刍议农业结构调整必须思考的几个问题--1、利用市场机制调整农业结构

本文阐述利用市场机制调整农业结构，是当前解决农业结构不合理问题的根本对策。     

中国水稻研究所试验场稳步调整农业结构努力提高农业效益

近年来 ,围绕完成中国水稻研究所领导任期责任目标 ,中国水稻研究所试验场在场长汪森煜的带领下积极、稳妥地推行内部改革 ,调整农业生产结构 ,采取了一系列新的措施 :取消了农田生产的指令性计划 ;扩大了农业承包户的经营自主权 ;经济上扶持农业规模较大、生产效益较好的承包户 ,并给予表彰 ;为农户提供生产技术指导、市场供求信息等方面的服务。通过上述举措 ,大大激发了农业承包户的生产积极性和投资热情 ,使全场农业产业结构得以稳步调整 ,农业经济效益显著提高。目前 ,通过调整农业产业结构 ,调整粮经作物和养殖业的比例。稻田养虾达20…     

依靠科技进步 进一步调优盐城市农业产业结构几个问题的思考

探讨在农业产业结构战略性调整中，必须根据国内外市场需要，依靠科学技术的强大动力，加快农业结构的调整和优化以及创新农业科技成果开发推广机制的几个问题，提出了相应的对策。     

试论影响我县农业结构调整的几个因素

慈利县通过三年的农业结构调整,粮食生产连年丰收,人平产值增高,人民生活日益改善,农业结构趋于科学合理,土壤肥力得到改良。要进一步调整农业结构,慈利县要注意克     

刍议农业结构调整必须思考的几个问题--2、依靠科技进步调整农业结构

本文简要地阐述依靠科技进步调整农业结构。推进农业科技进步，依靠科技改良品种是农业发展的根本出路。     

大力发展有特色的商品农业

根据当前的农业生产经营格局，提出了调整湖南省农业结构的设想，即面向市场，大力发展有特色的商品农业，创造具有区域特色、品种特色和时令特色的农业产业结构。     

浅谈入世对我省北部高寒区玉米育种的影响

随着我国加入世界贸易组织,农业结构的调整和近些年来畜牧业的发展,我省北部高寒区域的农业种植结构受到了一定的影响.广大农民对作物品种的需求发生了变化,由原来的麦、豆种植而逐步转向大豆、玉米的生产.作为玉米育种工作者,如何调整自己的研究方向,以适应广大农民对品种的需求,已成为当务之急.本文着重阐述了在今后几年内的育种目标调整问题。     

对古田县农业和农村经济结构调整的思考

农业经济结构调整是增加农民收入 ,增强农业发展后劲 ,促进农村经济可持续发展的重要途径 ,也是当前农业和农村工作的中心任务。本文针对古田县农业经济结构存在的问题 ,探讨调整农业经济结构的对策 ,期望对山区县份的农业经济结构调整有所裨益。1　古田农业经济结构存在的问题古田县位于福建省中部偏北 ,是一个典型的山区农业县。改革开放二十多年来 ,古田县农业和农村经济取得了长足的发展 ,农业总产值持续增长 ,农民人均收入大幅度提高 ,但与农业发达县份相比 ,在经济总量和经济效益上存在较大反差 ,究其原因主要是农业经济结构不合理 ,…     

盘锦市农业和农村经济结构调整初探

当前，我国农业和农村经济发展已进入新的阶段，面对加入WTO后对农业的挑战和激烈国际市场竞争，新一轮的农业结构调整正在全国范围内进行。大力推进农业和农村经济结构战略性调整，全面提高农业和农村经济素质，提高农业整体效益，解决农产品供求失调，促进农业结构优化升级，已成为农业发展面临的一项重大课题。下面，本人就盘锦市农业结构调整问题做以初探。一、目前进展情况盘锦市农业和农村经济结构调整起步于９０年代初期，是在实施“五色农业工程”的基础上起步运作的。特别是近五年来，伴随着产业结构调整步伐的加快，我市的农业…     

搞好茶叶优化改造提升茶叶产业

茶树良种化是实现茶叶产业升级的基础，茶树品种改良可调整农业结构。逐步从数量型向素质型转变，从品种调整转向品质调整，调整的核心是提高茶叶质量，促进茶叶产业升级，实现优质高效。进一步推动名优茶生产的发展，有利于推行机械化作业，最终增强市场竞争力，达到农业增效，农民增收。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。