湖南丘陵地区猪舍建设中的问题与改进办法

湖南丘陵区的气候特点,决定了猪舍建筑的要求.调查表明,目前该地区猪舍建设存在问题较多,主要表现在猪舍的隔热、通风和防潮方面.本文提出了在选址、猪舍式样、顶部隔热、通风、排水等方面的改进措施,对本省养猪生产有一定指导意义.     

标准化示范猪场建设——标准化规模化猪场中猪舍的环境控制

猪舍环境是影响生猪生产的重要因素．为了提高标准化规模化猪场生产力水平,分析了环境因素对生猪生产力的影响,对猪舍环境控制措施进行了阐述。猪舍环境影响生猪生产力主要表现在其影响仔猪成活率和繁殖猪的繁殖性能。猪舍环境控制包括舍内有害气体减排、供暖、通风与降温。其中,猪舍内有害气体可以通过改进饲养管理及舍内设施的设计进行控制。冬季供暖通风主要应从提高猪舍围护结构的保温节能效果和配置必须的供暖设施并合理组织通风几个方面同时着手。夏季隔热降温应从提高猪舍围护结构的隔热性能并采取适宜的降温措施综合考虑。     

标准化规模化猪场中猪舍的环境控制

猪舍环境是影响生猪生产的重要因素,为了提高标准化规模化猪场生产力水平,分析了环境因素对生猪生产力的影响,对猪舍环境控制措施进行了阐述。猪舍环境影响生猪生产力主要表现在其影响仔猪成活率和繁殖猪的繁殖性能。猪舍环境控制包括舍内有害气体减排、供暖、通风与降温。其中,猪舍内有害气体可以通过改进饲养管理及舍内设施的设计进行控制。冬季供暖通风主要应从提高猪舍围护结构的保温节能效果和配置必须的供暖设施并合理组织通风几个方面同时着手。夏季隔热降温应从提高猪舍围护结构的隔热性能并采取适宜的降温措施综合考虑。     

规模化猪场猪舍环境控制措施

良好的猪舍环境是保障猪健康生长的重要因素,不仅能加快仔猪的生长发育,还能提高种猪的繁殖性能。养猪生产中存在猪舍通风不畅、降温设施陈旧、供暖方式单一等问题,严重影响猪的健康生长。本文剖析了环境因素对猪生产力的影响,并从减少有害气体排放、强化猪舍供暖通风、完善隔热降温设施等方面提出了优化猪舍环境控制措施。     

猪中暑的预防和治疗

猪中暑的预防和治疗在炎热的夏季，外界气温过高，如果圈舍隔热性能差，通风不良，猪饮水不足，密度过大及在烈日下运动，装运等都会引起猪中暑。１预防猪中暑的措施１．１改善饲养条件目前，许多地区都在推广封闭式猪舍，同传统猪舍相比，它具有良好的隔热性能，冬暖夏凉...     

猪舍的环境控制

猪舍靠外围护结构不同程度地与外界隔绝,形成不同于舍外的舍内小气候,使猪群免受酷暑严寒和风吹日晒的影响。外围护结构设计是否合理,决定了猪舍的小气候状况。为猪创造适宜的生活环境,通过合理设计猪舍的保温隔热性能，组织有效的通风换气，采光照明和供水排水，并根据具体情况采用供暖、降温、通风、光照、空气处理等设备，给猪创造一个符合其生理要求和行为习性的适宜环境。     

标准化猪舍设计技术

标准化猪舍的特点是分段饲养、全进全出;保温隔热;机械通风;水帘降温;自动饮水、自由采食;暖风、地热供暖;设立戏水池、减少废气.标准化猪舍能够最大限度地挖掘猪的最大生产潜力,提高生产效率,从而提高养猪业的经济效益,本文从猪舍的建筑、猪场的设施、环境控制几个方面介绍了标准化猪舍的设计方案,仅供养猪户参考.     

猪舍通风——为猪提供最佳的生活环境(续)

<正>10.6以稻草为垫料的有刮粪通道的猪舍10.6.1猪舍和问题猪会将粪尿排在猪舍中间和躺卧区。10.6.2猪舍这是一种门架式高屋顶型不保温不隔热的猪舍。该猪舍中的猪圈以横跨整栋猪舍的宽度方式排列,刮粪通道位于猪圈靠墙的每一端。侧墙安装了可以自动调节的窗帘以控制通风,猪舍的屋脊为开放式(开口固定)。猪舍内有两条走道,宽2.4 m,比猪高约2 m。没有猪窝。猪舍利用横向通风和烟囱通风相结合的方     

猪舍的屋顶结构与隔热层

1屋顶结构改进的前敞开式猪舍,拥有良好的隔热性能,自然通风良好,应采用单向坡屋顶(棚式屋顶)。安装在前墙的可调节通风门或塑料窗帘,能提供良好的通风效果。拥有屋顶橼的教堂式天花板,这种天花板能增加猪舍的通风量,使猪舍更加适宜于自然通风。天花     

发酵床养猪成功的几个关键点

1猪舍建设1.1猪舍的模式可采用砖混结构的永久猪舍或塑料大棚式猪舍,其跨度一般8.0～10.0米,高度一般不低于2.5米。墙壁与屋顶要注意隔热。1.2良好的通风可以调节猪舍的温度和湿度,保证发酵床内垫料顺利发酵,营造猪只舒适的生活环境,因此通风窗的设计非常重要。     

Effect of aeration in reducing phytotoxicity in anaerobic digestion liquor of swine manure

Numerous reports have accumulated concerning the quality of solid compost. In contrast, there are few for the residue of anaerobic digestion. In this study, the fertilizer value of anaerobic digestion liquor (ADL) was evaluated, and the effect of aeration on the reduction of the phytotoxicity was examined by a germination assay. Low or high aeration (100 or 400 mL/min) was added to 3 L of ADL obtained from a mixture of pig manure and garbage by using 5‐L jar fermenters under a controlled temperature of 30°C. During the 14‐day aeration period, a high aeration rate improved the germination index (GI) score from 5.7% to nearly 80%, while a low aeration rate did not. Although organic matter decomposition, determined as chemical oxygen demand, did not differ with aeration intensity, remarkable differences were observed in the time course of changes in pH, electric conductivity and ammonium‐nitrogen (NH₄‐N) and total nitrogen (T‐N) content. Among these parameters, the NH₄‐N concentration correlated highly with the GI score (r = 0.986). The primary phytotoxic element in ADL was considered to be NH₄‐N, and the stripping of ammonia (NH₃) by high aeration resulted in the improvement of the GI score. Although the ratio of major nutrients N : P₂O₅ : K₂O (1:0.41:0.94) in ADL was at nearly same level as conventional liquid fertilizer, special attention should be paid to the high concentration of NH₃ when drawing up a fertilization plan.     

湖南地方猪种群亲缘关系的生化遗传学研究

采用改进的淀粉凝胶电泳测定了湖南地方猪11个种群的T_f 、Pa、Hpx、Po、Cp、Am多态性,统计和计算了基因频率,标准遗传距离及其位点内取样方差,作了聚类分析。揭示了湖南地方猪种6个血清蛋白质位点的遗传规律;将湖南地方猪11个种群分为3类。分析了湖南地方猪与江西、东亚地方猪和美国猪种的遗传关系。     

散养湘西黄牛精液的采集与异地冷冻保存技术研究

通过散养湘西黄牛的精液采集与冷冻保存,有利于收集多个优良血缘,降低种公牛站内种公牛的饲养成本。2010年5月,在张家界市永定区湘西黄牛保种区,挑选年龄为2~4岁,特级种公牛10头,进行精液采集与冷冻保存。结果表明：10头未调教的公牛中,除2头（3号、7号）没有采精调教成功外,其它8头都可采精。每次采精3回,平均每次的射精量在2.33~7.66 mL、平均每次原精密度在7.18×108~1.51×109之间变化。不同个体的射精量与密度没有显著相关性。冻后细管精液在37~39℃温水中进行解冻,冻后活力在0.35~0.45之间,均能达到国家牛冷精液生产标准要求,10头公牛中有8头共生产冷冻精液3537支。因此,在保种区域现场采精,稀释处理后送至种公牛站实施湘西黄牛冻精生产的方法是可行的。     

湖南地区柑橘类植物景观资源的分析及配置模式研究

柑橘类植物株型饱满、花繁香郁、秋季金果累累。柑橘象征品性高洁,寓意吉祥安康,再加上特殊的药用价值和芳香功能,使之能成为一种优良的现代景观植物。湖南地区柑橘资源丰富,诸多品种同时具备观赏性、食用性及药用价值。本文分析了湖南地区柑橘类植物的生长习性、观赏特点,挖掘其在园林景观设计上的应用价值,提出了适合这类植物的果林式、庭荫式、盆栽式和篱垣式四种园林配置方式,为园林设计中植物选择和配置提供参考。     

国家果树种质郑州葡萄圃种质分发与利用状况分析

种质分发与利用是国家果树种质郑州葡萄圃的主要任务之一，自2000年国家科技基础条件平台建设以来，葡萄研究、育种和生产工作不断得到重视，葡萄种质资源的社会需求不断加大，种质分发利用的数量持续增加。统计结果表明，15年来，国家果树种质郑州葡萄圃共向国内273家科研院所、企业和生产单位分发各种质材料11,082份次，被广泛用于新品种选育、基础研究和研究生试验等，分发的种质以科研单位和高校为多，主要集中在江苏、湖南、河南和北京等省市，鲜食葡萄种质的分发仍占绝对优势，与我国的葡萄生产状况基本一致，同时，种质资源在基础理论研究中的重要性日益凸出，并对葡萄种质资源分发与利用存在的问题提出了对策。     

Hemagglutinating and hydrophobic surface properties of salmonellae producing enterotoxin neutralized by cholera anti-toxin

Eleven Salmonella strains known to produce enterotoxin under aerobic culture conditions in deferrated (DF) medium at 37°C were shown to produce enterotoxin with and without aeration at 22, 28, 37 and 42°C. Heat-labile enterotoxin was generally produced with growth temperatures up to 37°C irrespective of aeration. Heat-stable enterotoxin was produced up to 42°C, mainly aerobically, as indicated by infant mouse assay (IMA), by six of the eleven strains tested. Nine strains produced heat-stable rapid permeability factor (RPF) in rabbit skin.Cholera anti-toxin neutralized reactivities of Salmonella heat-labile enterotoxin in four different biological assays. Mixed gangliosides also neutralized this activity in the cell—test systems.With guinea-pig erythrocytes, all strains underwent mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) irrespective of growth temperatures, i.e. 22 and 37°C or medium, i.e., DF, tryptose soy broth (TSB) and colonization factor antigen (CFA) agar. At both growth temperatures, CFA agar-grown cells of each strain caused MRHA of bovine erythrocytes. Excepting three Salmonella typhimurium strains, DF broth-grown cells gave MRHA of bovine, chicken and human group A erythrocytes, CFA agar-grown cells caused MRHA of chicken and human blood, whereas TSB-grown cells caused few MRHA reactions.Salmonellae producing both heat-stable, (ST) and heat-labile, (LT) enterotoxins adsorbed to Phenyl Sepharose whereas salmonellae that produced only LT enterotoxin did not.The presence of MRHA adhesions did not correlate with cell-surface hydrophobicity. However, mannose-resistant hemagglutinins may occur more commonly among salmonellae than has been previously recognized.     

甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度土壤性状研究

为探究海拔高度与草甸湿地土壤性状之间的关系,对甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度的土壤理化性状进行研究,在不同海拔高度设置样地,对土壤进行分层取样,室内测定土壤水分含量、容重、孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量和pH值。结果表明:尕海草甸湿地物理性质随着海拔高度的增加表现有所不同,其中湿地的土壤含水量、土壤通气度和总孔隙度均表现出随海拔高度上升而升高的趋势,与海拔存在显著相关性,而容重、非毛管孔隙度和毛管孔隙度随海拔高度的上升变化规律不明显,与海拔相关性不强;湿地土壤有机质、土壤全氮、全磷和pH值均表现为高海拔高于低海拔,全钾表现为高海拔低于低海拔;除全钾外,尕海草甸湿地土壤其他化学性质均随海拔高度的增加而增加,但和海拔并不都成显著相关。该湿地应结合当地植被类型和土壤状况,针对不同海拔草甸湿地土壤的特点,采取合理的管理模式,改善湿地生态环境,以维护其健康且可持续的发展。     

草鱼细菌性烂鳃病病原菌的分离及其特异性卵黄抗体的初步研究

试验从患典型烂鳃病草鱼病变部位分离到1株柱状黄杆菌(FC-3株),采用0.4%甲醛灭活制成免疫原,接种健康120日龄桃源蛋鸡,收集鸡蛋并提纯卵黄抗体(IgY),并以此IgY为基础建立间接ELISA方法。结果:用FC-3株制备的IgY经初步提纯后电泳分离可见重链和轻链2条蛋白条带,获得了IgY多克隆抗体。建立的间接ELISA方法检测柱状黄杆菌纯培养液的检出限值为1×10^7cfu/mL,抗原包被最佳浓度和抗体最佳工作浓度分别为1∶100和1∶512,辣根过氧化物酶标记兔抗鸡IgY最佳工作浓度为1∶4000。结论:建立的间接ELISA方法对柱状黄杆菌有明显的检测特异性,与其他菌株无交叉反应,重复性好。     

Experimental infection of slaughter pigs with classical swine fever virus: transmission of the virus, course of the disease and antibody response.

The spread of classical swine fever virus was investigated in an isolation unit containing four pens, each containing six slaughter pigs. One pig in the middle pen of three adjacent pens was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with the virus. The fourth pen was located in a separate compartment. The pens were visited in a strict order to study, first, the effect of indirect contact via contaminated clothing and footwear on the spread of the virus to adjacent pens and, secondly, the airborne transmission of the virus between compartments. The pigs were examined and blood samples were taken every other day for 62 days for virological and serological analyses. The virus was highly contagious for the five pigs that were in direct contact with the inoculated pig, but spread to the other pens only after all the pigs in the originally infected pen had become viraemic. The spread of the virus was promoted by contaminated clothing and footwear, but airborne transmission contributed considerably to the spread of the virus within the pighouse. The first clinical signs observed after the virus was introduced into a pen were decreased feed intake, increased mean rectal temperature and apathy. Neither the clinical course of the infection, nor the pattern of seroconversion observed over time, was affected by the differences in the intensity of contact with the virus between the pigs in the different pens.