散养湘西黄牛精液的采集与异地冷冻保存技术研究

通过散养湘西黄牛的精液采集与冷冻保存,有利于收集多个优良血缘,降低种公牛站内种公牛的饲养成本.2010年5月,在张家界市永定区湘西黄牛保种区,挑选年龄为2～4岁,特级种公牛10头,进行精液采集与冷冻保存.结果表明:10头未调教的公牛中,除2头(3号、7号)没有采精调教成功外,其它8头都可采精.每次采精3回,平均每次的射...     

不同季节对种公牛精液品质的影响

种公牛优良的精液对牛群的遗传改良起着极其重要的作用,为了提高种公牛精液品质与冷冻精液的质量,通过对不同季节种公牛精液的原精活力、鲜精密度、射精量及冻后活力的变化进行总结分析,研究不同季节对种公牛精液的品质的影响。结果表明:春季种公牛鲜精活力、密度、冻后活力最佳;夏季鲜精活力与冻后活力最差;秋季射精量最高但密度最低,鲜精活力与冻后活力仅高于夏季;冬季射精量最低,但鲜精活力、密度及冻后活力仅次于春季。因此,充分利用适宜生产的季节,合理安排采精,可提高种公牛的鲜精品质,进而提高冻精产量,使优秀种公牛的遗传潜力得到最大的发挥。     

散养锦江牛精液异地冷冻制作技术研究

[目的]通过对散养锦江牛进行精液采集与异地冷冻制作,探讨精液品质影响因素及地方牛品种遗传资源保护新途径。[方法]挑选16头2~3岁散养锦江公牛进行精液采集与冷冻保存。[结果]表明:16头公牛中,除2头没有采集到精液外,其他14头都可采精。采精时天气和生长发育情况对精液品质无影响,品种和饲养方式影响精液品质。生产冻精质量均达到国家牛冷冻精液生产标准要求。[结论]锦江牛中短距离的精液异地制作技术可行。     

试析影响南阳黄牛精液量及品质的几个因素

随着现代科学技术在畜牧业生产中的广泛应用,尤其是近年来冻冷精液技术的使用,原精液的品质问题越来越引起人们的重视。国内外许多老前辈在分析研究影响射精量和原精液品质诸因素方面,提出了许多精辟的见解,为提高种公牛射精量,改善精液品质提供了科学依据。这次有机会到南阳,就南阳黄牛的采精记录进行了初步分析,对影响南阳黄牛的射精量和原精液品质诸因素有如下看法。     

影响德州驴精液品质的因素分析

为了分析影响德州驴精液品质(冻精与鲜精)的因素(采精员、季节、个体间),选取22头4~8岁德州种公驴,对其2015和2016年采精与冻精生产数据、配种数据进行统计分析。结果显示:不同采精员按照采精常规操作对精液品质无显著影响(P0.05);不同季节对射精量有较大影响,4月份射精量最低;个体间射精量和冻精活力差异较大,精液密度与鲜精活力差异不明显,但精液密度会随射精量发生变化;2015年公驴精液品质个体间差异较大,受孕率也普遍低于2016年。提示:生产中应针对性地改善精液品质,进一步提高人工授精成功率。     

口服阿维菌素驱虫对种公牛精液生产水平及精液品质的影响

选择正常采精公牛67头，研究口服阿维菌素驱虫后对精液生产水平和精液品质的影响。结果表明：驱虫前后，种公牛的采精量差异不显著，原精密度和冻精生产数差异极显著（p〈0．01），有效射精次数差异显著（p〈0．05），精液冻后的精子畸形率和顶体完整率差异极显著（p〈0．01）。     

黑猩猩精液冷冻和优选研究

对精液进行有效的冷冻保存和解冻优选是人工授精顺利开展的重要步骤。本研究在黑猩猩上做了尝试,分别用人工按摩采精、电刺激采精、附睾采精进行6次精液采集,所测精子活率为0.65～0.90,密度为1.69×10~（10）～6.64×10~（11）（个/L）。用自配精液冷冻液,采用CL-8800程序降温仪成功对所采集的精液进行冷冻保存。在冷冻后的10～400 d,分别对6次冻精解冻,并用人用精液优选试剂盒对其后3次进行解冻后优选。结果显示,解冻后精液活率为0.35～0.7;优选后精液活率为0.85～0.9,密度为4.5×10~（11）～5.0×10~（11）（个/L）,基本可以满足人工授精的需要。     

补喂V_E可提高精液数、质量

供试牛为利木赞1头,夏洛来1头及鲁西黄牛两头,均为种公牛。85年度进行添加实验,以84年度作为对比,其它条件相似。添加剂量:每日一次、每次200mg/头(即V_E胶丸两粒),拌入少量精料吞入。结果,饲喂10天后,种公牛精液品质有显著提高。采精期结束后统计,头次平均采精量较上年度提高1.3～2.6ml(7.1∶5.6),相对提高26～36.6%,尤以鲁西黄牛提高     

饲料中添加Penergetic-T对种公牛精液品质的影响

试验旨在研究 Penergetic-T 对种公牛精液品质的影响,选择 120 头健康无疾病的西门塔尔种公牛随机分为试验组和对照组,每组 60头,每头牛为 1个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加 0.25 g(/ d 头)Penergetic-T,共饲喂 90 d,检测射精量、精子密度、冻精产量及精子活力、精子畸形率。结果表明:饲料中添加 Penergetic-T 种公牛鲜精的射精量、精子密度、冻后产量、精子活力及畸形率均优于对照组,且差异显著。说明,饲料中添加 Penergetic-T 可显著提高种公牛的精液品质与冻精产量,给种公牛站带来更多的经济价值。     

优化冻精生产工艺对种公牛繁殖性能的影响研究

选择8头18月龄以上弗×西种公牛,用优化冻精生产工艺生产冷冻精液,与优化前3年86头次本站饲养的肉用种公牛冻精生产情况进行比较,并分别用其冷冻精液对母牛进行人工授精,观察其繁殖情况。结果显示:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛平均初采月龄比优化试验前肉用种公牛提前,但2者间差异不显著(P0.05);鲜精活力、冻精活力及复苏率3项指标弗×西种公牛比优化试验前肉用种公牛有所提高,但2者间差异均不显著(P0.05);鲜精密度优化试验前肉用种公牛比弗×西种公牛有所提高,2者间差异不显著(P0.05)。次均采精量:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛为4.85 mL,试验前为4.46 mL,弗×西种公牛提高8.74%,2者间差异显著(P0.05);头年均冻精生产量:优化冻精生产工艺后弗×西种公牛为15 736剂,试验前为14 272剂,弗×西种公牛年均冻精生产量提高10.26%,2者间差异显著(P0.05);优化冻精生产工艺使弗×西种公牛采精量和冻精生产量显著提高,冻精活力比试验前提高3.5%,其平均活力超过国家合格标准26.6%。2组种公牛冻精进行人工授精输配试验,受胎率均较高,分别为81.82%和77.68%,但2组差异不显著(P0.05);产犊率分别为71.72%和70.11%,2组差异不显著(P0.05)。2组种公牛冻精在纳雍县进行人工授精输配试验,受胎率较高,分别为82.81%和76.92%,2组差异不显著(P0.05);产犊率分别为73.59%和71%,2组差异不显著(P0.05)。     

Male and female effects on the in vitro production of bovine embryos

A 3-year study was carried out to evaluate male and female effects on the efficiency of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. The semen of different bulls used for artificial insemination was tested for the in vitro production of transferable blastocysts. The fertilization capacity was recorded for each bull. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro, fertilized with frozen/thawed semen of 63 individual bulls and cultured during 8 days. The semen of one bull was used as control. The percentage of cleavage (36.3-93.4%) and blastocysts on day 7 (6.9-51.2%) varied from bull to bull. Despite high variability, blastocysts were produced with the semen of all bulls in the first trial. Moreover, oocytes fertilized with 85% of tested bulls reached a blastocyst rate not different to the control bull. The correlation coefficients of six bulls showed no significant male effect but an influence of oocytes on the cleavage rate (F-value 0.38, P > 0.05, and 12.4, P < 0.001, respectively). The development to blastocysts on day 7 was significantly influenced by sperms and also oocytes and session (P < 0.01), but no combined interaction was observed between female and male. It is concluded that transferable embryos can be produced in vitro in the first trial with frozen/thawed semen of 63 tested bulls. The results show different capacities of bulls to produce embryos and high male and female effects on the efficiency of an IVF programme.     

Biochemical studies into variation and repeatability of glutathione concentrations in bovine and bubaline semens

Repeatability (r) value of glutathione (GSH) content was estimated in semen of Tharparkar, Red Dane, their crosses, and Murrah buffalo bulls. Mean GSH values were higher in bovine bull semen as compared to mean GSH values in bubaline bull semen. The r of GSH concentration for the pooled data was 0.1278. This trait is 12.78% repeatable. GSH value in semen of bovine and bubaline bull differed insignificantly. R estimates are expressed for selection of bulls of higher fertility and semen quality.     

夏南横交种公牛生产性能研究

通过对8头采精夏南横交种公牛和18头本交夏南横交种公牛生产情况调查,夏南横交种公牛具有早熟性,无论是生产冻精还是本交,18月龄的种公牛均可投入生产,夏南横交种公牛生产性能良好,本交年均配种量可达264头,可制冻精细管20 175剂,配种数量、冻精产量、首配准胎率具有明显季节性,以春季最高,夏季最低。     

Ultrasonography for monitoring reproductive function in the bull

Diagnostic ultrasonography has been widely used for examination of the reproductive tract of female cattle, but more sparingly in bulls. Typical clinical ultrasonographic examinations of bull testes are unlikely to affect semen quality or sperm production. The ultrasonographic anatomy of bull testes and accessory sex glands has been reported. Although testicular echogenicity increased (i.e. the parenchyma appeared more white) as a bull approached puberty, echogenicity was not superior to scrotal circumference as a predictor of puberty. Ultrasonography can be used to detect and characterize testicular pathology. It is noteworthy that areas of increased echogenicity (testicular fibrosis) are common, especially in young bulls, but are not associated with decreased semen quality (e.g. percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm). Neither visual evaluation nor computerized pixel analysis of testicular ultrasonic echotexture was consistently predictive of semen quality in bulls. Therefore, we concluded that the primary clinical use of ultrasonography in assessment of reproductive function in the bull is characterization of grossly detectable lesions in the testes and scrotum.     

不同品种种公牛繁殖性能分析

[目的]在相同的饲养环境条件下,分析不同品种种公牛之间繁殖性能及适应性的差异。[方法]通过对云南省家畜冷冻精液站四个品种的种公牛相关精液品质测量数据及终生冻精产量数据进行对比分析。[结果]经过对16头种公牛繁殖性能及适应性分析,荷斯坦种公牛原精活力及冻后活力都较其它种公牛表现出较明显的优势;荷斯坦种公牛在有效采精率及冻精产量上也明显高于其它品种公牛。     

SERUM SPERMAGGLUTININS AND SEMEN QUALITY IN THE BULL

SUMMARY Three bulls injected with homologous semen or testis material developed spermagglutinins in serum while one control bull inoculated with egg white did not. In one bull a high spermagglutinin titre was associated with allergic epididymitis, a decreased proportion of motile spermatozoa, and an increased proportion of tail abnormalities. The palpable lesion persisted for 35 days, the spermagglutinin titre and semen abnormalities for a further 2 months. No change in semen quality was associated with the lower serum spermagglutinin titres in the other two treatment bulls or over comparable periods of time in the control bull. No naturally occurring spermagglutinins were found in a population of 50 bulls with varying semen qualities at an artificial breeding centre.     

Evidence of excretion of Schmallenberg virus in bull semen

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel orthobunyavirus, discovered in Germany in late 2011. It mainly infects cattle, sheep and goats and could lead to congenital infection, causing abortion and fetal abnormalities. SBV is transmitted by biting midges from the Culicoides genus and there is no evidence that natural infection occurs directly between ruminants. Here, we could detect SBV RNA in infected bull semen using qRT-PCR (three bulls out of seven tested positive; 29 positive semen batches out of 136). We also found that highly positive semen batches from SBV infected bulls can provoke an acute infection in IFNAR^-/- mice, suggesting the potential presence of infectious virus in the semen of SBV infected bulls.     

The fertility of bulls born twin to freemartins: a review.

Evidence for the existence of XX germ cells in the testes of bulls born twin to females is reviewed. It is concluded that there is probably no shift in the sex ratio of the offspring in favour of females. Reports on the fertility of such bulls are reviewed. It is suggested that, provided the semen is normal, there is no reason why such a bull should not be used for breeding purposes.