 d,金字塔型贮藏茎秆总酸的升高速度比整秆型贮藏快.[结论]甜高粱秆贮藏期间糖含量的变化主要由总糖、还原糖、蔗糖等糖之间的合成与代谢决定,在40 d时,金字塔五层贮藏的茎秆总酸含量最高,整秆带叶平放茎秆的总酸含量最低.     

不同贮藏方式对甜高梁茎秆含糖量的影响

旨在研究可作为再生能源的甜高粱贮藏期间的糖的种类及含量变化,探讨减少糖分损失的贮藏方法,为科学合理贮藏甜高粱茎秆方法提供理论依据.采用甜高粱品种新高梁4号茎秆在捆扎竖立堆垛和捆扎横放堆垛两种条件下贮藏至157～199天期间其总糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、蔗糖及纤维素含量的变化.结果表明:横放条件下的甜高粱茎秆总糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、蔗糖含量比竖放的甜高粱高;竖放与横放的甜高梁茎秆纤维素含量无变化.     

喷施蔗糖对蓝莓叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量变化的影响

[目的]研究喷施蔗糖对蓝莓叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量变化的影响。[方法]以不同类型的2个蓝莓品种为试材,分析了喷施不同浓度(0.1%、0.5%和1.0%)的蔗糖溶液对蓝莓果实发育期叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量、组成的影响,并进行了相关性分析。[结果]在整个果实发育过程中(蓝丰:5月初～7月中旬;粉蓝:5月底～8月中旬),2品种叶片中可溶性糖总含量逐渐增加,但各个可溶性糖含量变化规律有所不同;2个品种果实成熟时期主要是积累葡萄糖和果糖为主,蔗糖含量很少,葡萄糖和果糖含量相当,并且随着果实的发育,各处理都可以不同程度地增加蓝莓果实的可溶性糖含量,其中喷施0.5%的蔗糖溶液增加最多;通过对各个处理叶片和果实可溶性糖含量的相关性分析可以看出,叶片和果实中可溶性糖含量显著相关。[结论]叶片喷施0.5%浓度的蔗糖对增加蓝莓果实中的糖度提高最多。     

Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Storage and Remobilization During Grain Filling as Affected by Sulphur Application in Winter Wheat

Photosynthesis and carbohydrate storage and remobilization was investigated during grain filling of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Lumai 22) in sulphur application experiments where the available sulphur (S) content in the soil of 0-20 cm soil layer was 5.84 mg kg-1. Two levels of S were applied as S0 (0 kg S ha-1) and S1 (67.5 kg S ha-1). The results showed that net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of S1 treatment was significantly higher than S0 treatment, and it increased gradually from anthesis to 35 DAA. Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, DP3 and DP ≥ 4fructan in stem and sheath of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S0 treatment also. The amount of total soluble sugar and fructans remobilization from stem and sheath and the starch accumulating rate in grain of S1 treatment was significantly higher than those of S0 treatment. It is suggested that sulphur application increase photosynthate remobilization from stem and sheath to grain at later filling stage.     

氮肥处理对春小麦穗粒数形成阶段的影响

为研究氮肥对小麦穗粒数形成中不同发育阶段的影响,以穗粒数和结实率有差异的3个春小麦品种为材料,拔节期进行追肥,设置3个氮肥处理.结果表明,N1处理下3个品种的穗粒数均较其他两个氮肥处理下的穗粒数高.开花期增施氮肥能够延长小花分化的时间,增加小花分化的数量,减少受精成胚退化率,从而提高穗粒数.     

春玉米籽粒可溶性糖积累规律及其与淀粉含量的关系

试验以高淀粉玉米(四单19)、普通玉米(东农250)、优质蛋白玉米(丰禾10号)为材料,研究氮素用量对春玉米籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉积累的影响.结果表明:籽粒中蔗糖含量在吐丝后先增加后降低,果糖和可溶性总糖含量一直呈下降趋势,淀粉含量在籽粒灌浆过程中不断上升.     

小麦品种旗叶和穗下节间的生理特性及其与籽粒充实的关系

<正> 引言不少研究证明小麦开花后的光合作用为籽粒提供绝大部分的干物质,其中旗叶的贡献最大。MohiuddiN等(1980)发现冬小麦旗叶和穗部绿色面积功能期与籽粒产量和粒重为正相关;与每穗粒数为负相关。DhimaN等(1980)也证明旗叶面积同籽粒产量有密切关系。小麦籽粒的产量与其充实度有关。我省多数地区年度间存在小麦籽粒充实不良、千粒重低     

Grain Sink Strength Related to Carbon Staying in the Leaves of Hybrid Wheat XN901

XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grain volume, carbohydrate content, and enzyme activity of sucose metabolism in the grain, as well as source-sink relationship were studied in order to investigate the physiological reason of the assimilate remaining in leaves and stem at the late stage. The results showed that the hybrid grains had more water and soluble sugar, higher activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase at the early stage that led to a faster expansion growth, greater grain volume and faster starch synthesis at the early to mid stage of grain development. Also it had a longer period for actively filling. As a result, the grain weight and yield of the hybrid were increased by 14 and 15% respectively compared to that of Shaan 229. Additionally, the biomass of XN901 was 41.7% more than that of control, but its harvest index was 9% lower than Shaan 229. However, its lower activity of sucrose synthase indicated a lower sink activity at the late stage, resulting in a slow rate of filling and starch synthesis. Also, the hybrid wheat XN901 had a large source-sink ratio. It is the main reason for much assimilate remaining in the straw at the late stage and lower harvest index. Strengthening the sink activity and raising the harvest index should be the key means of improving the yield of hybrid wheat.     

Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheath at Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopy and Their Influence on Grain Quality

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.     

鼓粒期叶施激动素对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响

以"小明绿"绿豆为材料,采用大田随机区组试验方法,研究了鼓粒期叶施不同质量浓度激动素对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:1)激动素处理可以提高喷药后12d绿豆叶片叶绿素含量,30、15和7.5mg/L激动素喷施的叶片叶绿素含量较对照分别增加15.74%、7.01%和16.40%;2)激动素处理组能够减缓喷药后第22~27天叶片可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量的下降,有效增加喷药后第22天叶片淀粉含量;喷药后第27天,30mg/L激动素的处理茎秆和根系可溶性糖输出量、茎秆和根系蔗糖含量、茎秆淀粉含量均高于其他质量浓度激动素和对照;在喷药后第22天茎秆中的淀粉含量以及喷药后第27天根系淀粉含量均以15mg/L激动素处理为最大;3)激动素处理组能够有效增加绿豆单株粒数,2年试验30、15和7.5mg/L激动素处理绿豆籽粒产量分别较对照平均提高18.23%、10.08%和5.67%。综合分析表明,鼓粒期喷施不同质量浓度激动素能够有效调控叶片叶绿素含量,促进鼓粒后期叶片、茎秆和根系糖分积累,最终提高绿豆籽粒产量。     

春小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累规律的研究

利用蛋白质含量和产量各异的３个春小麦品种研究灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累规律，结果表明：籽粒灌浆过程中可溶性糖含量由开花１４ｄ开始逐渐减少，成熟期达最低值，品种间的差异仅表现在１４ｄ和２０ｄ两个时期；淀粉积累动态与可溶性糖变化规律相反，随灌浆成熟而逐渐增加，品种间差异显著；蛋白质积累动态年际间略有差异，总的趋势是随灌浆成熟而逐渐增加．开花后１４ｄ可溶性糖含量与淀粉含量和蛋白质含量有关，蛋白质含量与可溶性糖含量关系更为密切．成熟期淀粉含量和蛋白质含量呈负相关．高蛋白品种在灌浆初期就表现出较高的积累合成蛋白质的能力，而高淀粉含量品种同样在灌浆初期就表现出较高的淀粉含量，高产高蛋白品种介于两者之间．从生理角度分析，培育或通过田间管理达到高产优质是可行的．