新型含噻唑和三唑环的亚胺类杀菌剂的QSAR研究

应用Cerius2软件中的主成分分析法(PCA)和Var.Jarvis-Patrick聚类方法对新型含噻唑和三唑环的亚胺类杂环化合物进行分类,再用遗传函数算法(GFA)和分子力场分析方法(MFA)分别进行了二维/三维定量构效关系研究(QSAR),所建模型都通过了显著性检验,CV-r2均大于 0.910,表明模型都具有良好的预测可靠性。计算研究表明:分子的热力学性质(各种原子类型AlogP描述符)、空间结构状态(Jurs参数和Shadow参数)和电拓扑状态指数(S_aaCH)是影响活性的主要二维因素。三维研究结果表明,分子的静电作用强弱对活性影响较大。最后根据药物分子设计理论设计了一系列亚胺类化合物,并用所建最优二维/三维QSAR模型进行活性预测与相互验证,筛选出活性可能较高的6个化合物。该研究可为高效亚胺类杀菌剂的研制提供理论指导。     

新型肟醚化合物杀叶蝉活性的CoMFA研究

用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)方法对28个间苯氧基苄醇肟醚和30个联苯苄醇肟醚化合物杀叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps活性的定量构效关系进行了研究。分别研究了上述两类化合物及其综合的QSAR模型,3种QSAR模型都表明肟苯环对位取代基是影响化合物杀叶蝉活性的主要因素,其体积和电性增加有利于提高化合物的杀叶蝉活性。比较3种模型,还发现综合模型为最佳预测模型,其交叉验证系数R2cv=0.628,非交叉验证的相关系数R2=0.971,标准偏差SE=0.109,F=133.84。用此模型预测了检验组10个化合物的 -lgLC50,结果满意。所得QSAR模型可为进一步合成更高活性的化合物提供指导。     

新型茉莉酸类植物生长调节剂的QSAR研究

应用 Cerius2 软件中的遗传函数算法(GFA)和分子力场分析方法(MFA)对18个新型茉莉酸类化合物具有的对大麦和番茄的生物活性进行定量构效关系(QSAR)研究,所建模型都通过了显著性检验,交叉验证系数r2CV均大于0.810,表明模型都具有良好的预测可靠性。计算研究表明: 分子的热力学性质 (各种原子类型 AlogP 描述符)、空间结构状态(Jurs-RPSA参数)、 电性描述符(Dipole-mag 和 HOMO)和结构描述符(Hond Acceptor)是影响活性的主要二维因素。用三维QSAR方法研究了茉莉酸类化合物与其受体有效相互作用时所需的理化特征,并进一步验证了二维QSAR模型的可靠性。该研究可为进一步了解茉莉酸类化合物在植物体内的信号传导机制和研制具有生态农药性质的茉莉酸类植物生长调节剂提供理论指导。     

CoMFA方法用于α-氧代环十二烷基磺酰胺的QSAR研究

本文将比较分子场分析 (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis)方法 ,即 Co MFA方法用于 α-氧代环十二烷基磺酰胺 QSAR研究 ,建立了较好的模型。根据模型的立体场和静电场要求设计了一批化合物 ,其中多数化合物预报的杀菌活性较高 ,为进一步合成和筛选该类化合物提供了依据。     

酰胺类驱蚊剂的非线性定量构效关系

驱蚊剂定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究对指导高效新驱蚊剂开发、阐明驱蚊剂的驱避机理有重要意义。以40种酰胺类化合物对埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti的有效保护时间为驱避活性指标,借助PCLIENT(http:∥w w w.vcclab.org/lab/pclient/start.html)量子化学计算软件获得每个化合物的1 773个初始分子描述符,经二元矩阵重排过滤器、多轮末尾淘汰实施特征非线性筛选后,保留了8个物化意义明确的分子描述符,以支持向量回归SVR建立了高精度的非线性QSAR模型,F=8 465,R2=0.999 6。SVR可解释性体系分析结果表明,保留分子描述符对酰胺类驱蚊剂的驱避活性的非线性关系明显。其中,拓扑极性分子表面积TPSA(Tot)对驱避活性影响最为重要,其值越小,活性越高;负电性对驱避活性有较大影响,其值越大,驱避活性越高。     

芳基芳酰基取代氨基脲类昆虫生长调节剂的合成及构效关系研究

将昆虫生长调节剂灭幼脲的活性基团和蜕皮激素模拟物 RH- 584 9和 RH- 5992的活性基团进行拼接 ,合成了十二个全新的 2 -叔丁基 - 1-芳酰基 - 4 -芳基氨基脲类目标化合物 ,其结构经 IR,1H NMR,MS和元素分析确证。生物测试结果表明 ,该系列化合物有一定的昆虫生长调节活性。通过 QSAR分析 ,找出了该系列化合物的结构 -活性定量方程 ,并进行了统计学和化学的检验。也为今后继续优化该系列化合物提供理论依据。     

定量构效关系在农药设计合成中的应用进展

本文介绍了定量结构-活性关系（QSAR）的基本原理，重点评述了其中比较分子力场分析法（CoMFA）的主要理论及用该法建立QSAR模型的步骤，以及QSAR在农药合成设计中的应用进展。     

香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性及定量构效关系研究

采用玻片浸渍法,测定并筛选了25种具有代表性的香豆素类化合物对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus雌成螨的触杀活性,并构建了一个预测能力较强的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型。结果表明:所有供试化合物对朱砂叶螨均具有触杀活性,且随着处理时间的延长活性升高。处理48 h后,LC50值低于1000 mg/L的化合物有8个,分别是3-(2-苯并咪唑)-7-(二乙氨基)香豆素(1)、3-(2-苯并噻唑)-7-(二乙氨基)香豆素(2)、3-氨基香豆素(3)、3-乙酰基香豆素(4)、4-甲氧基香豆素(5)、6-硝基香豆素(8)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(13)和7,8-二羟基香豆素(21),其中化合物1、2、3、5和13的杀螨活性优于药剂对照螺螨酯或与其活性相当;活性最好的化合物为13,处理48 h和72 h后LC50值分别为284.8和122.2 mg/L,其毒力约为螺螨酯的2倍。通过计算得到25种香豆素类化合物的34种物化参数,以此为描述子,经过SPSS相关性剔除、逐步回归分析和校正,得到一个以扭转力、取向力、总能量和分子半径为自变量的QSAR模型,该模型复相关系数R达到0.987,复判定系数R2也达到0.967,通过F检验证明上述模型具有较高的预测能力。     

含4-正庚/正辛氧基苯基杂环化合物的设计、合成及生物活性

通过研究苯甲脒类抑制剂与酮醇酸还原异构酶(KARI)对接的结合模式,设计合成了一系列含正庚氧基及正辛氧基苯基的杂环化合物。用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、质谱及元素分析对26个目标产物(其中22个是新化合物)的结构进行了表征和确认。初步生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物大多具有不同程度的水稻KARI酶抑制活性和除草活性,其中化合物 9a和9b 在200 μg/mL浓度下对KARI酶的抑制率分别为65.7%和71.1%,在100 μg/mL浓度下对双子叶植物油菜Brassica campestris的抑制率分别达78.6%和89.0%。     

3,4-二氯异噻唑-5-甲酰胺衍生物的合成及生物活性

异噻唑类杂环化合物具有广泛的生物活性。为了扩大先导结构的发现范围,以3,4-二氯异噻唑-5-甲酸为原料合成了10个未见文献报道的3,4-二氯异噻唑-5-甲酰胺衍生物;其结构经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析确证。初步生物测试结果表明,化合物Ⅲe对9种病原真菌表现出了广谱的抑菌活性,在50 μg/mL下其抑制率均超过50%;在100 μg/mL下,大部分化合物展现了较好的抗烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)或诱导烟草抗TMV活性,其中化合物Ⅲa和Ⅲi的诱导活性分别为41.88%和42.92%。     

Quantitative structure-activity relationships of monoterpenoid binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor

BACKGROUND: Monoterpenoids are a large group of plant secondary metabolites. Many of these naturally occurring compounds have shown good insecticidal potency on pest insects. Previous studies in this laboratory have indicated that some monoterpenoids have positive modulatory effects on insect GABA receptors. In this study, the key properties of monoterpenoids involved in monoterpenoid binding activity at the housefly GABA receptor were determined by developing quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) models, and the relationship between the toxicities of these monoterpenoids and their GABA receptor binding activities was evaluated. RESULTS: Two QSAR models were determined for nine monoterpenoids showing significant effects on [³H]‐TBOB binding and for nine p‐menthane analogs with at least one oxygen atom attached to the ring. The Mulliken charges on certain carbon atoms, the log P value and the total energy showed significant relationships with binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor in these two QSAR models. CONCLUSIONS: From the QSAR models, some chemical and structural parameters, including the electronic properties, hydrophobicity and stability of monoterpenoid molecules, were suggested to be strongly involved in binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor. These findings will help to understand the mode of action of these natural insecticides, and provide guidance to predict more monoterpenoid insecticides. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Pyrimidinyl-substituted amides and thioureas: syntheses, crystal structure and herbicidal activities

BACKGROUND: The high herbicidal activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and 2H-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives suggested the development of new fused heterocyclic compounds for application as herbicides. RESULTS: Three series of pyrimidinyl-substituted thioureas (4) and amides (5, 6) were synthesized, and the typical crystal structure of a 2H-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivative (5a) was determined by X-ray diffraction. All the compounds were tested for herbicidal activity against selected weeds. CONCLUSION: The series of fused heterocyclic amides 5a to 5d exhibited high herbicidal activities both against monocotyledonous weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) M?nch., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop) and against dicotyledonous weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Brassica campestris L.) in pre-emergence treatments. In particular, compound 5b at low concentration still showed high inhibitory activity against A. retroflexus in pre-emergence treatment. Different substituents at the meta positions of the pyrimidine ring were found to affect the herbicidal activity.     

Structure-activity relationships in a series of new antifungal nitroalcohol derivatives

The structure-antifungal activity correlations of 23 new nitroalcohol derivatives (1-substituted-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diols, their ethers and esters) were investigated using a generalised quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) method, combining Golender and Rozenblit's logico-structural approach and the Free-Wilson and Hansch analyses. Based on results obtained from principal component analysis, the in-vitro activities against Helminthosporium sativum, the inhibition of germination and of growth could be assumed to be governed by a common mechanism. It is suggested that the antifungal activity of the compounds studied is determined mainly by the presence or absence of an aromatic ring (unsubstituted, or bearing a hydrophobic group that is small in bulk and electron-attracting) at position 1, of a (potential) double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2, and of an acyloxy group at position 3. Among these factors, the double bond seems to be the most important, and the mechanism of the antifungal action is probably dependent on the reactivity of this bond towards thiol groups of endogenous substances.     

Structure-activity relationships among the imidazolinone herbicides

The structure of the imidazolinone herbicides consists of three distinct moieties: the imidazolinone ring, the carboxylic acid and the backbone. The effect of changes in each of these on herbicidal activity, crop selectivity and AHAS enzyme inhibition has been studied. Though both whole-plant and enzyme activity were drastically affected by changes in the carboxylic acid or imidazolinone ring portions of the molecule, a variety of backbones and of substituents on the backbones afforded good activity. Methyl-isopropyl was found to be the best combination of substituents on the imidazolinone ring. While pyridine backbones generally gave the most active herbicides, benzene backbones led to the strongest enzyme inhibition. A QSAR study in the pyridine series generated two equations which proved useful for guiding the analog program toward the synthesis of potent heteropyridyl compounds. Selectivity in wheat is dependent upon differences in the rate of metabolism of key groups. Rapid metabolism of either the imidazolinone ring or backbone alkyl groups occurs rapidly in soybeans compared with susceptible weeds.     

Molecular modifications of benzylphenol and benzyl-1,3-benzodioxole types of insect chemosterilants

Rationally planned structural modifications were carried out on benzylphenols and benzyl-1,3-benzodioxoles described as fly chemosterilants and as anti-juvenile hormones. The introduction of a prop-2-ynyloxy group at various sites of the molecule resulted in compounds with a moderate inhibitory action on cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases, as measured by aldrin epoxidation. One compound, 5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-prop-2-ynyloxy-1,3-benzodioxole, revealed chemosterilant activity on Phormia regina, but its activity was less than that of the parent compounds. 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)benzyl]phenol, which possessed a juvenoid structure, revealed no juvenile hormone (JH) activity but showed a high sterilant effect against Dysdercus cingulatus. In contrast to the parent substances, none of the tested compounds showed a detectable anti-JH effect in the Galleria assay. 8-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxydibenz[b,e]oxepine, a hitherto undescribed fused heterocyclic ring system, was devoid of activity, indicating the importance of free rotation and/or molecular flexibility. In spite of the moderate activities of these compounds, the manifold biological potential of the quinone-methide mechanism justifies further research on these lines.     

Imidazoles III. Pesticidal screening of some substituted 1-hydroxyimidazoles

The screening of 30 substituted 1-hydroxyimidazoles as herbicides, anthelmintics, insecticides, bacteriostats, fungicides, coccidiostats and nematocides disclosed a broad spectrum of biological activity in all but two compounds. The most pesticidally active imidazoles carried an interdiazal benzenoid or heterocyclic aromatic ring substituent with a phenolic or potentially phenolic group attached thereto.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one and pyrazolin-5-one derivatives

A series of novel 2-(2,4,6-trisubstituted phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one derivatives and 3-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)pyrazolin-5-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for insecticidal activity. It was found that a moderately bulky alkyl group, such as a tert-butyl group, on the heterocyclic ring, and a trifluoromethyl group on the benzene ring were optimal substituents on the molecule. The oxygen atom in the oxadiazoline ring was essential for insecticidal activity. Of the compounds assayed, 4-tert-butyl-2-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one gave the highest activity against Nephtotettix cincticeps, with an LC₅₀ value of 0.51 mg litre⁻¹. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry