桑叶浸渍消毒对云蚕7、云蚕8种茧育的影响

通过对漂白粉浸渍桑叶消毒后采用不同时间的漂洗、浸渍消毒后不漂洗、桑叶不消毒直接饲养云蚕7、云蚕8原蚕进行了对比试验,结果表明:桑叶浸渍消毒后不漂洗直接晾干后饲养云蚕7、云蚕8的原蚕,4龄起蚕结茧率、4龄起蚕健蛹率、全茧量、茧层量、茧层率、单蛾产卵量、单蛾良卵率、实用孵化率等指标,都比桑叶浸渍消毒后漂洗不同的时间或不消毒直接喂蚕的处理区低;桑叶不消毒直接喂蚕的茧层率及病蛾率最高。从养蚕成绩和一代杂交种质量看,1～3龄蚕用含有效氯0.33%～0.35%、4～5龄蚕用含有效氯0.35%～0.38%的漂白粉澄清液进行桑叶浸渍消毒5 min,滤去药液保持湿润15 min,再用清水漂洗10 min后脱水晾干喂蚕的效果最好。     

试论桑叶全程消毒与添食中存在的问题与改进意见

为防止蚕病食下传染,确保种茧丰收,针对近年来在防止蚕病食下传染工作中存在的问题,提出如下改进意见.四川省在家蚕良种繁育操作规程中规定:采用含有效氯0.3～0.35%的漂白粉澄清液浸泡桑叶,防止病从口入.漂白粉液与桑叶之比为4:1,浸泡桑叶4～5分钟(中途翻叶2～     

秋蚕饲育技术要点

针对秋季气候环境条件,采取相应的技术措施,才能保证秋蚕稳产高产. 1 把好消毒关 在夏蚕饲养结束后,首先进行蚕后消毒,即用2%的福尔马林液或含有效氯1%的漂白粉澄清液将蚕室蚕具先消一次毒后再搬出去清洗,晒干.养蚕前又用含有效氯1%漂白粉液对蚕室蚕具进行消毒,然后用硫磺柏桠熏烟一次,最后开放门窗,准备养蚕.上一季养蚕的大蚕室和上蔟室不能用来养下一季的小蚕.在饲养中要做到蚕期继续消毒,坚持每天用漂白粉防僵粉或新鲜石灰进行蚕体蚕座消毒,如发现病蚕应及时隔离淘汰,除沙时,对死蚕和淘汰的病、弱蚕必须投入石灰缸中集中深埋.除沙后坚持换鞋进出贮桑室,坚持洗手给桑等卫生制度,隔离病源防止蚕病传播蔓延.小蚕期坚持用含有效氯0.3%的漂白粉液进行擦洗桑叶,稍干后再喂蚕.     

不同药剂浸消桑叶对蚕种繁育的影响

桑叶浸渍消毒是防治家蚕微粒子病的有效方法,但桑叶浸消后往往会引起叶质下降,影响蚕种繁育成绩。通过用含0.3%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液、含0.5%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液和2 000倍液消毒精(溴氯海因磷酸三钠)浸消的桑叶饲喂秋丰、白玉的5龄原蚕,调查原蚕的体质、蚕茧质量和一代杂交种质量等主要项目。结果表明:各消毒药剂浸消桑叶均能有效防控微粒子病,春、秋2期用含0.3%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液浸消的桑叶饲育5龄原蚕,原蚕生命力、蚕茧质量、一代杂交种质量等各项指标均显著优于用含0.5%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液处理区,且克蚁制种量春制种(11.45张)高20.65%、秋制种(9.94张)高14.38%;用消毒精2 000倍液浸消的桑叶饲育5龄原蚕,原蚕生命力、蚕茧质量略优于用含0.3%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液处理区,但公斤茧制种量(3.31张)略低于用含0.3%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液处理区(3.35张)。说明用消毒精2 000倍液和用含0.3%有效氯的漂白粉精溶液浸消的桑叶饲育5龄原蚕,对蚕种繁育成绩影响较小。     

“防微”药剂不同使用方式对原种质量的影响

对饲喂在桑园中用250倍液防微灵喷施的桑叶、采回桑叶后用含0．35％有效氯的漂白粉液浸渍的桑叶、在桑园中用250倍液防微灵喷施＋采回后再用含0．35％有效氯的漂白粉液洗消的桑叶,这3种不同方法消毒桑叶的原原种饲养成绩与原种的质量进行了比较,结果表明：1～3龄蚕饲喂在桑园中喷施250倍液防微灵的桑叶,大蚕期饲喂在桑园中喷施250倍液防微灵＋采回桑叶后再用含0．35％有效氯漂白粉液洗消的桑叶,是防治家蚕微粒子病的有效措施。     

漂白粉液对蚕儿、桑叶的影响及微孢子抑制试验(初探)

为了有效控制蚕儿食下传染,根据漂白粉液有效氯对微孢子有杀灭作用的原理,对桑叶实行全程消毒。试验表明:有效氯0.3％以上对家蚕微孢子有抑制作用;有效氯0.3％～0.5％对家蚕发育经过、强健性、全茧量、茧层量、产卵等均无影响;漂白粉液对桑叶消毒,浓度在0.4％,最高不超过0.5％,否则对桑叶叶质有影响。     

晚秋蚕饲养的技术要点

饲养晚秋蚕一般从9月上中旬到1 0月上中旬,虽然饲养时间短,但只要措施得当,经济效益仍十分显著。1　严格消毒,控制蚕病危害饲养晚秋蚕半月前将蚕室打扫干净,蚕具洗净晒干;蚕室地面刮去一层表土填上一层新土,用2 0 %的石灰浆粉刷墙壁;用含有效氯1 %的漂白粉澄清液洒蚕室地面、墙壁和蚕具,关闭门窗保持湿润状态,使其荫干。在饲养过程中,用漂白粉和清洁水兑成含有效氯0 .3%的漂白粉液,小蚕期用新毛巾沾取澄清液将桑叶两面轻轻擦一遍后饲喂,大蚕期在晴天中午用澄清液喷湿叶后饲喂,以防蚕食下病原物;对蚁蚕和各龄起蚕、盛食期蚕各使用一次防僵粉…     

漂白粉液添食效应初探

漂白粉作为一种消毒剂,由于它的广谱性和速效性,在蚕桑生产上广泛应用。它对于几乎所有的病原微生物都有消毒效果,所以在养蚕生产中无论蚕室。蚕具、蚕体、蚕阳都要使用。特别是近几年来.家蚕微粒子病在各地蔓延,严重影响了蚕桑生产的顺利进,为了防治此病,生产上也加大了使用漂白粉的比例.实验证明,漂白粉液能够吏微粒子孢子失活致死,有的种场采用含有效氯0.3—0.5%的漂白粉液进行桑叶消毒饲蚕,防病效果良好.那么,原蚕食下经漂白粉液消毒后的桑叶对蚕体生长发育有否影响?是否会给饲养制种成绩带来不良的效果?本试验的目的旨在对这一问题作一初步的探讨,现将结果报告如下.     

漂白粉液有效氯释放及浸叶过程中变化规律的研究

漂白粉作为养蚕防病的主要消毒药物,对微粒子孢子有较好的杀灭效果.针对其澄清液有效氯含量的稳定性稍差,对其有效氯的释放及有效氯在浸叶过程中的变化规律进行了测定试验.结果是:漂白粉液理论值有效氯含量与实际值有差异,但相对稳定.配制的漂白粉液有效氯理论值含量越低越接近实际值;漂白粉浸消液中有效氯含量以浸叶四次后再重新测定配兑至目的浓度为适.     

环境条件对漂白粉液有效氯浓度的影响

漂白粉病对病毒病、真菌病、微粒子病均有显著的防治效果,已成为生产上不可替代的消毒药剂,无论对蚕室、蚕具、养蚕环境、桑叶、蚕体均具有极好的效果,但漂白粉配制成为漂白液后,其有效氯浓度的含量变化在认识上存在一定误区。为此,我们对生产上不同条件对漂白粉液的有效氯浓度     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.