绒山羊X染色体7个微卫星标记的遗传连锁图谱的构建

本研究利用内蒙古白绒山羊的7个父系半同胞家系共794个个体,用X染色体上的7个微卫星标记进行了系谱确认,构建了绒山羊X染色体遗传连锁图。结果表明,7个标记的等位基因数变化范围为9～14,杂合度在0.585～0.918之间,平均杂合度为0.726;多态信息含量在0.759～0.897之间,平均多态信息含量为0.834。构建的内蒙古白绒山羊X染色体遗传连锁图总长度139.4 cM,与英国罗斯林研究所公布的SM4.7绵羊连锁图标记顺序一致,可用于下一步的QTL定位研究。     

凉山半细毛羊3号染色体遗传连锁框架图的构建

研究基于四川凉山半细毛羊资源参考家系,选取位于绵羊3号染色体的9个多态微卫星位点,共275个个体,构建了凉山半细毛羊3号染色体的遗传连锁框架图。结果表明:9个位点等位基因数目为3~9个,杂合度为0.404~0.766,多态信息含量为0.378~0.738。构建的3号两性平均遗传连锁框架图的总长为339.7cm,与USDA图谱位点顺序一致,图谱总长较USDA长。可在此基础上增加标记和群体样本数构建更精细的遗传连锁图,并对具有重要经济性状的基因座进行精细定位。     

辽宁绒山羊七个微卫星位点遗传多样性分析

分析了7个微卫星基因座位OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506、BM1824、BM6438、ILSTS004在辽宁绒山羊4个家系中的遗传多态性.结果表明:7个微卫星标记中仅有4个微卫星位点(OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506)表现出了多态性.OarAE101位点多态信息含量最高,pic为0.727,BM143位点多态信息含量最低,PIC为0.526.在所标记群体中平均有效等位基因数为3.249个±1.318个;平均多态信息含量为0.635±0.087;遗传杂合度均值为0.638±0.182.说明辽宁绒山羊品种内的遗传变异处于一个较高的水平,遗传多样性丰富,选择潜力很大.     

绵羊3号染色体11个微卫星位点的遗传研究

从已经公布的绵羊3号染色体连锁图谱中选取11个微卫星位点，分析这些位点在四川凉山半细毛羊参考群体中的580只父母代及其后代在个体上的多态性，利用MultiQTL程序构建绵羊3号染色体两性平均连锁图谱。结果表明：11个微卫星位点的等位基因数为5-11个．杂合度为0．3232～0．8179，多态信息含量为0．3125～0．8410。本研究所构建的连锁图谱在不同家系之间存在差异，并且与已公布的第二、三代遗传连锁图谱的总长度、标记位置都有差异。     

牦牛10个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

利用PCR技术和全自动毛细血管电泳法技术检测牦牛BM1818、BM1824、CSSM66、TGLA53、ETH10、TGLA126、INRA037、ILSTS006、ILST0013、ETH225等10个STR基因座的多态性分布,并计算该10个基因座的基因频率(Pi)、杂合度(H)和多态信息含量(PIC)等值。结果显示:68只牦牛的10个微卫星座位共检测到102个等位基因,平均为10.2;牦牛中10个STR基因座的平均多态信息含量为0.685,10个基因座的平均多态信息含量大于0.5。其中10个基因座的平均观望杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.7995、0.6154。属于高度杂合标记,遗传变异丰富。筛选出的10个STR基因座可用于牦牛遗传多样性、遗传结构分析及遗传图谱的构建等工作。     

布拖黑绵羊微卫星标记遗传多样性研究

本文旨在研究布拖黑绵羊群体的遗传特性,选择了位于绵羊染色体上的30个微卫星标记,统计等位基因、多态信息含量、杂合度等,分析布拖黑绵羊群体的遗传多样性。结果表明,布拖黑绵羊群体30个微卫星标记具有4~13个等位基因,平均为7.27个等位基因;30个微卫星标记的观察杂合度为0.3269~0.8846,平均为0.6269;期望杂合度为0.3620~0.8865,平均为0.6769;多态信息含量为0.3338~0.8660,平均为0.6257,显示布拖黑绵羊群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

微卫星标记ILSTS011在3个绵羊品种中的遗传多样性分析

为了分析微卫星标记ILSTS011的遗传多态性,研究以河南省地方绵羊品种大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离微卫星标记的带型.结果表明:在3个绵羊品种中均检测到微卫星标记ILSTS011有3个等位基因,微卫星标记ILSTS011的平均杂合度为0.614 1,平均有效等位基因数为2.614 0,平均多态信息含量为0.551 3.说明ILSTS011为高度多态基因座,可作为有效的遗传标记用于大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊和豫西脂尾羊的遗传多样性分析.     

用5个微卫星标记分析四川7个地方山羊品种的遗传关系

选用5个微卫星标记对四川7个地方山羊品种(类群)进行了遗传关系分析。结果表明:5个微卫星标记检测到的等位基因数从1～7个不等,平均多态信息含量为0.537～0.716,其中ILSTS004、ILSTS030、McM038和OarFCB011这4个基因座位为高度多态性基因座,CSSM004为中度多态基因座,都能较好地用于山羊群体间的遗传多样性分析。7个山羊群体的平均多态信息含量为0.601～0.696,群体平均杂合度为0.530～0.655,群体间的遗传分化系数为0.1167,表明7个地方山羊群体的遗传多样性较为丰富。群体间的Nei氏遗传距离为0.0822～0.7240,以Nei氏遗传距离为基础构建的系统聚类树表明,藏山羊、建昌黑山羊、成都麻羊和北川白山羊聚为一大类,第2类为乐至黑山羊和金堂黑山羊,最后简阳大耳羊单独成一类。     

山羊品种遗传多样性的分析

利用6个微卫星标记对中西部7个山羊品种(陕南白山羊、陕北白绒山羊、西农萨能羊、关中奶山羊、太行山羊、黄淮山羊、伏牛山羊)共计322个个体进行了遗传多样性检测,并根据Nei氏遗传距离进行了聚类分析。结果表明:6个微卫星标记在这7个品种中存在高度多态性;陕北白绒山羊的遗传变异程度最大,平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为:0.8401和0.8244;而关中奶山羊的遗传变异程度相对较小,平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为:0.7990和0.7784。UPGMA聚类分析表明,黄淮山羊和伏牛山羊聚为一类,陕南白山羊,太行山羊,陕北白绒山羊依次加入,西农萨能羊和关中奶山羊作为一类最后加入。     

辽宁绒山羊7个微卫星位点的遗传多样性分析

试验分析了7个微卫星基因座位OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506、BM1824、BM6438I、LSTS004在辽宁绒山羊4个家系中的遗传多态性。结果表明,7个微卫星标记中仅有4个微卫星位点(OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506)表现出了多态性。OarAE101位点多态信息含量最高,为0.727;BM143位点多态信息含量最低,为0.526。在所标记群体中平均有效等位基因数为3.249个;平均多态信息含量为0.635;遗传杂合度均值为0.638。说明辽宁绒山羊品种内的遗传变异处于一个较高的水平,遗传多样性丰富,选择潜力很大。     

A male bovine linkage map for the ADR granddaughter design

The aim of this paper is to present the construction of a male genetic linkage map as a result of the bovine genome mapping project, which is a common effort of the German cattle breeding federation (ADR), four animal breeding institutes, three blood group laboratories and two animal data and breeding value evaluation centres. In total 20 grandsires with 1074 sires were provided from the German cattle population as reference families, 16 of these paternal half‐sib groups are German Holstein families (DH), three are German Simmental (ST) families, and one is a Brown Swiss family (BS). Of 265 markers included in the linkage map, 248 were microsatellite markers, five were bovine blood group systems, eight SSCP markers and four proteins and enzymes. More than 239 000 genotypes resulted from typing the offspring for the respective markers and these were used for the construction of the map. On average 478 informative meioses were provided from each marker of the map. The summarized map length over all chromosomes was 3135.1 cM with an average interval size of 13.34 cM. About 17, 35.7 and 79.1% of the map intervals showed a maximum genetic distance between the adjacent markers of 5, 10 and 20 cM, respectively. The number of loci ranged from two (pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosome, BTAY) to 15 (BTA23) with an average of 8.8 markers per chromosome. Comparing the length of the chromosomes shows variation from 49.6 cM for BTA26 to 190.5 cM for BTA1 with a mean of 107.7 cM for all autosomes of the genetic linkage map. It was possible to identify chromosomal discrepancies in locus order and map intervals by comparison with other published maps. The map provided sufficient marker density to serve as a useful tool for a scan of segregating quantitative trait loci.     

Application of bovine microsatellite markers on Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis)

The aim of the present study was to assess the applicability of bovine microsatellite markers on Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). A total of 127 microsatellite markers were tested on a male and a young female Saola. An efficient amplification was observed for 123 markers (96.8%), 73 markers (59.3%) were polymorphic. Four loci (BM2304, BMS1928, BMS779 and ILSTS006) on cattle chromosomes 1, 4, 7 and 8, respectively, failed to amplify in Saola. Two cattle Y‐chromosome‐specific microsatellite markers (INRA126 and BM861) were successfully amplified from both sexes in Saola. However, two additional markers (INRA124 and INRA189) on Y‐chromosome failed to amplify in the female animal. These results show that most of the bovine microsatellite markers are applicable in Saola and therefore they can be used to study the phylogenetic relationships and the genetic diversity of the Saola population.     

微卫星标记与考力代羊体重体尺性状遗传关系研究

本试验用单标记法研究考力代绵羊1号染色体ILSTS004~CSSM004和BM6506~MCM130之间的12个微卫星位点ILSTS004、MCMA008、MNS0094、CSSM004、BM6505、BMS4008、CSRD0298、TGLA415、BM8246、RM0509、URB0038、MCM0130,与其绵羊初生重、断奶重、体重(8月龄)、体高、体长、胸围、管围的遗传关系,结果ILSTS004位点不同基因型对初生重影响极显著(P<0·01)、对体重影响显著(P<0·05),CSSM004位点对体长影响显著(P<0·05),其余位点对体重等性状无显著影响(P>0·05)。其中,ILSTS004位点:基因型101099个体的初生重显著高于基因型095093(P<0·05),基因型101099个体的体重显著高于基因型103103(P<0·05);CSSM004基因型196196个体的体长显著大于基因型202202(P<0·05)。提示在1号染色体微卫星位点ILSTS004附近可能存在影响绵羊初生重、体重的数量性状位点(QTL),ILSTS004可作为其遗传标记之一;在CSSM004附近可能存在影响体长的QTL,CSSM004可作为其遗传标记之一。     

家鸡豆冠基因定位的研究

构建家鸡1号染色体短臂部分连锁图谱及豆冠冠型基因的定位。通过测交选择豆冠冠型基因型纯合的2只吐鲁番斗鸡(♂)和6只玫瑰冠鸡(♀)为亲本,采用F2代试验设计建立F2代494只,依据己公布的家鸡遗传连锁图谱,分别在1号染色体上筛选了13对微卫星标记,运用MapMaker/EXP 3.0和MapDraw 2.1软件绘制遗传连锁图谱,并结合记录的表型性状值对冠型性状进行定位分析。经卡方检验F2代冠型符合9∶3∶3∶1的遗传定律。在连锁分析中除MCW0007位外,其余12个微卫星座位在试验群体中均表现较高的基因杂合度和多态信息含量。对冠型性状进行初步的分析,结果显示,MCW0428、ADL0319、LEI0174和MCW0058标记位点LOD值＞3,表明这4个微卫星位点与豆冠冠型基因存在连锁关系,其中LEI0174与豆冠基因遗传距离最近为0.12 cM。     

Genetic characterization of Barbari goats using microsatellite markers

Genetic variation in Barbari goats, a highly prolific breed distributed widely in the northern part of India, known for better milk and meat quality, was studied as a part of genetic characterization and conservation. The genomic DNA from 50 unrelated Barbari goats were amplified via PCR with a panel of 21 microsatellite markers, and resolved through 6 per cent denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 11, with allele sizes ranging from 88 to 220 bp. The distribution of allele frequencies was between 0.0104 and 0.5208. Polymorphism information content varied from 0.5563 to 0.8348. The population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all except two microsatellite loci (ILSTS044 and ILSTS060). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.8478 to 1.0000 while the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.6208 to 0.8509. Based on the results of the present study, there is a good scope for exploiting the genetic variability in the Barbari goats for further improvement of performance.     

四倍体马铃薯SRAP分子遗传连锁图谱的构建

为了给后期马铃薯块茎高淀粉、高干物质及产量等重要数量性状基因座(QTL)定位和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础,以四倍体马铃薯YSP-4×MIN-021杂种F1的182个分离单株为作图群体,利用相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)分子标记进行了遗传图谱构建研究。试验从357对SRAP引物中筛选出适宜引物36对。用这些引物对马铃薯杂种F1的182个分离单株及其亲本的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增得到598个SRAP标记。卡方检验显示偏分离标记数为127个,其中母本连锁群59个,父本连锁群68个,偏分离比率均小于30%,符合遗传作图的要求。用软件JoinMap4.0建立了2张四倍体马铃薯双亲的SRAP遗传图谱。母本YSP-4的连锁群总长度为1572.2cM,标记数目为274个,平均间距为5.74cM,12个连锁群的长度范围为14.03~214.44cM;父本MIN-021的连锁群总长度为1932.23cM,标记数目为324个,平均间距为5.96cM,各连锁群的长度范围为93.65~242.06cM。     

对家蚕第2隐性赤蚁基因(ch-2)的SSR标记定位及连锁分析

家蚕蚁蚕体色突变之一的第2隐性赤蚁(ch-2)有作为特殊遗传系统的实用价值。采用家蚕正常黑蚁品种P50和第2隐性赤蚁品种k04为亲本组配正反交群体,回交后获得回交群体(k04×P50)×k04和k04×(k04×P50),分别记作BC1F和BC1M,基于雌性家蚕的W与Z染色体不发生交换的特点,用已构建的家蚕SSR分子标记连锁图谱对ch-2基因进行定位和连锁分析。在第18连锁群上的20个多态性标记中共筛选出7个与ch-2基因连锁的SSR标记。根据第18连锁群上已有但不表现多态性的微卫星序列,寻找其所在Scaffold上的其他SSR位点并设计引物,结果找到2个新的多态性SSR标记。BC1F群体中的所有黑蚁个体均表现出与F1(k04×P50)相同的杂合型带型,而所有赤蚁个体带型与亲本k04一致,为纯合型,说明家蚕ch-2基因位于第18连锁群。利用另一个群体BC1M构建了ch-2基因的SSR分子标记遗传连锁图,连锁图的遗传距离为70.7cM,ch-2基因位于69.6 cM处。2个与ch-2最近的SSR标记为S1814和S1819,与ch-2的距离分别为7.9、1.1 cM。     

基于SRAP分子标记构建的菊苣遗传连锁图谱

基于SRAP标记,以遗传关系和表型差异大的菊苣亲本PI 651947和PI 652007杂交获得的84个F₁单株为作图群体,进行连锁图谱的构建。采用Map Manager QTX b20软件进行连锁分析,分别构建了PI 651947和PI 652007的分子连锁框架图,共获得77个SRAP标记,其中父本遗传图谱涉及4个连锁群,包含19个标记,图谱总长为450.9 cM,标记间平均图距为23.7 cM。母本遗传图谱涉及13个连锁群,包含58个标记,图谱总长为1404.8 cM,标记间平均图距为24.2 cM。研究结果可为菊苣重要农艺性状QTL定位奠定基础,为菊苣分子育种研究提供了基础信息。     

Fine mapping a quantitative trait locus affecting ovulation rate in swine on chromosome 8

Ovulation rate is an integral component of litter size in swine, but is difficult to directly select for in commercial swine production. Because a QTL has been detected for ovulation rate at the terminal end of chromosome 8p, genetic markers for this QTL would enable direct selection for ovulation rate in both males and females. Eleven genes from human chromosome 4p16-p15, as well as one physiological candidate gene, were genetically mapped in the pig. Large insert swine genomic libraries were screened, clones were isolated and then screened for microsatellite repeats, and informative microsatellite markers were developed for seven genes (GNRHR, IDUA, MAN2B2, MSX1, PDE6B, PPP2R2C, and RGS12). Three genes (LRPAP1, GPRK2L, and FLJ20425) were mapped using genotyping assays developed from single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two genes were assigned since they were present in clones that contained mapped markers (HGFAC and HMX1). The resulting linkage map of pig chromosome 8 contains markers associated with 14 genes in the first 27 cM. One inversion spanning at least 3 Mb in the human genome was detected; all other differences could be explained by resolution of mapping techniques used. Fourteen of the most informative microsatellite markers in the first 27 cM of the map were genotyped across the entire MARC swine resource population, increasing the number of markers typed from 2 to 14 and more than doubling the number ofgenotyped animals with ovulation rate data (295 to 600). Results from the revised data set for the QTL analysis, assuming breed specific QTL alleles, indicated that the most likely position of the QTL resided at 4.85 cM on the new linkage map (F1,592 = 20.5150, genome-wide probability less than 0.015). The updated estimate of the effect of an allele substitution was -1.65 ova for the Meishan allele. The F-ratio peak was closest to markers for MAN2B2 (4.80 cM) and was flanked on the other side by markers for PPP2R2C. Two positional candidate genes included in this study are MAN2B2 and RGS12. These results validate the presence of a QTL affecting ovulation rate on chromosome 8 and facilitate selection of positional candidate genes to be evaluated.