有机硒和维生素E对寿隐杂交鸡抗热应激性能的影响

通过向日粮中添加不同水平有机硒(0,0.15mg/kg)和维生素E(10,30,100IU/kg),测定热应激不同阶段试验鸡肝脏、肾脏及血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明,日粮中添加有机硒和维生素E可明显降低肝脏、肾脏及血清中MDA的含量(P<0.05),提高GSH-Px活性,增强机体的抗氧化能力,提高试验鸡的抗热应激性能。     

乳酸菌对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞抗氧化功能的研究

为研究乳酸菌体外抗病毒作用,在鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)模型上,分析比较了6株乳酸菌对细胞内两种抗氧化酶:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,结果显示,与病毒感染对照组相比,6株乳酸菌均显著提高了细胞总抗氧化能力(P＜0.01)、显著降低了MDA含量(P＜0.01).研究结果表明,乳酸菌能促进细胞在病毒感染状态下产生更强的抗氧化能力来清除自由基,并减少自由基所引起的氧化损伤.     

口服人参茎叶皂苷和黄芪多糖对鸡抗氧化功能的影响

研究饮水口服人参茎叶皂苷(GSLS)和黄芪多糖(APS)对环磷酰胺诱导鸡氧化应激的影响。将120只SPF鸡分为人参茎叶皂苷给药组(CY+GSLS)、阳性药物对照组(CY+APS)、CY对照组(CY+Saline)和空白对照组(Saline),比较口服GSLS和APS对氧化应激鸡抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,氧化应激鸡口服GSLS和APS可显著提高鸡血清的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),增加总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,提高维生素C、维生素E和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平,并降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羰基碳(Carbonyl)的含量,提示GSLS和APS对氧化应激鸡抗氧化功能均具有显著提高作用,且GSLS拮抗鸡的氧化应激的作用较APS更为显著。     

山豆根多糖对鸡免疫器官发育及体内活性氧水平的影响

为探讨山豆根多糖(SSP)对鸡免疫功能及体内抗氧化能力的影响,将山豆根多糖分别按50、100、200 mg/kg体重对14日龄公鸡胸部肌肉注射,在21、28、35、42日龄分别测定了鸡血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化力(TAOC)、丙二醛(MDA)水平、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和一氧化氮(NO)的水平及鸡胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果表明,鸡28日龄时,50～200 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡血浆中还原型谷胱甘肽水平(P0.05,P0.01);鸡35日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡的胸腺指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中SOD活性极显著升高(P0.01),200 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆NO水平显著升高(P0.01);鸡42日龄时,50 mg/kg山豆根多糖能显著提高鸡脾脏指数和法氏囊指数(P0.05),100 mg/kg山豆根多糖组鸡血浆中MDA水平极显著升高(P0.01)。提示山豆根多糖能够促进鸡免疫器官发育,并对鸡体内活性氧水平具有调节作用。     

堆型艾美耳球虫感染后组织抗氧化功能的变化

通过测定堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)感染鸡心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平,研究E.acervulina感染对雏鸡的组织抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明,雏鸡在感染E.acervulina后,早期各组织SOD活性均低于对照组水平,但很快都又恢复到正常对照组水平;各组织中MDA含量均高于对照组水平;心脏、肝脏和脾脏中CAT活性在感染后下降,肺脏和肾脏中CAT活性在感染后升高;各组织GSH-Px活性在感染后均有不同程度的下降。表明病理氧化应激参与了球虫感染过程,损伤了机体的氧化平衡。     

茶多酚对活性氧引起的鸡胚睾丸细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

利用精原细胞-体细胞共培养模型研究茶多酚对鸡胚睾丸细胞氧化损伤的缓解作用。结果表明:由次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的活性氧可引起脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的生成量增加、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性降低,而添加0.1μg/mL的茶多酚能降低MDA的生成量、使SOD和GSH-Px的活性恢复到对照组水平。这些结果说明,茶多酚通过抗氧化作用对活性氧引起的鸡胚睾丸细胞的氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

仙人掌提取物对南丹瑶鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究仙人掌提取物对南丹瑶鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,试验选取1600只1日龄南丹瑶鸡作为试验动物并进行为期120 d的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为2组,每组2个重复。在饲养过程中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组全程在基础饲粮中添加仙人掌提取物。结果表明:本试验方案能显著(P0.05)提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的含量和活性,降低血清中丙二醛的含量;显著(P0.05)提高Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、补体C3和补体C4的含量;显著(P0.05)提高血清中钙、磷的含量,降低血清中胆固醇的含量。结论:仙人掌提取物能够显著改善南丹瑶鸡的血液生化指标,提高南丹瑶鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。     

维生素C溶液对热应激蛋仔鸡血清及组织变化的影响

为了探究维生素C溶液对热应激蛋仔鸡血清氧化指标及肝、肾组织变化的影响。本研究选择150只30日龄伊莎褐蛋仔鸡随机分为热应激组、维生素C原粉+热应激组和维生素C溶液+热应激组,在热应激前进行为期7 d的给药期,再分别进行0 h、1 h、3 h、5 h和10 h热应激后,立即采集受试鸡的血及肝、肾组织。通过对血清中维生素C、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的检测和肝肾组织病理学的检查,评价维生素C溶液对缓解受试鸡的肝肾组织细胞热应激损伤的保护作用。在热应激条件下,添加50μg/mL维生素C可以提高血清中维生素C含量,降低血清中MDA水平,减轻热应激导致的肝、肾组织细胞颗粒变性、空泡变性、核浓缩等损伤。维生素C溶液可能通过抗氧化能力而缓解热应激导致的肝、肾组织细胞损伤。     

维生素E对赭曲霉毒素A毒性的缓解作用研究

研究不同水平赭曲霉毒素A对小鼠肾组织脂质过氧化的影响,同时观察维生素E对赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)引起小鼠肾毒性作用的影响.将体质量为22～25 g健康的108只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为9组,每组12只鼠,经灌胃给药.在第7天试验结束后采集小鼠血清和肾组织,测定血清和肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧物酶(GSH-Px)酶活力单位.试验结果表明,CTA可引起小鼠肾组织脂质过氧化反应加剧,降低组织和血清中GSH-Px活性,而添加维生素E可有效缓解小鼠肾组织脂质过氧化反应的程度,显著提高肾组织和血清中GSH-Px活性,同时使SOD活性呈升高趋势,最终提高机体的抗氧化能力.     

孵化过程中鸡胚某些生化变化

<正> 鸡胚在孵化过程中的形态变化,早已被人们所了解;即鸡胚孵化3天后,羊膜腔形成,此后,腔内羊水积累逐渐增多,鸡胚胎就在羊膜腔内的羊水中生长发育。因此,羊膜腔及羊水是保证胚胎正常发育的适宜环境。除此之外,当孵化到第13天后,蛋白囊中蛋白开始进入羊膜腔和羊水混合而被鸡胚所吞食进入消化道、呼吸道(包括气囊)。     

实验性脾虚证与自由基代谢的相关性及四君子汤对其的调整作用

分别用小承气汤和利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型，通过检测血清和心、肝、脾、肾等组织中抗氧化酶SOD和GSHP－Px的活性及脂质过氧化反应终产物MDA含量，研究脾虚证与自由基代谢的相关性及四君子汤对其影响。结果表明：两种方法复制脾虚证模型与对照组比较均表现为SOD活性显著升高（P＜0．05），GSH－Px活性显著降低（P＜0．05）；四君子汤反证治疗组与脾虚证组比较表现为SOD活性显著下降（P＜0．05），GSH－Px活性显著升高（P＜0．05），MDA含量显著降低（P＜0．05），与正常对照组接近。表明大鼠虚证动物模型与体内自由基代谢紊乱，脂质过氧化作用增强存在一定关系，健脾益气方药四君子汤能够提高体内抗氧化酶活性，拮抗自由基对生物膜的过氧化损伤，具有抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用。     

霍山石斛胶囊抗过氧化作用的研究

研究石斛胶囊抗过氧化作用,为其药用价值及药品开发提供试验依据.将石斛胶囊粉剂制备成药液,研究其对小鼠的体外过氧化作用;石斛药液对小鼠进行灌胃给药,观察其对小鼠内脏器官的重量、肝脏和血液中的MDA的含量及SOD、GSH和CAT酶活性等指标的影响.结果表明,维生素C(Vc)-Fe2 诱导明显增加肝匀浆中MDA的生成,石斛胶囊对体外温育和Vc-Fe2 诱导的MDA的生成均有一定的抑制作用并具有明显的剂量效应;低浓度的石斛胶囊药液对小鼠肝线粒体肿胀的抑制就已表现出明显的效果,随着浓度的升高,其抑制程度也逐渐加大;石斛胶囊灌胃给药后小鼠脏器指数均高于对照组;中、高剂量组均能提高肝脏及血液中的SOD及CAT酶活性,并能降低MDA含量,与对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01);可提高肝组织中的GSH酶的活性,但不甚明显,仅有高剂量组与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05).石斛胶囊对于提高机体的抗过氧化作用及免疫机能有一定作用.     

维生素C对建鲤肠上皮细胞氧化损伤保护作用的研究

建鲤肠上皮细胞( IEC)在24孔培养板中原代培养72 h并更换无血清DMEM培养液继续培养12 h后,随机分为7组,每组4个重复.除其中1组作为空白对照外,另外6组均加入100 μmol/L的过氧化氢(H2O2)以建立IEC氧化应激模型.相同条件下继续培养16 h后,将培养液分别更换为含0(空白对照组)、0、4、10、16、22和28 mg/L维生素C的无血清DMEM培养液,相同条件下继续培养72 h后取样测定指标,以考察不同维生素C浓度对H2O2诱导的建鲤IEC氧化损伤的保护作用.结果显示:1)100 μmol/L H2O2处理导致IEC存活数量减少,仅形成一些小细胞集落,并显著降低IEC中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性以及谷胱甘肽和蛋白质含量(P＜0.05),提高IEC中丙二醛及蛋白质羰基含量以及培养液中乳酸脱氢酶活性(P＜0.05),使建鲤IEC产生了氧化应激;2)维生素C显著提高IEC的抗羟自由基能力和抗超氧阴离子自由基能力(P＜0.05),缓解由H2O2导致的建鲤IEC氧化损伤.综上可见,维生素C可提高建鲤IEC抗氧化能力,有效保护IEC免受氧化损伤.     

Effect of short-term hypothermia on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of short-term hypothermia on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) concentrations in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used weighing 180-200 g and on average 3.5 months old. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (without cooling) and hypothermic (with cooling). The rats of the hypothermic group were cooled by immersion into cold water (10-12 degrees C), and the control rats were immersed into water of body temperature (37 degrees C) up to the neck without using any anaesthetic or tranquilizer for 3 min Rectal body temperatures of both groups were measured and blood samples to analyse MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px and G-6-PD were collected immediately after the treatment. It was found that the MDA level was higher and the GSH and G-6-PD levels were lower in the hypothermic group than those in the controls. There was no difference between the control or hypothermic group regarding SOD or GSH-Px levels. It is concluded that acute hypothermia increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the GSH and G-6-PD levels in rats.     

内毒素血症山羊血浆氨基酸含量变化与氧自由基代谢的关系研究

以内毒素诱发山羊微循环障碍为模型,１２只山羊随机分为两组：Ａ组为对照组（Ｎ＝６）,Ｂ组为实验组（Ｎ＝６）。检测内毒素血症山羊血浆１７个氨基酸含量变化,以及氧自由基代谢指标血浆丙二醛含量,超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。     

渗透胁迫下不同地理种源白刺的生理响应

以武威、张掖、酒泉3个地理种源的唐古特白刺为研究对象,测定不同浓度PEG胁迫下白刺的相对含水量、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及抗氧化酶等各生理指标的变化。结果表明,PEG渗透胁迫造成3个种源白刺相对含水量下降,丙二醛积累,同时超氧化物歧化酶活性上升,过氧化氢酶活性先升后降及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量增加,除了3个种源的超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余指标与对照均差异显著(P<0.05)。从相关分析结果看出,3个种源白刺丙二醛与超氧化物歧化酶、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白均呈极显著相关,相对含水量与超氧化物歧化酶、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖均呈极显著负相关,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶之间呈极显著或显著相关;主成分分析看出,白刺的第1主成分为相对含水量、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛和渗透调节物质, 第2主成分为超氧化物歧化酶,第3主成分为过氧化氢酶。在PEG胁迫下,3个地理种源白刺的耐旱性表现为酒泉种源>张掖种源>武威种源。     

共生根瘤菌对NaCl胁迫下紫花苜蓿抗氧化和渗透调节能力的影响

以NaCl胁迫下不同根瘤菌处理的紫花苜蓿为材料,通过测定丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等生理指标,研究共生根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿渗透调节和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌尤其是接种根瘤菌激活的紫花苜蓿丙二醛含量较低,在处理第15天时根、茎、叶中的含量分别为3.90,0.53,4.16 mmol/g DW,均低于其他2种处理;超氧阴离子含量则在0 ~ 15 d中一直为最低;超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,在处理第15天时最高,根、茎、叶中含量分别为1 592.48,1 317.86,2 068.88 U/g DW·h;还原性谷胱甘肽含量稳定;脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量波动较大,总体呈先增长后下降的趋势。说明接种根瘤菌激活的紫花苜蓿具有较强的抗氧化和渗透调节能力。     

An association between the level of oxidative stress and the concentrations of NEFA and BHBA in the plasma of ketotic dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status in ketotic cows. We observed changes in the oxidative status and correlations between the oxidative and metabolic status in non‐ketotic (n = 10), subclinical ketotic (n = 10) and ketotic cows (n = 10). Plasma samples were analysed by standard biochemical techniques and ELISA to determine traditional metabolic parameters: triglyceride (TG), phosphonium (P), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), immune globulin (Ig), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); energy metabolism indices: glucose, β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA); and indices of oxidative status: malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The results of this study showed that plasma glucose levels were lower in ketotic and subclinical ketotic cows than in non‐ketotic cows; however, the plasma NEFA and BHBA concentrations were higher. In addition, significant decreases in TC, HDL and VLDL and significant increases in AST, ALT and LDH were observed in the plasma of the ketotic cows. The ketotic cows showed decreased plasma SOD, CAT, vitamin C and vitamin E, inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity and increased plasma H₂O₂ and MDA. There were positive correlations between the plasma NEFA and ALT, AST, LDH and MDA and negative correlations between the plasma NEFA and TC, HDL, VLDL, SOD, vitamin C, vitamin E, 1542280 uric acid and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. In addition, there were positive correlations between BHBA concentrations and ALT, AST and LDH and negative correlations between plasma BHBA concentrations and TC, HDL, VLDL, vitamin E and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. Overall, ketotic dairy cows experience oxidative stress, which is presumably associated with hyperketonemia and higher NEFA.     

Effects of α-lipoic acid, vitamins E and C upon the heat stress in Japanese quails

Antioxidant vitamins are commonly used as colorant, preventive, sweetener, nutritive and antioxidant materials in food industry. Thus, many studies have been conducted in recent years. We have performed the present study to understand the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), vitamin C and E, added into rations of Japanese quails, on chronic heat stress. This study was carried out in five groups as: control, stress, ALA, vitamin E and vitamin C groups. Heat stress is applied to all groups except the control group. Superficial pectoral muscles tissues were used for biochemical determinations. During the research, it is found that heat stress exerted undesired effects such as increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) level indicating oxidative stress in Japanese quails. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) amounts were studied to understand the behaviour of defence mechanism. While stress increased LPO ratio, it was determined that all antioxidant added into the ration decreases LPO significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that all of antioxidants added into ration effectively restored SOD activity and LPO ratio which heat stress affected negatively. Interestingly, vitamin C did not adjust GSH ratio in contrast to vitamin E and ALA, where vitamin E and C did not perform any positive effect on heat stress decreased CAT activity. Finally, it can be thought that antioxidant vitamins relatively ameliorated these undesired affects caused by stress factors given.     

Serial determination of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dogs with naturally occurring gastric dilatation-volvulus

Objective: To serially determine the biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status of dogs with gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV) over 48 hours. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital intensive care unit. Animals: Thirteen client‐owned dogs with GDV. Interventions: None. Measurement and main results: For all dogs, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were ascertained. Indicators of oxidative stress measured included F_2α‐isoprostanes (isoprostanes) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were measured to assess antioxidant status. Oxidants and antioxidants were measured at the time of admission and at 24 and 48 hours post‐admission. There were significant decreases in vitamin E (P=0.002), vitamin C (P=0.001), ORAC (P=0.02), and MDA (P=0.001) during hospitalization. There was no significant change in GSHPx and isoprostane concentrations over time. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in dogs with GDV change over time. Further studies measuring oxidative stress in more severely affected dogs and performing measurements earlier in the disease process may be beneficial in determining when oxidative stress is most severe during the course of GDV management.