新型茉莉酸类植物生长调节剂的QSAR研究

应用 Cerius2 软件中的遗传函数算法(GFA)和分子力场分析方法(MFA)对18个新型茉莉酸类化合物具有的对大麦和番茄的生物活性进行定量构效关系(QSAR)研究,所建模型都通过了显著性检验,交叉验证系数r2CV均大于0.810,表明模型都具有良好的预测可靠性。计算研究表明: 分子的热力学性质 (各种原子类型 AlogP 描述符)、空间结构状态(Jurs-RPSA参数)、 电性描述符(Dipole-mag 和 HOMO)和结构描述符(Hond Acceptor)是影响活性的主要二维因素。用三维QSAR方法研究了茉莉酸类化合物与其受体有效相互作用时所需的理化特征,并进一步验证了二维QSAR模型的可靠性。该研究可为进一步了解茉莉酸类化合物在植物体内的信号传导机制和研制具有生态农药性质的茉莉酸类植物生长调节剂提供理论指导。     

新型肟醚化合物杀叶蝉活性的CoMFA研究

用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法对28个间苯氧基苄醇肟醚和30个联苯苄醇肟醚化合物杀叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps活性的定量构效关系进行了研究。分别研究了上述两类化合物及其综合的QSAR模型,3种QSAR模型都表明肟苯环对位取代基是影响化合物杀叶蝉活性的主要因素,其体积和电性增加有利于提高化合物的杀叶蝉活性。比较3种模型,还发现综合模型为最佳预测模型,其交叉验证系数R2cv=0.628,非交叉验证的相关系数R2=0.971,标准偏差SE=0.109,F=133.84。用此模型预测了检验组10个化合物的 -lgLC50,结果满意。所得QSAR模型可为进一步合成更高活性的化合物提供指导。     

1,3-氮硫杂环化合物防治芦笋茎枯病的QSAR研究

用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法对三小类1,3-氮硫杂环化合物防治芦笋茎枯病的定量构效关系进行了研究。分别研究了每一小类及综合的QSAR模型,发现对于各小类,苯环上取代基的变化影响其活性,从整体来看,影响活性的因素则集中在杂环上。所得的QSAR模型为进一步合成更高活性的化合物提供了指导。     

香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性及定量构效关系研究

采用玻片浸渍法,测定并筛选了25种具有代表性的香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus雌成螨的触杀活性,并构建了一个预测能力较强的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型。结果表明:所有供试化合物对朱砂叶螨均具有触杀活性,且随着处理时间的延长活性升高。处理48 h后,LC50值低于1000 mg/L的化合物有8个,分别是3-(2-苯并咪唑)-7-(二乙氨基)香豆素(1)、3-(2-苯并噻唑)-7-(二乙氨基)香豆素(2)、3-氨基香豆素(3)、3-乙酰基香豆素(4)、4-甲氧基香豆素(5)、6-硝基香豆素(8)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(13)和7,8-二羟基香豆素(21),其中化合物1、2、3、5和13的杀螨活性优于药剂对照螺螨酯或与其活性相当;活性最好的化合物为13,处理48 h和72 h后LC50值分别为284.8和122.2 mg/L,其毒力约为螺螨酯的2倍。通过计算得到25种香豆素类化合物的34种物化参数,以此为描述子,经过SPSS相关性剔除、逐步回归分析和校正,得到一个以扭转力、取向力、总能量和分子半径为自变量的QSAR模型,该模型复相关系数R达到0.987,复判定系数R2也达到0.967,通过F检验证明上述模型具有较高的预测能力。     

CoMFA方法用于α-氧代环十二烷基磺酰胺的QSAR研究

本文将比较分子场分析 (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis)方法 ,即 Co MFA方法用于 α-氧代环十二烷基磺酰胺 QSAR研究 ,建立了较好的模型。根据模型的立体场和静电场要求设计了一批化合物 ,其中多数化合物预报的杀菌活性较高 ,为进一步合成和筛选该类化合物提供了依据。     

酰胺类驱蚊剂的非线性定量构效关系

驱蚊剂定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究对指导高效新驱蚊剂开发、阐明驱蚊剂的驱避机理有重要意义。以40种酰胺类化合物对埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti的有效保护时间为驱避活性指标,借助PCLIENT(http:∥w w w.vcclab.org/lab/pclient/start.html)量子化学计算软件获得每个化合物的1 773个初始分子描述符,经二元矩阵重排过滤器、多轮末尾淘汰实施特征非线性筛选后,保留了8个物化意义明确的分子描述符,以支持向量回归SVR建立了高精度的非线性QSAR模型,F=8 465,R2=0.999 6。SVR可解释性体系分析结果表明,保留分子描述符对酰胺类驱蚊剂的驱避活性的非线性关系明显。其中,拓扑极性分子表面积TPSA(Tot)对驱避活性影响最为重要,其值越小,活性越高;负电性对驱避活性有较大影响,其值越大,驱避活性越高。     

噁唑烷类安全剂的三维定量构效关系研究

针对25个噁唑烷类化合物,以玉米根部GST活性为衡量标准,运用三维定量构效关系中的比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA)两种方法进行研究;应用20个化合物作为训练集,分别建立相应的模型,并对其进行结构和活性关系的分析。CoMFA模型的交叉验证系数q2为0.647,非交叉验证系数r2为0.999;CoMSIA模型交叉验证系数q2为0.527,非交叉验证系数r2为0.949。使用训练集以外的5个化合物进行了验证,两种模型预测值与实测值偏差较小,都显示出了较好的预测性和稳定性。研究结果可为设计新的噁唑烷类潜在的除草剂安全剂提供可靠信息。     

靶向乙酰胆碱酯酶和几丁质合成酶杀虫剂衍生化合物三维定量构效关系模型构建

为获得活性更佳且同时具备苯甲酰基脲类和氨基甲酸酯类活性的新型双靶标杀虫剂——N-氯磺基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯衍生物,构建此类化合物的三维定量构效关系（three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship,3D-QSAR）模型,以18种具有双靶标活性的N-氯磺基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯衍生物为训练集,分别采用比较分子力场分析（comparative molecular field analysis,CoMFA）法和比较分子相似性指数分析（comparative molecular similarity index analysis,CoMSIA）法进行3D-QSAR模型的构建,基于3D-QSAR模型分析同一骨架取代基的变化带给化合物的活性变化,预测不同力场对化合物活性的影响,并对设计的衍生化合物进行活性预测分析。结果表明,经CoMFA法和CoMSIA法构建的3D-QSAR模型可信度高（交叉验证系数q²分别为0.728和0.563）,且有良好的活性预测能力（非交叉验证系数r²分别为0.954和0.981）。基于该模型得到的化合物预测活性与实际活性残差较小且存在良好的线性关系,进一步证明所得3D-QSAR模型的可靠性。通过分析3D-QSAR模型的力场分布,推测在R¹基团处引入位阻较大的疏水性基团、在R²基团苯环的邻位引入同时具有负电性和疏水性但不含卤素原子的基团、用负电性的大位阻基团取代R基团等均可提高N-氯磺基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯的活性。基于此设计的20种衍生化合物的活性变化从正反两方面印证了该推测的合理性。研究成果可用于指导兼具苯甲酰基脲类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂作用机制的N-氯磺基-N-甲基氨基甲酸酯衍生物的设计。     

酮醇酸还原异构酶抑制剂的设计、合成及除草活性

酮醇酸还原异构酶(KARI)是一个有前景的除草剂靶标酶,有关其抑制剂的设计研究鲜有报道。在文献报道的菠菜KARI酶复合物0.165 nm高分辨率晶体结构基础上,利用分子对接DOCK 4.0方法进行MDL/ACD三维数据库搜寻,得到了279个与KARI酶结合能较低的小分子结构信息,并从中选取部分小分子进行化学合成,进而测试了其除草活性。在合成的17个化合物中,发现个别化合物对油菜 (抑制率70.8 %) 和稗草 (抑制率48.8 %)具有较好的生长抑制活性。     

乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂Territrem B类似物的合成新方法

设计了一条新的2-烯- 1 -酮-类伊比林-20-基-取代苯甲酸酯( 6 )土震素(Territrem)B类似化合物的合成方法。以甲磺化伊比林醛( 2 )为原料,经脱甲磺酸生成2-烯类伊比林-13-醛( 3 ),化合物 3 经溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)光照溴化一步法生成中间产物 4,4 不经分离直接与酚反应生成化合物 5,5 再经一步法水解氧化制得目标产物 6 。该方法不仅提高了 6 的收率(提高5%~30%),还合成了5个新化合物 3和5b~5e 。生物活性测试表明,在10-4 mol/L条件下,只有化合物 6a 对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)显示出17%的抑制活性。     

Sites of Action of Noncompetitive GABA Antagonists in Houseflies and Rats: Three-Dimensional QSAR Analysis

Quantitative structure–activity relationships for insecticidal activity (against houseflies) and competitive activity against a specific [³⁵S]tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding (to rat brain membranes) of some picrotoxinin-type 4-aminobutyric acid antagonists, including γ-BHC, endosulfan, bicyclophosphates, dioxatricyclododecenes and related compounds, were examined three-dimensionally using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The antagonists were classified into two series according to their molecular shapes: i.e. whether their structure was ‘linearly’ extended beyond the ‘mast-head’ position of the ‘boat-like’ skeletons (series 1) or not (series 2). The CoMFA showed that the slopes in steric and electrostatic fields around the molecule were significant for both series in governing the potency variations in insecticidal and binding activities. Hydrophobicity, a possible factor controlling transport behaviour of compounds, was significant in governing variations in insecticidal activity, but not for the case of the rat membrane binding. Assuming that there is a slight topological difference between series 1 and 2 compounds in terms of the mode of binding with the housefly receptor site, the insecticidal activity was analysable with a single equation for the combined set of compounds, but the rat membrane binding was not. The sterically and electrostatically favourable regions surrounding the molecular series indicated by CoMFA were roughly located at positions so as to interact with the binding subsites on the receptors proposed previously. © of SCI.     

Quantitative structure–activity studies of insect growth regulators: XVI. Substituent effects of dibenzoylhydrazines on the insecticidal activity to Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Insecticidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, was measured for a series of substituted N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines, in which one of the benzoyl moieties closer to the tert-butyl group was fixed as being 2-chloro-substitued and the other variously substituted singly or doubly. The effects of substituents on the activity were quantitatively analysed using the classical quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) procedure. The activity against the Colorado potato beetle increases with the molecular hydrophobicity. In addition, various types of steric effect are at work, depending upon the positions. Hydrogen-bonding acceptor substituents at the para position enhance the activity. There seem to be threshold (or optimum) values, albeit position-dependent, in the molecular hydrophobicity, above which the activity starts to decrease. This biphasic contribution of the molecular hydrophobicity to activity against coleopterous larvae is the most conspicuous difference in substituent effects from those found for similar compounds against lepidopterous pest insects, and may be the basis of the variations in the activity spectrum for certain compounds in this series. The introduction of bulkier substituents into the meta- and para-positions of the benzene ring, apart from the tert-butyl group, is unfavorable to activity. LD₅₀ values against Colorado potato beetle larvae of methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) and tebufenozide (RH-5992) were in the order of 10⁻⁷ mol per insect, whereas those of RH-5849, and halofenozide (RH-0345) were very low, 10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁰ mol per insect being selective to the coleopterous larvae. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

分子电性作用矢量用于芳香族化合物的 定量结构-生物降解性相关研究

基于定量结构-生物降解性相关(QSBR)研究芳香族类化合物的性质具有重要意义。采用分子电性作用矢量(MEIV)表征芳香族有机物的分子结构,运用多元线性回归建立定量QSBR模型,同时采用逐步回归结合统计检测筛选模型变量,建立了60个芳香族化合物生物降解最大去除率(QTOD)与其结构间的回归方程。另外采用内部及外部双重验证的办法深入分析和检验模型的稳定性。建模的复相关系数(Rcum)、留一法(LOO)交互校验复相关系数(Qcum)和外部样本校验复相关系数(Qext)分别为0.891、0.809和0.877。表明用MEIV表征芳香族有机物分子结构信息较好,所建QSBR模型的稳定性和预测能力良好。     

Quantitative structure-activity relationships of antifungal N-phenylsuccinimides and N-phenyl-1,2-dimethylcyclopropanedicarboximides

The antifungal activity of 61 N-phenylsuccinimides and 16 N-phenyl-1,2-dimethylcyclopropanedicarboximides having various benzene ring substituents was determined against Botrytis cinerea by the agar medium dilution method. The structure-activity relationships were analyzed using such physicochemical substituent parameters as hydrophobic π, electronic σ⁰, steric E₈, and HB (hydrogen bonding) values with the multiple regression technique. The π values were derived from log P (octanol-water partition coefficient) values for the N-monosubstituted-phenylsuccinimide system. The hydrophobic effect is significant only for m-substitutents. The stronger the electron withdrawal and the smaller the steric dimensions of the ring substituents, the greater is the activity. When substituents are hydrogen bond acceptors, the effect is to lower the activity. These features are almost identical between two series of compounds.     

2-[4-(对氟苯基)噻唑-2-基]-3-羟基-3-烃氧基丙烯腈的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻找生物活性良好的噻唑基丙烯腈类化合物,利用2-氰甲基-4-(对氟苯基)噻唑( 3 )与取代氯甲酸酯( 4 )在碱存在下反应,合成了15个未见文献报道的2- -3-羟基-3-烃氧基丙烯腈化合物( 5 ),其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱和元素分析表征。初步杀菌活性测试结果表明:所有化合物在试验浓度下均具有一定的抑菌活性,尤其对炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gossypii表现出较好的抑制活性,在质量浓度25 mg/L下,所有化合物的抑制率均在50%以上,其中化合物 5a、5e、5g、5k、5n和5o 的抑制率在80%以上。     

Growth regulator inhibition of tobacco callus growth

The activity of two groups of growth regulators, substituted dinitroanilines and nitrophenylhydrazines, were evaluated in a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. “X-73”) callus tissue bioassay. Molar concentrations required to inhibit fresh weight gain by 50% (I₅₀) was determined by using linear regression analysis on data obtained by testing a range of five concentrations of each chemical. All chemicals tested were inhibitory to callus tissue grown in the dark. Cell division seemed to be the primary activity inhibited. The most active of the dinitroaniline series was α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-ethyl-N-2′,6′-dichlorobenzyl-p-toluidine (I) (I₅₀ = 1.5 × 10^?10M). I and two other N-(o-halobenzyl) dinitroanilines were more active than α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-ethyl-N-2′-chloro-6′-fluorobenzyl-p-toluidine (IV), which is being developed commercially for suppression of axillary buds in tobacco. The two most active nitrophenylhydrazines tested were 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2′,6′-dinitro-3′-n-propylamino-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazine (XVIII) and 3′,5′-dinitro-p-(2,2-diethylhydrazino)-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (XIX) (I₅₀ values of 7.9 × 10^?9 and 9.3 × 10^?9M, respectively). Factors such as electronic distribution, steric hindrance, and lipid solubility were considered to influence the biological activity of the compounds tested.     

Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel coumarin derivatives

BACKGROUND: The lead coumarin derivative (E)‐methyl 3‐methoxy‐2‐[2‐(4‐methylcoumarin‐7‐yloxymethyl)phenyl]acrylate was discovered by using an intermediate derivatisation method. To discover new coumarin derivatives with improved activity, a series of substituted coumarins were synthesised and bioassayed. RESULTS: The compounds were identified by ¹H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. Bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against cucumber downy mildew at 25 mg L^?1. The relationship between structure and fungicidal activity is reported. CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrates that coumarin derivatives containing methoxyacrylate moieties can be used as possible lead compounds for developing novel fungicides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis of novel derivatives of camptothecin as potential insecticides

In an attempt to find the biorational pesticides, a series of novel camptothecin derivatives were synthesized via a simple modification of the carbodiimide method using the combination of scandium triflate (Sc(OTf)₃) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and their structures were identified by IR, ESR, HRMS and ¹H NMR. Their antifeedant effect and insecticidal activity against third-instar larva of Mythimna separate were examined. The results of preliminary bioassays showed that these compounds exhibited less potent antifeedant activity than camptothecin. Also, all of these derivatives of camptothecin showed delayed insecticidal activity, which differs from traditional neurotoxic insecticides. The results suggested that 20-hydroxyl group in the camptothecin derivatives is essential to keep the insecticidal activity and nature of the substitutes has a major impact on insecticidal activity of these compounds.