绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离和培养

研究了不同胎龄、消化液、培养液对转绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)分离和培养的影响,并对其生长形态进行观察。结果表明,在实验室条件下,12.5～14.5d胎龄的GFP-MEF分离效果最好,0.25%胰蛋白酶+0.02%EDTA所用时间短,消化后培养细胞贴壁率高;GFP-MEF形态以小梭形为主,呈漩涡状、鱼群状生长;最佳培养液为DMEM添加10%胎牛血清。研究获得了实验室分离制备GFP-MEF的方法,为制作饲养层和进一步构建转基因动物奠定基础。     

昆明系小鼠饲养层细胞制备条件的优化

通过分离不同胚龄的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF),对MEF进行连续传代培养,并对MEF不同的消化时间进行探讨,研究影响小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞分离与培养的因素.结果表明,分离小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的最适胚龄是12.5 d～14.5 d;37℃条件下,用2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶作用PMEF,作用时间不应超过15min;离散贴壁的成纤维细胞,作用时间以2 min～3 min为宜;MEF在第2代～第5代增殖旺盛,7代以后细胞出现急剧下降.所以选择第3代MEF是制做饲养层的最佳时机.MEF分离方法简单,来源方便,增殖迅速,是用于胚胎干细胞分离培养的有效培养体系.     

东方田鼠与昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞体外分离和培养比较研究

为了进一步从细胞水平深入研究东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫机制提供试验材料,以及经济可靠地保存野生东方田鼠的生物活性细胞,试验采用胰蛋白酶消化法和组织块贴壁法,分别取妊娠12 d的东方田鼠和昆明小鼠胚胎组织,体外分离、培养成纤维细胞,观察比较不同培养方法、胰蛋白酶浓度、消化时间、传代次数及冻存复苏等因素对分离和培养两种胚胎成纤维细胞的影响,实时观察比较两种细胞生长特性。结果表明:组织块贴壁法和胰蛋白酶消化法均能在体外条件下较好地分离、培养两种胚胎成纤维细胞;采用0.125%胰蛋白酶37℃消化组织10 min,分离的细胞普遍密度大、活力好、贴壁细胞多、速度快,是实验室分离12 d胎龄东方田鼠与小鼠胚胎组织最佳胰酶浓度;昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞较东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞足丝长而明显,细胞核较小;两种细胞冻存后生长及活率无显著差异;在含10%血清浓度培养体系中,东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞生长速率慢于昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,生理代数分别为8代和7代,其中2～5代增殖旺盛。说明东方田鼠和昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞在体外分离方法上差异不显著,而两者在生物学特性方面存在一定种属差异。     

奶牛耳成纤维细胞的分离培养及培养条件的研究

本试验研究了奶牛耳成纤维细胞的体外培养,培养液、消化液、胰岛素和血清饥饿对细胞的影响。采用组织块贴壁法培养。了奶牛耳成纤维细胞,采用0．25％胰酶差别消化获得了纯化的奶牛耳成纤维细胞。用三种不同的培养液即DMEM（低糖）、DMEM（高糖）、DMEM／F12,对细胞进行培养,结果细胞群体倍增时间均在2．3-2．5d,DMEM（高糖）的培养效果稍好。用三种不同的消化液（0．25％胰蛋白酶,0.02％EDTA,0．25％胰蛋白酶＋0．02％EDTA）对传代钿跑进行消化．结果表明0．25％胰蛋白酶＋0D2％EDTA所用时间短,消化后培养细胞贴壁率高。在培养液中添加姨岛素能促进细胞的生长。对指数生长期的细胞进行血清饥饿后,细胞仍保持着较高的活力。     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离与培养

为了研究不同条件对ICR小鼠ES细胞的影响,试验以12.5~13.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)为饲养层,以3.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎为试验材料,探讨了血清、生长因子及传代方法对ICR小鼠ES细胞分离培养的影响。结果表明:采用含15%FBS的ES细胞培养液的囊胚贴壁率及ICM增殖率(79.3%,69.0%)均比含15%KSR、5%FBS+10%KSR的细胞培养液高(42.9%,28.6%;75.0%,54.2%),ES细胞最高传至6代;培养液中添加10 ng/mL LIF+10 ng/mL SCF的效果比单独添加1种因子的效果好,最高传至6代,高于单独添加1种因子的传代数(4代,2代);用3种传代方法进行传代时,采用差异贴壁法传代效果最佳,最高传至8代,酶消化法传至4代,机械加酶消化法传至6代。     

鲁西黄牛皮肤成纤维细胞分离与培养的研究

研究了鲁西黄牛耳皮肤成纤维细胞的分离与培养、纯化方法及生长特征,获得了传代培养的鲁西黄牛皮肤成纤维细胞和上皮细胞.鲁西黄牛耳皮肤细胞在体外培养时呈贴壁生长,其原代或早期传代培养物由上皮样细胞与成纤维细胞混合组成.传代培养混合生长的细胞用0.25%胰蛋白酶液37℃下消化处理3～4 min,脱壁悬浮的主要为成纤维细胞.采用反复消化法在传代过程中将二者逐步分离纯化,获得了可正常传代的鲁西黄牛耳上皮细胞系和成纤维细胞系.通过绘制生长曲线研究了鲁西黄牛耳皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖规律.传代培养至12代的鲁西黄牛皮肤成纤维细胞染色体倍性正常.利用第6代成纤维细胞作核供体克隆试验结果证明重构胚体外发育正常,囊胚发育率为27.3%.     

饲养层和生长因子对山羊类胚胎干细胞的影响

实验以6~8 d的山羊囊胚为实验材料,采用机械法分离山羊囊胚ICM,分别以小鼠和山羊胚胎成纤维细胞作饲养层,并采用含不同生长因子的培养液进行培养,比较了饲养层和生长因子对分离培养山羊类ES细胞的影响。结果表明:采用MEF饲养层其ICM增殖率优于GEF饲养层;与对照组相比,培养液中添加LIF及SCF或胰岛素对山羊ICM的贴壁增殖及传代都有积极影响;以MEF为饲养层,培养液中同时添加LIF和SCF时,培养山羊类ES细胞的效果最佳,传至3代。     

荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞分离培养及冷冻保存方法研究

试验对荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞的分离、体外培养及5种冷冻保存方法进行了研究。结果表明:用DMEM/F12 20%胎牛血清 100IU/mL双抗的完全培养液进行组织块培养,能获得良好的荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞原代培养物;成纤维细胞混合培养物经TrypsinEDTA(0.25%Trypsin,1mmol/LEDTA.4Na)消化所收集到的细胞主要为成纤维细胞,经2~3代传代,可得到纯化的荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞。纯化培养的成纤维细胞在冷冻保护剂和血清成分相同的条件下,选用5种不同的冷冻保存方法进行冷冻保存,其中使用70%细胞悬液 20%胎牛血清 10%DMSO的冷冻保存悬液,先在4℃预冷平衡0.5h,接着在液氮罐口的气态氮中悬挂4h,然后沉入液氮的方法冻存的细胞,解冻后,经台盼蓝染色后进行细胞活力分析,活细胞率为86.68%;培养48h后细胞贴壁率为86.40%,明显高于其他几种方法。     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离与培养

为了研究不同条件对ICR小鼠ES细胞的影响,试验以12.5～13.5 dICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)为饲养层,以3.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎为试验材料,探讨了血清、生长因子及传代方法对ICR小鼠ES细胞分离培养的影响.结果表明:采用含15%FBS的ES细胞培养液的囊胚贴壁率及ICM增殖率(79.3%,69.0%)均...     

小鼠胚胎干细胞成纤维细胞液养层的制备

采用受孕12.5 d、13.5 d、14.5 d的ICR品系小鼠的胚胎制备原代成纤维细胞,在相同条件下观察不同胚龄胚胎成纤维细胞的增殖情况。结果表明受孕13.5 d胚胎为分离小鼠胚胎原代成纤维细胞的最适胚龄。分离出的原代成纤维细胞在37 ℃时,用0.25%胰蛋白酶0.02%EDTA消化组织的时间为3 min,可在培养3 d后传代。F1代和F2代较F3代成纤维细胞分泌的抑制干细胞分化因子LIF的量要多。小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞冻存于-135 ℃~-150 ℃10 个月,复苏后能正常传代。丝裂霉素C抑制胚胎成纤维细胞增殖的最适浓度为10μg/105细胞,作用时间为2.5 h,丝裂霉素C处理过的胚胎成纤维细胞可以在12 d内即不增殖也不死亡,但在6 d内使用效果最佳。     

昆明系小鼠胚胎干细胞分离培养的优化

以昆明系小鼠为对象,经过丝裂霉C处理成纤维细胞(Mouse embryonic fibroblast,MEF)制备饲养层,对影响小鼠胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)分离培养的相关因素进行研究。分别收集小鼠3.5d的囊胚(扩张囊胚)和4.5d囊胚(孵化囊胚)进行培养,比较扩张囊胚和孵化囊胚的贴壁率、原代克隆率及传代率的情况。收集3.5d胚龄的囊胚,通过全胚法和免疫外科法对内细胞团(Inner cell mass,ICM)进行分离培养ICM集落,确定离散ICM的适宜时间。用0.25%胰酶+0.04%EDTA,0.125%胰酶+0.02%EDTA和0.25%胰酶+1%小鸡血清等方法对小鼠ES细胞集落进行传代,观察不同酶浓度对ES细胞分离克隆的影响。结果显示,孵化囊胚的贴壁率高于扩张囊胚(P0.05),但传代率则相反(P0.05),原代克隆率差异不显著(P0.05);一般ICM增殖培养2～3d(免疫外科法)或4～5d(全胚培养法)后,出现典型的克隆集落,再挑取ICM;0.125%胰酶+0.02%EDTA及0.25%胰酶+1%小鸡血清,形成ES原代克隆率较高,2组没有显著性差异(P0.05);结果表明,分离得到的ES细胞经形态学观察,AKP染色,体外分化试验等表明其具有胚胎干细胞的特性。     

Improved isolation and culture of embryonic stem cells from Chinese miniature pig

Pigs serve as a better research model for human beings than other species. The Chinese laboratory miniature pig is a new laboratory animal and is expected to be applicable in many medical research fields. This study was to establish effective technologies to isolate and culture ES cells in Chinese miniature pigs. For isolation of the inner cell mass from blastocysts, an enzyme-digestive method was compared with the traditional immunosurgery. Isolated ICM were cultured in three feeder cell layers: mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF) and a continuous cell line of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (STO). Microtubule activity of the three feeder cells was further examined by immunofluorescence. ICM were successfully isolated from 85% of blastocysts by the enzyme-digestive method, compared to only 40% by immunosurgery. When ICM were cultured in three feeder layers for two to three days, 75%, 65% and 20% of ICMs formed primary cell colonies in MEF, PEF and STO, respectively. Colonies were also formed during subcultures after 9, 5 and 1 passage in MEF, PEF and STO, respectively. Microtubules in STO cells were significantly fewer than those in MEF and PEF. When the ES-like cells were cultured in a differentiation medium, they differentiated to neuron-like cells and other types of cells. These results indicate that healthier ICM can be obtained with the enzyme-digestive method. Successful culture of ICM to ES-like cells has been achieved not only in MEF, but also in homologous (pig) feeder layer. The ES cells obtained in the present study were pluripotent.     

藏药绿萝花水提物对成纤维细胞线粒体抗氧化作用的研究

为探讨不同浓度的绿萝花制剂对线粒体的抗氧化作用及毒理作用,以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞及其线粒体为研究对象,在最大无毒作用浓度(TC_0)的基础上设计3个浓度药物组,在TC_0下设计6个浓度药物组,以成纤维细胞线粒体膜电位(MMP)和线粒体总活性氧含量(ROS)为检测指标,在4个不同作用时间点,研究绿萝花对成纤维细胞线粒体的影响。结果表明,绿萝花制剂对鼠胚成纤维细胞(MEF)的TC_0为0.25g/mL,但ROS已急剧上升,MMP下降;绿萝花浓度为0.03g/mL时,抗氧化能力最强,随着浓度的上升(0.03g/mL~0.25g/mL),线粒体抗氧化能力减弱或消失;随着给药浓度的升高,细胞凋亡现象出现趋势明显,浓度高于TC_0时,表现出毒性作用,浓度升高,毒性增大。绿萝花干膏制剂0.03g/mL(以生药含量计算)具有抵抗由H_2O_2引起的MEF线粒体MMP下降和ROS的升高的功能,表现出一定的抗氧化能力和阻滞细胞凋亡发生的作用;TC_0及之上浓度具有细胞毒性作用。     

Generation of embryonic stem‐like cells from in vivo‐derived porcine blastocysts at a low concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor

Although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an essential factor supporting the maintenance of porcine embryonic stem (ES) cell self‐renewal and pluripotency, its high cost has limited previous studies, and the development of a low‐cost culture system is required. For these systems, in vivo blastocysts were progressively cultured under various conditions consisting of different culture mediums and/or different feeder cell numbers at a low concentration of bFGF. As the results, the sequential culture of in vivo‐derived porcine blastocysts on 5.0 × 10⁵ mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells in alpha minimum essential medium‐based medium for primary culture, on 2.5 × 10⁵ MEF feeder cells in Mixture medium for the 1st subpassage, and on 2.5 × 10⁵ MEF feeder cells in DMEM/Ham's F10‐based medium for the post‐2nd subpassage could support the establishment and maintenance of porcine ES‐like cells at the low concentration of bFGF. The established porcine ES‐like cells showed ES cell‐specific characteristics such as self‐renewal and pluripotency. We confirmed that porcine ES‐like cells could be generated from in vivo‐derived porcine blastocysts at a low concentration of bFGF.     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞建系初步研究

实验旨在探讨消化方式和胚胎发育阶段对ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)建系效率的影响。ICR小鼠3.5 d囊胚在饲养层上贴壁后采用单一酶消化或机械化与酶消化法相结合分离隆起的细胞集落,进行传代培养;然后选择二者中较优消化方式对不同发育时期囊胚所形成的细胞集落进行处理。结果表明:采用机械化与胰酶消化相结合的方式,形成的类ES细胞超过7代的比率(85.0%)要显著高于单一的胰酶消化(15.0%)(P<0.05);当用二者相结合的方式对ICR小鼠3.5 d(早期囊胚)、4.0 d(扩张囊胚)和4.5 d(孵化囊胚)所形成的细胞集落进行消化传代培养,三者在贴壁率和形成原代细胞集落率上均无显著差别(P>0.05),但传代超过7代的效率上早期囊胚和扩张囊胚均高于孵化囊胚(P<0.05)。结果提示,采用机械化与酶消化法相结合更适合于3.5～4.0 d ICR小鼠囊胚的ES细胞建系。     

马身猪MEF2A基因4种可变剪接体的克隆和生物信息学分析

本研究旨在克隆马身猪肌细胞增强因子2A（myocyte enhancer factor 2A,MEF2A）基因的不同剪接体类型。依据转录组测序对可变剪接的预测结果,试验扩增MEF2A基因第5~8外显子之间的编码区,用生物信息学软件分析了马身猪MEF2A基因不同剪接体的序列特性,预测保守结构域,构建系统进化树,比对不同物种MEF2A的氨基酸同源性。结果显示,获得了4个MEF2A基因的剪接体,MEF2A1的第5~8外显子正常剪接;MEF2A2缺失了第5外显子,第6外显子的5'端多出138 bp,第7外显子的3'端多出102 bp;MEF2A3缺失了第5外显子,第6外显子的5'端多出138 bp;MEF2A4第7外显子的3'端多出102 bp。插入的138 bp序列编码的蛋白质中存在1个保守结构域HJURP_C,这可能与MEF2A参与肝细胞纤维化作用有关。MEF2A1和MEF2A4与猪MEF2A1（GenBank登录号:NP_001090890.1）同属于一个亚群,同源性高达98.9%,MEF2A2和MEF2A3与猪MEF2A2（GenBank登录号:NP_001093168.1）同属于一个亚群,同源性分别为98.2%和98.9%。本试验成功克隆了4个MEF2A基因的剪接体,为进一步研究其蛋白功能奠定基础。     

Isolation and culture of rabbit primordial germ cells

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of the gametes of adult animals and are considered stem cells of the germline. Since their proliferation in vitro correlates well with the schedule of developmental changes in vivo, they might be interesting research tools for genomic imprinting, germ-cell tumors and fertility. Furthermore, once primordial germ cells are separated and placed on a feeder layer with cytokines, they become cultured pluripotent cell lines called embryonic germ (EG) cells. EG cells share several important characteristics with embryonic stem (ES) cells as they can also contribute to the germ line of chimeras. To investigate the characteristics of PGCs and establish rabbit EG (rEG) cells, we cultured rabbit PGCs (rPGCs) in vitro with various combinations of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and forskolin on inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder layers. The present study found PGC proliferation in early cultures and induction of rEG-like colonies. These cells expressed pluripotent markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, OCT-4, Sox-2 and SSEA-1, in the undifferentiated state; however, the cells did not develop into a teratoma when injected into the kidney capsules of SCID mice, although the restricted differentiation potentials to neural cells were determined via embryoid body formation. From these characteristics and further characterization of the germ stem cell markers Vasa, SCP-1 and SCP-3, we suggested that these were hybrid cells with characteristics somewhere between PGC and EG cells.     

OCT4 Expression in Outgrowth Colonies Derived from Porcine Inner Cell Masses and Epiblasts

The present study was conducted to test different methods for porcine inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast isolation and to evaluate the morphology and expression of pluripotency genes in ICM‐ and epiblast‐derived outgrowth colonies (OCs) and passages thereof with particular attention on the relationship between OCT4 expression and embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐like morphology. A total of 104 zona pellucida‐enclosed and 101 hatched blastocysts were subjected to four different methods of ICM and epiblast isolation, respectively: Manual isolation, immunosurgery, immunosurgery with manual cleaning, or whole blastocyst culture. OCs were established on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and categorized according to morphology and OCT4 staining. Although all isolation methods resulted in ESC‐like OCs, immunosurgery with manual cleaning yielded significantly higher rates of ICM/epiblast attachment and subsequent ESC‐like morphology, whereas no significant difference was found between ICM and epiblasts with respect to these characteristics. All ESC‐like OCs showed nuclear OCT4 staining and expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 as evaluated by RT‐PCR. Upon initial passages, the expression of pluripotency markers was, however, gradually lost in spite of maintained ESC‐like morphology. In conclusion, we have established a robust system for derivation of ESC‐like OCs from porcine ICM and epiblasts and we have shown that localization of OCT4 is associated with an ESC‐like morphology although this relationship is lost during early passages.     

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of 4 Alternative Splice Variants of MEF2A Gene in Mashen Pig

This study was aimed to clone the different splicing variants of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) gene in Mashen pig. According to the prediction results of the alternative splicing in the RNA-Seq sequencing, the coding region of MEF2A gene exons 5-8 were amplified. We analyzed the sequence characteristics of different splicing variants of MEF2A gene in Mashen pig, predicted conservative structure domain, constructed phylogenetic tree and compared the homology of MEF2A amino acid in different species by bioinformatics softwares. The results showed that 4 alternative splice variants of MEF2A gene were obtained. The exons 5-8 of MEF2A1 spliced normally. MEF2A2 lacked the exon 5, and the 5'end of exon 6 was 138 bp longer, the 3'end of exon 7 was 102 bp longer. MEF2A3 lacked exon 5, and the 5'end of exon 6 was 138 bp longer. The 3'end of MEF2A4 exon 7 of was 102 bp longer. The protein, encoded by inserted 138 bp sequence, contained a conserved domain-HJURP_C, which was the result of MEF2A participating in hepatocyte fibrosis. The MEF2A1, MEF2A4 and MEF2A1 of pig submitted in GenBank (accession No.NP_001090890.1) belonged to a subgroup, homology up to 98.9%. The MEF2A2, MEF2A3 and MEF2A2 of pig submitted in GenBank (accession No.NP_001093168.1) belonged to a subgroup, the homology was 98.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The successful cloning of 4 alternative splice variants of MEF2A gene laid the foundation for further study on the function of MEF2A protein.