华南大豆种质对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性分析

【目的】大豆疫霉根腐病是由大豆疫霉菌引起的严重影响大豆生产的世界性病害之一,选用抗病品种是控制该病最经济有效的措施。筛选抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1的优异抗源和多抗疫霉根腐病种质资源,推导大豆种质抗疫霉根腐病基因,为热带、亚热带地区大豆抗病育种提供有效抗源。【方法】采用下胚轴创伤接种法,利用在广东发现并分离的大豆疫霉菌PGD1菌株,接种鉴定主要来自广东、广西、福建、海南、湖南、江西和四川等华南省份631份大豆种质资源的抗病性,筛选抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1种质资源;再用其他6个不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌株接种鉴定抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1的种质,筛选多抗资源,通过基因推导方法分析抗病种质的抗病基因类型。【结果】631份大豆种质中有101份种质抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1,占鉴定种质的16.0%;73份为中间反应类型,占11.6%;457份表现感病,占72.4%。其中83份抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1的种质对其他6个不同毒力菌株Pm14、Pm28、PNJ1、PNJ3、PNJ4、P6497的侵染率分别为28.9%、34.9%、9.6%、66.3%、57.8%和10.8%。4份种质同时抗7个不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌株,分别为ZDD21538、ZDD21604、ZDD14286和明夏豆1号,占鉴定种质的4.8%。毒力频率为0的种质有15份,占鉴定种质的18.1%。83份大豆种质对7个不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌株共产生20种反应型,1种反应型与单个抗病基因的鉴别寄主Williams79反应型一致,可能含有抗病基因Rps1c;45份种质产生的9种反应型符合一些2个或2个以上已知抗病基因组合的反应型,这些种质可能含有已知抗病基因组合;38份种质共产生11种反应型既不同于任何含有单个已知抗病基因品种的反应型也不同于2个或2个以上已知抗病基因组合的反应型,它们可能含有新的抗病基因或基因组合。【结论】华南地区大豆种质中蕴藏着丰富的抗大豆疫霉菌PGD1和多抗大豆疫霉菌抗源,这些抗病种质可作为热带、亚热带地区大豆抗病育种的重要亲本和抗病基因定位的重要研究材料。     

黄淮地区大豆种质资源对疫霉根腐病的抗病性评价

【目的】建立一套大豆抗疫霉菌根腐病基因鉴别菌系,并用于分析大豆品种(系)是否含有抗病基因Rps1a、Rps1c和Rps1k。【方法】采用下胚轴接种法测定了125个大豆疫霉菌分离物的毒性组成,筛选了不同毒力公式的6个大豆疫霉菌并建立了该菌系,测定了黄淮地区55个主栽大豆品种(系)对该菌系的抗性并通过基因推导方法进行抗病基因分析。【结果】55个大豆品种(系)共产生18种反应型。抗病基因的推导结果表明,有2个品种可能含有Rps1c,没有鉴定到可能携带有Rps1a或Rps1k的大豆品种(系)。【结论】黄淮地区携带抗病基因Rps1a、Rps1c和Rps1k的大豆品种(系)并不多,且易感疫霉菌,因此需要及时进行抗性育种并积极推广。     

大豆对大豆疫霉根腐病抗性的遗传分析

 【目的】研究大豆对大豆疫霉根腐病完全抗性和部分抗性两种抗性的遗传方式。【方法】利用不同抗性类型的品种（系）配置4个杂交组合,在分别采用下胚轴伤口接种法和根部接种法接种大豆疫霉菌株PNJ1条件下,研究两种抗性的遗传模式。【结果】豫豆25和郑92116对大豆疫霉菌的抗性由一对显性单基因控制,General和 Conrad对大豆疫霉菌的部分抗性由1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,F2代主基因和多基因遗传率分别为41.31%～74.84%和15.60%～50.36%,F2:3代主基因和多基因遗传率分别为54.21%～77.05%和13.52%～38.24%。大豆对疫霉根腐病完全抗性和部分抗性分别属于不同的遗传体系。【结论】两类抗性都有育种价值,并且在早世代选择是有效的。选育聚合有完全抗性和部分抗性的品种是使大豆获得疫霉根腐病高水平抗性和持久抗性的最佳途径。     

大豆疫霉根腐病抗性相关基因SDR1的克隆及功能分析

【目的】获得大豆疫霉根腐病抗性相关基因,为培育大豆抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】在以大豆抗病品种绥农10构建的受疫霉菌诱导后差异表达的cDNA消减文库的基础上,选取文库中一条与其它植物的DR1基因具有较高同源性且上调表达的EST序列。通过RT-PCR方法从绥农10中克隆该基因,并构建到植物表达载体pCAMBIA3301上,以感病品种东农50的子叶节为外植体通过根癌农杆菌介导的方法进行大豆遗传转化。【结果】该基因全长805 bp,开放读码框为471 bp,编码156个氨基酸,在此命名为SDR1。遗传转化获得转基因PCR鉴定阳性植株5株,Real-time PCR检测T1转基因植株较非转基因植株SDR1表达量提高20倍以上的有3株,经Southern杂交分析表明,出现杂交信号的有3株。经离体叶片接种大豆疫霉菌,转基因大豆的抗性较非转基因大豆明显提高。【结论】成功克隆了大豆疫霉根腐病抗性相关基因SDR1,并通过对过量表达的大豆转基因植株的抗病性鉴定初步确定了SDR1的抗病功能。     

华南地区推广应用大豆品种对疫霉根腐病的抗性评价

【目的】评价华南地区大豆 Glycine max (L.)Merrill品种（系）及其亲本对7个大豆疫霉菌 Phytophthora sojae 的抗性.【方法】采用下胚轴创伤接种法鉴定67个品种（系）及其亲本对7个不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌菌株的抗性.【结果和结论】67个品种对7个不同毒力菌株PGD1、Pm14、Pm28、PNJ1、PNJ3、PNJ4、P6497的侵染率不同,接种大豆疫霉菌PGD1的侵染率最高,PGD1是华南地区发现并分离的大豆疫霉菌新种,抗PGD1的品种有华夏6号、粤夏2011-4、桂春6号、桂春10号、桂夏1号、浙春3号,占鉴定品种的9%;其次是Pm28和Pm14,接种PNJ1和PNJ4的侵染率较低;另外,对7个大豆疫霉菌菌株都表现感病的品种有29个,占鉴定品种的43.3%.华南地区抗或多抗大豆疫霉根腐病的大豆品种较少,需要加强大豆品种抗病种质资源筛选和抗病育种研究.     

251份大豆品种(系)对大豆疫霉及多种镰孢菌的抗性评价

[目的]本研究旨在评价2019—2020年国家大豆良种攻关项目新选育的251份大豆品种(系)对大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)和多种镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)的抗性水平,筛选出既抗大豆疫霉又抗多种镰孢菌的抗性品种(系),为利用抗病品种防控大豆根腐病和抗病育种提供资源材料.[方法]采用大豆黄化苗...     

大豆抗疫霉根腐病的分子机制

大豆疫霉根腐病是毁灭性病害之一,每年都会给大豆产业带来巨大的经济损失。抗病品种的选育和种植是对此病的最有效防治措施。抗病机制的研究可以为抗病品种的选育提供理论基础,因此抗病机制成为研究焦点。根据大豆抗疫霉根腐病(Phytophora root rot)的分子机制的研究进展,文章阐述了大豆防卫基因、大豆疫霉菌无毒基因以及大豆-疫霉菌互作的研究进展,以期为抗病品种的选育提供理论基础。     

新疆大豆疫霉菌的毒力组成研究

为明确大豆疫霉菌在新疆的分布和新疆大豆疫霉菌的毒力组成,采用大豆叶碟诱捕法从新疆大豆田土壤中分离大豆疫霉菌,并采用幼苗下胚轴伤口接种法鉴定大豆疫霉菌的毒力。结果共分离到26个大豆疫霉菌株,毒力测定鉴定出20个不同的毒力型,说明新疆的大豆疫霉菌表现出丰富的毒力多样性。新疆大豆疫霉菌对抗病基因Rps1a,Rps1c和Rps1k的毒力频率均为0,因此,可应用这3个抗病基因对新疆大豆疫霉根腐病进行有效控制。     

转基因大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性评价

大豆疫霉根腐病是影响大豆生产的重要病害之一,选育抗病品种对防治大豆疫霉根腐病是最有效的方法,其中抗大豆疫霉根腐病的转基因品种选育是重要手段之一。本研究主要采用下胚轴接种法对280个转基因大豆种质资源接种大豆疫霉根腐病菌吉林省优势生理小种1号,进行抗根腐病鉴定。结果表明:吉林省农科院提供的280份转基因大豆种质资源对1号生理小种表现抗病的有27份,占9.6%,表现感病的有188份,占67.1%,表现中间型的有65份,占23.2%。     

大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒性与DNA多态性之间的关系

采用下胚轴伤口菌丝接种法在携带抗病单基因的8个大豆品种(系)上,对采自黑龙江省和吉林省的20个大豆疫霉根腐病菌株进行毒性检测,根据抗感反应将其分为6个毒性组。运用22个随机引物扩增供试菌株,共得到151个RAPD标记,其中多态性标记101个,占66.90%。通过聚类分析计算了各菌株之间的遗传距离,并产生树状图,发现菌株间存在遗传异质性,病原菌毒性和DNA多态性之间存在一定相关性。     

Resistance Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm from Huanghuai Region to Phytophthora Root Rot

The aim of the study was to establish a set of differential strains and to identify soybean resistant genes to Phytophthora root rot and then to apply those strains for analysis of the resistant genes Rps1a, Rps1c, and Rps1k that soybean cultivars or lines may carry. Virulence formula of 125 Phytophthora sojae isolates were determined using the hypocotyls inoculation technique, the strains, which includ 6 isolates with different virulence formulas, were applied to identify the resistance of 55 soybean cultivars or lines and resistant genes were analyzed using the gene postulating procedure. Eighteen reaction types occurred in 55 cultivars or lines and results of gene postulation indicated that 2 cultivars or lines probably carried gene Rpslc and no cultivar may carry genes Rpsla or Rpslk. A few of soybean cultivars or lines from Huanghuai Region carry Rps genes Rpsla, Rpslc and Rpslk and tend to infect by P. sojae, so resistant cultivars or lines need to be bred and popularized actively.     

Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm from Provinces in Northeast China for Resistance to Phytophthora sojae

Soybean Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora sojae) is a severe disease all over the world. Soybean germplasm from central and southern China for resistance has been evaluated by American researchers on a large scale. P. sojae has been found frequently in northeast of China in recent years, but not systematic evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance has occurred there. By means of hypocotyl inoculation, 922 cultivars/lines from northeast of China were screened and evaluated for their response to race 1, and 25 of P.sojae. Generally resistance was less frequent in northeast of China than in central and southern China. Five cultivars/lines were identified that confer resistant responses to race 1,3,8,25 and four additional isolates of P.sojae. These cultivars/lines may provide valuable sources of resistance for future breeding programs.     

Resistance identification of bivalent fungi-resistant genes transformed soybean to Phytophthora sojae

Soybean is one of the most important sources of edible oil and proteins in the world.However,it suffers from many kinds of fungal diseases which is a major limiting factor in soybean production.The fungal disease can be effectively controlled by breeding plant cultivars with genetic transformation.In this study,the resistance to Phytophthora sojae of five bivalent transgenic soybean lines was identified using the hypocotyls inoculation technique.The lines were the T,of the transgenic soybean which were transformed with kidney bean chitinase gene and barley ribosome inactivating protein gene,and were positive by Southern Blot analysis.The resistance difference was studied through comparing the death percentage of transgenic soybean with the control.The results showed that four lines were more resistant to P.sojae,whereas other one had no significant difference in comparison with the control.These transgenic soybean lines with enhanced resistance to P.sojae will be useful in soybean resistance breeding.     

Identification, Genetic Analysis and Mapping of Resistance to Phytophthora sojae of Pm28 in Soybean

Phytophthora sojae Kanfman and Gerdemann (P.sojae) is one of the most prevalent pathogens and causes Phytophthora root rot,which limits soybean production worldwide.Development of resistant cultivars is a cost-effective approach to controlling this disease.In this study,127 soybean germplasm were evaluated for their responses to Phytophthora sojae strain Pm28 using the hypocotyl inoculation technique,and 49 were found resistant to the strain.The hypocotyl of P1,P2,F1,and F2:3 of two crosses of Ludou 4 (resistant)×Youchu 4 (susceptible) and Cangdou 5 (resistant)×Williams (susceptible) were inoculated with Pm28,and were used to analyze the inheritance of resistance.The population derived from the cross of Ludou 4×Youchu 4 was used to map the resistance gene (designated as Rps9) to a linkage group.932 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect polymorphism,and seven SSR markers were mapped near the resistance gene.The results showed that the resistance to Pm28 in Ludou 4 and Cangdou 5 was controlled by a single dominant gene Rps9,which was located on the molecular linkage group N between the SSR markers Satt631 (7.5 cM) and Sat_186 (4.3 cM).     

黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌生理小种鉴定及大豆种质的抗性评价

 研究大豆疫霉菌生理小种、大豆种质资源的抗病性和耐病性,旨在为有效的病害防治奠定基础。对来源于黑龙江省5个县(市)和1个国营农场的18个大豆疫霉菌分离物进行生理小种鉴定,共鉴别出5个大豆疫霉菌生理小种,其中两个小种的毒力公式分别为7和6,7,与国际上已报道的1号和13号小种相同,另外3个小种为未报道的新小种,1号小种为佳木斯优势生理小种。在145份黑龙江省大豆种质中,有10个选育品种、6个地方品种和19个育成品系抗1号小种,占鉴定资源的24.14%,其中地方品种中抗病材料仅为10.00%,这表明黑龙江省大豆抗性资源相对较少。在鉴定的选育品种和地方品种中未发现高耐品种。     

利用mRNA差异显示技术(DDRT-PCR)研究大豆抗疫霉根腐病的分子机制

文章以中国优良大豆品种东农46及大豆疫霉优势生理小种1号菌株为材料,利用mRNA差异显示技术研究东农46与大豆疫霉根腐病菌非亲和互作中前后基因表达的差异,寻找并分离出与大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性相关的9条cDNA片段,通过这些差异片段的序列分析进一步阐述大豆对疫霉根腐病菌的分子抗病机制。     

抗真菌转基因大豆对大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性鉴定

采用下胚轴伤口接种法,对Southern杂交阳性的转菜豆几丁质酶基因和大麦核糖体失活蛋白基因的双价转基因大豆T2代的5个株系,进行了大豆疫霉根腐病抗病性检测,并通过比较接种后转基因大豆与对照组的死亡率来探讨两者的抗病性差异。结果表明,有4个转基因株系对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性与非转基因对照组相比有明显提高,另外1个株系与对照组相比没有明显差异。