K88-K99-987P-F41菌毛疫苗预防仔猪黄痢的效果

仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻是养猪场最常见的疾病之一。而肠毒源性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli，ETEC)是引起仔猪腹泻的主要病菌之一。其致病的前提是必须能在小肠黏膜定居、繁殖并产生肠毒素。ETEC表面能产生菌毛粘附因子使得这些菌株很容易吸附并定居于小肠黏     

大肠杆菌表达的融合蛋白K88ac-STⅡ的免疫效果

产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic escherichiacoli，ETEC）是引起幼畜腹泻的病原菌，感染病畜发病快，死亡率高。研究表明，病原菌ETEC的致病过程包括菌毛粘附因子对小肠上皮细胞的粘附和致腹泻毒素的产生，其中，菌毛粘附是其致病的始动因素，毒素是其致病的直接原因。所以，研制针对菌毛和毒素的多价疫苗理论上可以有效地预防幼畜腹泻。据调查，     

ETEC引起断奶仔猪腹泻新型多价表位疫苗的研究

正断奶仔猪腹泻(Post-weaning diarrhea,PWD)通常发生在仔猪断奶后3 d～10 d,由于高感染率和死亡率,给全球养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,是影响仔猪生产性能和养殖户经济效益的重要疾病之一。产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是引起PWD的主要细菌性病原,其主要毒力因子有菌毛黏附素和肠毒素。目前预防由ETEC引起PWD的措施包括:饲料中添加抗生素、膳食调节、利用遗传育种选育对ETEC抗性的种猪群等,这些措施对于降低PWD的发病率和减轻临床症状具有一定的效果,但是效果不佳。     

K88菌毛及其蛋白亚基FaeG在防治仔猪腹泻中的应用性研究进展

肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是引起仔猪腹泻的重要病原之一,其致病性主要与菌毛粘附素及其产生的肠毒素有关。ETEC依靠菌毛粘附素与小肠粘膜上皮细胞上的受体特异性结合,这种粘附作用可以使ETEC抵抗肠道蠕动的冲刷作用而定植,并大量繁殖。ETEC在生长过程中,产生大量的肠毒素并不断释放到肠道内,造成肠道内水和电解质比例失衡,从而引起腹泻。不同肠毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)菌株的菌毛抗原类型不同,主要有K88、K99、987P及F41,其中以K88的流行最为普遍,因而亦尤为重要。1K88粘附素菌毛,又称纤毛或柔毛,由菌…     

同位素标记检测卵黄抗体对大肠杆菌的黏附抑制作用

<正>仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的主要病原为产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(enterototxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)[1,7]。ETEC的致病作用主要由肠毒素和黏附素性菌毛等两类毒力因子共同构成[2],其主要的致病环节是ETEC     

黏附素菌毛F18的研究近况

由表达F18菌毛的大肠杆菌(VTEC、ETEC)引起的仔猪水肿病和断奶腹泻仍然是养猪业中一个没有完全解决的问题,给畜牧业生产带来的损失仍然不可低估[1,2,3,4].F18菌毛有F18 ab和F18 ac二个抗原变种,它们主要介导产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)与产vero细胞毒素大肠杆菌(VTEC)在仔猪肠道内的定居.F18菌毛作为这些病原细菌重要致病因子,国内外对其研究方兴未艾.目前,F18菌毛的研究已经较为深入,从一般形态水平到基因控制水平都有了较大突破.本文就国外和国内的研究概况作一综述,以供相关研究人员参考.     

断奶仔猪源大肠杆菌F18菌毛的分子流行病学研究

利用F18菌毛a因子单克降抗体以及已建立的鉴定F18菌毛及其亚型的双重PCR法,对来自断奶仔猪水肿病和／或腹泻病例的60株VTEC、24株VTEC／ETEC以及24株ETEC的进行了F18菌毛检测,以了解F18ab^＋和F18ac^＋大肠杆菌在江苏省断奶仔猪群的分子流行病学。结果表明：通过F18菌毛a因子单克隆抗体,可检测出52株大肠杆菌为F18^＋,检出率为48．15％;而通过双重PCIL方法,共检测出63株大肠杆菌为F18^＋,检出率为58．33％,其中53株（49．07％）为F18ab^＋10株（92．6％）为F18ac^＋。另外还发现：在VTEC、VTEC／ETEC以及ETEC的菌株之间,这2种F18菌毛亚型的分子流行病学是不同的。在VTEC中,F18ab^＋,菌株37株（61．67％）,未发现F18ac^＋菌株;在VTEC／ETEC中,F18ab^＋菌株15株（62．50%）,F18ac^＋菌株8株（33．33％）;而在ETEC中F18ab^＋菌株只有1株（4．17％）,F18ac^＋菌株只有2株（8.33％）。以上数据表明：④PCR法检测F18菌毛优于单抗法;②F18菌毛是VTEC／ETEC、VTEC的重要致病因子,而在ETEC中则明显低于VTEC／ETEC和VTEC;⑧F18ab^＋菌株一般为SLT-IIe^＋,而F8ac^＋菌株一般为STI^＋。     

大肠杆菌F18菌毛的研究进展

F18菌毛是致猪水肿病的产Vero细胞毒素大肠杆菌（VTEC）与某些产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）的主要毒力因子之一，现已知，F18菌毛抗原有F18ab,F18ac两种血清型变异，F18ab即为F107，而18ac则包括近来才发现并命名的菌毛2134P及定居因子8813。现将有关F18菌毛的研究进展概述如下。     

产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的流行病学及致病因子的研究进展简

产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli，STEC）是一类危害严重的食源性病原菌，能引起人类的严重疾病，如出血性结肠炎、溶血性尿毒症等，牛、羊等反刍动物是引起人类发病的主要宿主来源。作者总结了产志贺毒素大肠杆菌病的流行病学现状，就产志贺毒素大肠杆菌染色体和毒性质粒上的主要毒力因子的研究进展作一综述。     

猪源产肠毒素性大肠杆菌主要毒力因子研究进展

产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是引起婴幼儿和幼畜腹泻的主要细菌性病原,初生幼畜感染后常因剧烈腹泻脱水而死亡。菌毛黏附素和肠毒素是ETEC目前研究最多的2类毒力因子,随着技术手段的不断进步和研究的深入,一些新型毒力因子不断被发现,如鞭毛、非菌毛黏附素、肠聚集性耐热毒素(the enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin1,EAST1)、自转运黏附蛋白、细胞溶血素等。本综述主要针对猪源ETEC的主要毒力因子以及新型毒力的结构功能及致病性进行阐述,为进一步深入探索ETEC的致病机理提供理论基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.