马尾松吉松叶峰的研究

马尾松吉松叶蜂属松叶蜂科Ｄｉｐｒｉｏｎｉｄａｅ，是危害马尾松的一种新害虫，近年来在安徽滁县沙河集林业总场发生相当严重。经研究，此虫一年发生２代，以预蛹越冬。该幼虫的空间分型为聚集分布，我们编制了“马尾松吉松叶蜂地面茧数”查定表；制定了防治指标；其防治适期为２－３龄幼虫出现高峰期；第１代为５月１５－３０日；第２代为１０月１０－２５日。以２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油等加柴油配成油烟剂进行喷烟防治，效果在９６％     

利用渝林保粉剂防治马尾松腮扁叶蜂试验

3％。渝林保粉剂适用于树木较高、水源缺乏、地形条件较差的林分，防治马尾松腮扁叶蜂等森林害虫。试验结果表明，3％。渝林保粉剂防治马尾松腮扁叶蜂成虫效果可达88．3％，防治幼虫效果可达78．8％，防治后虫口基数下降30％，林分松树针叶保存率在70％以上。     

马尾松腮扁叶蜂幼虫的发育及防治研究

马尾松腮扁叶蜂是马尾松的主要食叶害虫，对该虫幼虫期的生物学特性和防治研究结果表明，运用水剂、烟剂、粉剂防治均可达较满意的效果。单株注干防治效果也不错。2—3龄是防治的有利时机。     

马尾松腮扁叶蜂生物防治初探

1998—2001年在马尾松腮扁叶蜂不同发育时期进行林问调查、室内饲养、室内外试验结果：已发现的马尾松腮扁叶蜂各虫态天敌有20多种，应加以保护利用，提高松树对害虫的自然控制能力；在马尾松腮扁叶蜂虫尸上获得的白僵菌菌株致病力明显优于其它白僵菌菌株；林虫净白僵菌、速效白僵菌对马尾松腮扁叶蜂的控制能力较强，可在生产上推广应用。     

宁国县马尾松林土壤动物和松叶蜂生态学研究

探讨了马尾松林土壤动物和松叶蜂的组成、数量、分布及其与环境的关系。结果表明：森林郁闭度大，林下灌木、草本植物缺少的林地土壤动物组成贫乏、数量少；植被结构复杂的中龄林比幼龄林土壤动物丰富多样；坡麓土壤动物比坡中、坡顶多。只发现宁国县马尾松林中有１种松叶蜂，叫荔蒲古松叶蜂ＧｉｌｐｉｎｉａｌｉｐｕｅｎｓｉｓＸｉａｅｔＨｕａｎｇ，天敌４种：青蜂Ｃｌｅｐｔｅｓｓｐ．瘤角姬蜂Ｐｌｅｏｌｏｐｈｕｓｓｐ．，除姬蜂Ｏｌｅｓｉｃａｍｐｅｓｐ．和选择盆地寄蝇Ｂｅｓｓａｓｅｌｅｃｔａｆｕｇａｘｒｏｎｄａｎｉ。天敌羽化率占总羽化率的５７．５％，叶蜂占４２．５％。空茧量占总茧量６０．６７％。松叶蜂发生与危害程度与气温、降水量、地形以及马尾松林的分布、树龄、林相结构等关系十分密切。     

马尾松古松叶蜂的研究

马尾松吉松叶蜂（ＧｉｌｐｉｎｉａｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａＸｉａｏ）属松叶蜂科Ｄｉｐｒｉｏｎｉｄａｅ，是危害马尾松的一种新害虫，近年来在安徽滁县沙河集林业总场发生相当严重。经研究，此虫一年发生２代，以预蛹越冬。该幼虫的空间分布型为聚集分布，我们编制了“马尾松吉松叶蜂地面茧数”查定表；制定了防治指标；其防治适期为２—３龄幼虫出现高峰期：第１代为５月１５－３０日；第２代为１０月１０—２５日。以２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油２０００—５０００倍液等进行喷雾防治，效果均在９４％以上；以２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油等加柴油配成油烟剂进行喷烟防治，效果在９６％以上。     

马尾松腮扁叶蜂发生与环境关系的调查

马尾松腮扁叶蜂是近10年来我市马尾松林区新发生的一种食害虫，危害严重，防治困难。我们在研究其生物学特性的同时，对其生态学特性进行了研究，初步掌握了危害与海拔、坡向、树种组成等环境因子的关系，现将结果报道于后。     

宁国县马尾松林土壤动物和松叶峰生态学研究

探讨了马尾松林土壤动物和松叶峰的组成、数量、分布及其与环境的关系。结果表明：森林郁闭度大，林下灌木、草本植物缺少的林地土壤动物组成贫乏、数量少；植被结构复杂的中龄林比幼龄林土壤动物丰富多样；坡麓土壤动物比坡中、坡顶多、只发现宁国县马尾松林中有１种松叶蜂，叫荔蒲吉松叶蜂Ｇｉｌｐｉｎｉａ ｌｉｐｕｅｎｓｉｓ Ｘｉａ ｅｔ Ｈｕａｎｇ，天敌４种：青蜂Ｃｌｅｐｔｅｓ ｓｐ．瘤角姬蜂Ｐｌｅｏｌｐｐｈｕｓ ｓ     

我国松叶蜂的发生与治理对策

松叶蜂自八十年代以来，已逐步上升为我国森林的重要害虫，且在局部地区猖獗危害，有关省区积极组织了防治，收到了较好的防治效果。本文回顾了我国松叶蜂发生和防治的历史与现状，总结了近十年来松叶蜂防治的成功经验，提出松叶蜂综合治理对策。     

宣威地区松叶蜂种类及其防治措施

松叶蜂是宣威地区针叶林的重要食叶性害虫。近年来，通过开展松叶蜂种类的专题调查，发现该区有松叶蜂科昆虫4属6个种，占目前云南省记载6属16个种的37．5％。其中，在宣威分布较广泛且危害严重的是广西新松叶蜂、南华松叶蜂和迪萨小松叶蜂。对这3种主要的松叶蜂进行了生物学特性观察和药物防治试验，并提出了综合防治措施。     

薄壳山核桃八角主要害虫的天敌类群及其分布

在云南省薄壳山核桃和八角主要种植区进行这2种干果经济林主要害虫的天敌类群调查,共获得主要害虫寄生性天敌25种,捕食性天敌45种,对天敌类群的分布规律进行了分析.研究结果表明,云南省薄壳山核桃和八角林内主要害虫的天敌资源比较丰富,天敌的类群及数量与林木受病虫的危害程度有一定的相关性,即在危害严重的种植园中,天敌的数量也相对较多.利用天敌资源控制主要害虫应是可行的.     

释放寄生性天敌昆虫对美国白蛾种群数量的调控作用研究

用2年时间,在通辽市美国白蛾发生区研究了释放寄生性天敌昆虫周氏啮小蜂和赤眼蜂防治该害虫的效果和种群数量调控情况.结果表明:林间释放周氏啮小蜂对美国白蛾蛹的寄生率为69％、天敌总寄生率为92％、防治效果为87.4％,林间释放赤眼蜂对美国白蛾卵的防治效果为78.7％.利用天敌防治美国白蛾方法有利于其他天敌种群自然繁育,无抗...     

安阳市园林植物昆虫天敌分类

安阳地区园林植物上天敌昆虫种类较多,保护利用各种天敌资源对控制病虫害的发生有着重要意义。在2008年至2011年,结合林业害虫天敌资源普查,对安阳地区园林天敌做了较为细致的调查研究,现已初步查明的园林植物天敌有19个科58种。对天敌的保护利用提出了具体的建议和措施,以期为园林植物的恢复提供依据。     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

几种无污染农药对园林害虫主要天敌的影响试验

作者经数年工作，筛选出抗生素，植物性药剂等可杀死各类害虫且对环境不构成污染的农药，为检验这些药剂在田间对天敌昆虫的影响，在喷药后的1天，10天，20天用捕网法查验，验证结果，所选药剂对天敌的保护作用均优于化学农药。     

槐豆木虱预测预报及综合防治技术

槐豆木虱,是近年来临夏地区在国槐上严重发生的害虫之一。运用越冬成虫发生预测、历期法、物候法、有效基数预测法,预测预报下一虫态的发生期和虫口数量,提出了加强树体管理、调整树种结构、生物药剂防治、物理防治及保护和利用国槐上捕食性天敌的自然控制作用相结合的多种防治措施,为更好地开展槐豆木虱防治工作提供了重要依据。     

P-1拒避剂防治森林鼠害推广试验

该文详细介绍了P-1拒避剂防治森林鼠害试验结果，室内试验报道了阻隔法和包埋法，体现了药剂的预防和保护效能。室外试验蘸苗法防治效果明显；喷雾法效果不理想；喷干法和涂干法与对照比较效果最好，差异极为显著。P-1拒避剂是一种高效低毒生物制剂，对害鼠天敌、非靶动物无毒害，药效持久，1次施药效果可达2a以上。在退耕还林地、人工造林地适合采用P-1拒避剂喷干、涂干法。     

Population dynamics of herbivorous insects and potential arthropod natural enemies on Alnus species in Kabale district, Uganda

Monitoring populations of pests and their natural enemies under different management situations and seasonal weather parameters provides extremely useful information for taking preventive measures against pest outbreaks. The abundance, spatial and temporal distributions of herbivorous insects and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus species were monitored at four sites in Kabale district, Uganda between June 1999 and August 2000. Chewing insects, dominated by Coleoptera (75%), constituted the majority of insect herbivores sampled. Dominant and potentially serious pests of Alnus included Apion globulipenne, an unidentified Chrysomelidae (Coleopt. 27), Phymateus viridipes, Coloborrtics corticina and a Cacopsylla species (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Spiders were the predominant natural enemies accounting for 64% of the total natural enemies encountered, followed by parasitic Hymenoptera (30%). There were marked spatial and temporal variations in arthropod abundance. Among sites, mean abundance of total insect herbivores and total natural enemies on A. acuminata over 15 months ranged from 3.8–8.5 and 3.3–4.7 individuals per 1-m branch length respectively. Over the same period, mean number of total insect herbivores and total natural enemies on A. nepalensis that was studied at only one site were 11.9 herbivores and 4.2 natural enemies per 1-m branch length. Populations of most insect orders increased in the wet season although the greatest herbivore abundance was evident in the dry season. Further studies are necessary on the impact and management strategies of the potentially important insect pests and natural enemies on Alnus.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄脊竹蝗生物学特性及其天敌保护利用

黄脊竹蝗(Ceracris kiangsu Tsai)是严重危害毛竹林的主要害虫之一,通过2006—2009年在桃江县进行生物学特性观察和防治试验,基本摸清了黄脊竹蝗的生物学特性和天敌种类。该虫在湖南省桃江县一年仅发生1代,以卵在土壤中越冬,翌年5月上旬开始孵化,6月底开始羽化成虫,8月上旬开始交尾产卵,9月下旬成虫大量死亡。该虫天敌种类较多,其中卵期主要天敌为红头豆芫菁、黑卵蜂;成虫期主要天敌为鸟类、寄生蝇等。     

Unravelling pest infestation and biological control in low-input orchards: the case of apple blossom weevil

Low-input farming is an alternative production system that provides a great opportunity to disentangle the natural mechanisms regulating crop pests, since neither pests nor their natural enemies are disrupted by pesticides. Here, we use a key apple pest in Europe, the apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum), as a model case to unravel the factors driving pest infestation and its biological control in a low-input context, namely the cider apple orchards of NW Spain. We applied a holistic approach based on the complete life cycle of the pest and combined large-scale observation (23 orchards) with small-scale experimental assessment. Weevil attack (0.4–37.4% of flowers) increased with the proportion on apple trees in the immediate orchard neighbourhood and with semi-natural woody habitat in the surrounding landscape and decreased with tree distance to orchard edge and apple bloom level. Thus, the prevalence of the pest depended on the availability of the various resources required for foraging, egg-lying and overwintering. Three types of natural enemies supplied complementary pest control by preying on weevils at different stages in their life cycle: seven parasitoid species attacked immature weevils (6.4–81.5%), while the additive effects of birds and crawling arthropods were evident in terms of the removal of adult weevils (31–44%). We conclude that the effective biological control of A. pomorum can be achieved in low-input systems to maintain the pest at non-harmful levels, through combined management of the pest, its habitat and its natural enemies.