浅析鄂尔多斯地区园林植物资源的开发利用

文章在分析野生植物资源开发现状的基础上,论述了鄂尔多斯地区园林植物资源开发利用的现实意义,阐述了鄂尔多斯地区植物资源在园林绿化中的具体应用方法,为地区园林植物资源的开发和利用提供指导。     

晋城市园林植物保护现状及可持续发展对策

园林植物保护要走可持续发展道路。在病虫害防治上应从生态学角度出发,采取减少化学农药使用量、保护天敌、维护园林生态稳定等措施,确保园林植物的可持续发展。     

浅析园林植物病害的发生原因及综合防治

当前城市园林植物病虫害发生越来越重,时常出现个别病虫害在某一地区大爆发的情况,给城市的园林绿化工作造成了很大障碍和经济损失。文章对城市园林植物病虫害发生的主要原因进行了分析,提出了以生态学为基础,充分考虑园林植物、病虫及天敌三者之间的关系。综合运用各种防治手段,以农业防治为主预防或减少病虫害的发生,建立一个以园林植物为主体的相对平衡的生态体系,从而控制有害生物危害的园林植物保护策略。     

我区首次完成园林植物害虫天敌资源调查

由茹奕崇、黄瑞清、郑容宾和黎晓红合作完成的园林植物害虫天敌资源调查研究获得1988年南宁市科技进步二等奖(1987年通过鉴定的成果)。     

西藏山南地区园林植物调查研究

通过对山南地区野生类园林植物资源和栽培类园林植物资源种类、生长状况和园林应用情况的调查研究和分析,为今后该地区园林植物的规划利用提供参考依据,以便于进行适当调整,使园林绿化植物的搭配更趋于合理。     

抚顺地区森林昆虫资源调查研究

调查了解森林昆虫种类组成，以及不同林分类型的森林害虫分布范围和危害状况，林木害虫的天敌种类、数量及利用价值等，不仅对治理森林害虫，保护森林安全发挥积极作用，而且对天敌昆虫的利用提供理论依据。于1984-1995年，对辽宁省抚顺地区的森林昆虫资源进行了较深入的调查研究。通过调查，已发现该地区的森林昆虫种类有18目、185科、l660种，基本摸清了各林分娄型的主要森林昆虫种类．并提出了防治对策。     

湛江城市园林乡土植物的利用现状及建议

对湛江地区的乡土园林植物的利用状况进行了概述,主要对乔灌草类植物进行分析。结合园林植物的功能筛选出一些较好的乡土园林植物,并提出了加强乡土园林植物利用的建议,对湛江地区的园林绿化提供一定的科学依据。     

湿地公园建设中的湿地恢复与生态旅游开发——以安阳漳河峡谷国家湿地公园修建项目为例

针对河南安阳漳河峡谷国家湿地公园的规划设计,探讨了如何在保护现有湿地资源的基础上,进一步改善湿地生态环境,恢复生物的多样性,为人们提供良好的生态环境、科普教育基地和亲近自然的游憩场所,并带动安阳的生态旅游业,为区域经济可持续发展奠定基础。将河南安阳漳河峡谷国家湿地公园打造成湿地资源“保护、利用、提升”的国家级示范公园。     

园林植物病虫害系统控制的几点思考

分析了园林植物病虫害系统控制的重要性,针对园林病虫害系统控制的特殊性,从园林健康方面,提出了园林植物病虫害系统控制需注意的几个主要问题:园林工作者要具有园林健康意识,注重园林植物病虫害系统控制的科学性和前瞻性;建立本地区的园林植物病虫害和天敌以及小环境的系统网络体系,重视园林植物病虫害系统控制的目标化;乡土树种的合理利用和优质苗木的选育;进一步探索园林健康及病虫害系统控制的论证。     

茂兰保护区资源昆虫初步研究

资源昆虫可分为直接资源昆虫和间接资源昆虫.本文就茂兰保护区的资源昆虫即药用、食用、观赏、传粉、天敌等昆虫进行了初步研究,并对资源昆虫的保护与利用提出了建议.     

枣园生态系统中主要害虫、天敌生态位及种间竞争的研究

对太谷地区枣园生态系统中主要害虫、天敌的时间、空间生态位及不同营养层物种间竞争进行了调查研究。结果表明，在利用相同资源的物种中，存在着程度不同的生态位重叠和种间竞争现象。枣园间作物(或杂草的有无)和用药与否对时间生态位的宽度有明显的影响，但对生态位重叠与种间竞争的大小以及空间生态位的宽度没有影响；明确了害虫与天敌在时间与空间序列上的分布变化规律，为枣树害虫的综合生态调控提供了科学依据。     

Combining banker plants to achieve long-term pest control in multi-pest and multi-natural enemy cropping systems

Banker plants increase biological pest control by supporting populations of non-pest arthropod species, used as alternative hosts or prey by natural enemies. Due to the specificity of trophic interactions, banker plants may not efficiently promote natural enemies with different ecologies. Yet in most cropping systems, different pest species are present together and require different biocontrol agents to efficiently control them. In the present study, we tested the combined use of two banker plants and their associated prey/host to enhance populations of the specialist parasitoid Encarsia formosa targeting the main tomato pest Bemisia tabaci, and a polyphagous ladybird Propylea japonica targeting the secondary pest Myzus persicae in tomato crops. In a laboratory and a greenhouse experiment, we measured the abundances of these four species using the Ricinus communis—Trialeurodes ricini banker plant system alone, in combination with the Glycines max—Megoura japonica system, or in absence of banker plants. We found that the first banker plant system enhanced populations of E. formosa, resulting in increased suppression of B. tabaci populations and the suppression of their outbreak in both our laboratory and greenhouse experiment. Conversely, abundances of P. japonica were not affected by this first system, but were significantly increased when the second was present. This resulted in increased control of M. persicae populations and the suppression of their early and late outbreaks. Our study demonstrates the potential for combined banker plants to provide long-term, sustainable control of multiple pests by their target natural enemies in complex agroecosystems.

     

花木配置与园林艺术——万科上海白马花园植物配置中的一点体会

通过植物造蒂配置原则的应用，发挥花木美为主的造景手法，来体现园林美和自然美，模拟再现自然景观，为城市居民提供接近自然的风景，是园林植物配置所要着意创造的景观。     

The effect of landscape context on the biological control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitobion avenae</Emphasis>: temporal partitioning response of natural enemy guilds

Landscape contexts with high complexity may promote diversity of natural enemies, although the effect on biocontrol remains under discussion. Although biocontrol of Sitobion avenae is a well-studied system, little is known about the temporal effect of landscape context on the natural enemy assemblages. In a previous study, we showed a positive effect of predators in the decline of aphids; however, this effect had a temporal pattern responding to different landscape contexts. We study here two contrasting agricultural contexts, high landscape complexity with low intensification and low complexity with high intensification. Abundance and diversity of parasitoids was examined via a molecular approach, using a combination of diagnostic multiplex and singleplex PCR assays to test field-collected samples of S. avenae with genus- and species-specific parasitoid primer pairs. Temporal population dynamics were analyzed and differences related to these two contexts were observed. Parasitism rates were greater in the mid-sampling dates in high intensification simple landscapes, which were not observed for the low intensification complex landscapes. According to our results, we suggest that the greater landscape complexity in combination with a low agricultural intensification increase negative interactions for parasitoid population built-up; however, early predation by coccinellids was able to control the aphid populations. In contrast, under a simple landscape context with a high agricultural intensification, our results suggest an important role of parasitism with a complementary effect of late predation. We highlight the importance of different natural enemy guilds and their temporal dynamics under contrasting agricultural settings to further understand the relationship between functional diversity and biological control.     

杭州龙井茶室周围植物景观探究

采用实地调查并结合查阅相关文献的方法,对杭州龙井茶室周围植物景观的空间及植物与建筑、水体、山径的结合等方面进行分析与总结,探索有关自然山林植物景观的营造方法,可为今后园林中自然山林景观的营造提供参考。     

松山自然保护区核桃楸扁叶甲的发生与防治

2007年6月在松山自然保护区发现核桃楸扁叶甲虫害严重,通过对扁叶甲的生活形态、世代、食性、天敌的观察及核桃楸受虫害程度的普查,得出了虫害的特点,并针对其发生面积大,制定了以生物、物理和化学方法为主要手段的可控防治措施,以期为有关部门提供采取可控防治措施的参考资料,有效控制病虫害,对保护松山地区的特殊植被具有重要意义。     

Quantifying the respective and additive effects of nectar plant crop borders and withholding insecticides on biological control of pests in subtropical rice

Conservation biological control avoids the need for mass releases of costly agents and the risks associated with introducing exotic agents by promoting existing natural enemies. This is done by alleviating insecticide-induced mortality and by manipulating the habitat to provide resources such as nectar, but there is a dearth of information on the relative and interactive effects of these two approaches. Here we used a large-scale factorial experiment with plots comprised of entire fields to test the effects of, and interactions between, withholding insecticides and planting borders of sesame (Sesamum indicum) on natural enemies and pests over 2 years. We used yellow sticky traps, sweeping netting and sentinel bait plants to monitor natural enemies and pests in the canopy and basal zones of the rice crop. Numbers of rice planthopper egg parasitoids and lepidopterous egg parasitoids in the rice canopy, as well as planthopper parasitism rates, were significantly greater in plots that were unsprayed and bordered by sesame, and scarcest in sprayed crops without sesame. Spraying of sesame-bordered crops gave parasitoid numbers similar to sprayed crops without sesame. Spiders in the canopy were significantly reduced in numbers by spraying, but there was no main effect of sesame borders. This study demonstrates that withholding insecticides and sowing nectar plant borders each have measurable as well as additive benefits on in-crop densities of ecosystem service providers responsible for predating and parasitising pests but the identity of the natural enemy determines the impact of these management practices.     

深圳梅林山公园乡土植物群落景观设计

合理应用乡土观赏植物,营造"近自然"植物群落景观,是当今园林绿化的发展趋势。深圳市梅林山公园具有丰富的植被类型和植物资源,绿化设计根据现有植被类型的不同特点,提出相应的改造和恢复方法。对于生态和景观效益好的沟谷季雨林、低地常绿季雨林、山地常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶混交林,采用封山育林的策略,促进其自然演替;对于人工林、果林、灌草丛、防火林和采石场,有针对性的选取优良乡土植物进行改造和恢复;对于景区和登山路的绿化设计,采用乡土和园林植物相结合,营造自然、美观、保健和生态的群落景观。     

祁连山东大河林区天敌昆虫种类调查

记述了祁连山自然保护区东大河林区森林害虫天敌昆虫6目20科86种,其中,捕食性天敌昆虫有80种,占93.02%;寄生性天敌昆虫有6种,占6.98%。     

Natural enemies of the South American moth, Tuta absoluta, in Europe, North Africa and Middle East, and their potential use in pest control strategies

The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an invasive Neotropical pest. After its first detection in Europe, it rapidly invaded more than 30 Western Palaearctic countries becoming a serious agricultural threat to tomato production in both protected and open-field crops. Among the pest control tactics against exotic pests, biological control using indigenous natural enemies is one of the most promising. Here, available data on the Afro-Eurasian natural enemies of T. absoluta are compiled. Then, their potential for inclusion in sustainable pest control packages is discussed providing relevant examples. Collections were conducted in 12 countries, both in open-field and protected susceptible crops, as well as in wild flora and/or using infested sentinel plants. More than 70 arthropod species, 20 % predators and 80 % parasitoids, were recorded attacking the new pest so far. Among the recovered indigenous natural enemies, only few parasitoid species, namely, some eulophid and braconid wasps, and especially mirid predators, have promising potential to be included in effective and environmentally friendly management strategies for the pest in the newly invaded areas. Finally, a brief outlook of the future research and applications of indigenous T. absoluta biological control agents are provided.