兔病毒性出血症的诊断

兔病毒性出血症又称兔瘟 ,是兔的一种急性病毒性传染病、病程短、死亡率高。其临床症状为 :食欲废绝、渴感明显、呼吸急促 ,轻瘫或完全瘫痪 ,排稀便 ,濒死期常发出尖叫、四肢僵直、头颈后仰、肛门松弛。病理变化可见喉头、气管粘膜严重充血、气管和支气管内有泡沫样血液、心脏淤血、水肿、肺出血 ,肝脏淤血、肿大、肾脏表面有散在出血点等。通过临床观察、病理解剖及实验室诊断可确诊免病毒性出血症。确诊后 ,应对未发病兔进行兔瘟疫苗紧急接种。仔兔每只2ｍＬ ,成兔注射量按公斤体重计算 ,注苗后 5ｄ疫情即可得到控制兔病毒性出血症的诊断@…     

鸭瘟及其防制

鸭瘟是由鸭瘟病毒引起的急性传染病。临床特征为体温升高、两脚发软无力、下痢、流泪和部分病鸭头颈部肿大。剖检特征是食道黏膜小点出血,并有灰黄色假膜或溃疡灶,泄殖腔黏膜充血、出血、水肿和坏死,肝有不规则的大小不等的坏死灶及出血点。本病传播迅速,发病率和死亡率都很高。1病原（1）鸭瘟病毒分类上属于疱诊病毒属,核酸类型为DNA,具有囊膜,近似球形,其大小在91～181nm。     

中西医结合防治鸭瘟

鸭瘟是由鸭瘟病毒引起的一种急性败血性传染病,其特征为高热、脚软、下痢、流泪和部分病鸭头、颈部肿大.食道黏膜有小出血点,并有灰黄色假膜覆盖或溃疡,殖腔黏膜充血、出血、水肿和坏死.     

鸭瘟的症状与实验室诊治措施

鸭瘟是鸭的急性败血性传染病，临床特征为体温升高，两脚发软无力，下痢，流泪，部分病鸭头颈部肿大，食道黏膜有小出血点，并有灰黄色假膜覆盖或溃疡，泄殖腔黏膜充血、出血、水肿和坏死。剖检时见肝有不规则的大小不等的坏死灶及出血点。本病传染迅速，发病率和致死率很高，鸭群感染鸭瘟后，往往引起大批死亡，造成严重的经济损失。     

兔瘟的诊断和防治

1986年2月20—26日某养兔户的27只长毛兔,突然死亡22只,死亡率81.5％。我们进行了临床剖检、红细胞凝集实验、红细胞凝集抑制实验、抗兔瘟高免血清试验性治疗,确诊为兔瘟病。现报告于下: 一、临床表现和剖检变化病兔死前多发出惨叫,阵发性抽搐,被毛逆立,精神萎顿,饮欲增加,肛门常附有胶冻样物质;部分尸体嘴、鼻流出淡红色泡沫样液体。剖检可见心肌松软,心外膜有出血点;肝瘀血肿大,间质增宽,质脆;胆囊增大,充满胆汁;肾呈紫褐色,表面有出血点;脾多肿大,呈褐色;胃内充满食物;膀胱积尿;淋巴结充血、出血;肺里程度不同的充血,出血和水肿.     

幼獭兔巴氏杆菌病并发大肠杆菌感染的诊治

1临床诊断 1．1临床症状病兔体温升高,精神沉郁,食欲不振,消瘦,腹部膨胀,排细小、两头尖的黄色粪粒,有些病兔的粪便细软,成形或不成形,带有胶样黏液,病重时患兔仅排黏液。 1．2病理解剖剖检病兔见咽喉附有黏稠分泌物;气管黏膜充血、出血：心内膜有出血斑;肺肿胀、实变,膨胀不全,心叶、尖叶、膈叶前下部有脓肿和灰白色的小结节：肝脏肿大、瘀血;胃肠黏膜充血、出血、脱落,胃内充满气体和糊状内容物;肠系膜淋巴结红肿。     

兔瘟与兔魏氏梭菌混合感染的诊治

泊头市区的一规模养兔场,一个月前从外地新购入300只塞北兔(1月龄),最近发病,死亡50余只。据临床症状、剖检变化、结合流行病学和实验室检验诊断为兔瘟和兔魏氏梭菌混合感染。1临床症状急性发病的没有明显症状即死亡,大多数发生于夜间。有的死前突然倒地、抽搐、尖叫而死,少数病兔鼻孔流出鲜血,有的体质瘦弱、拉稀、粪便恶臭。2剖检变化肺严重出血,切开肺,血水流出;气管充满出血性泡沫,鼻腔、气管和喉黏膜弥漫性充血、出血;左心房严重扩张,心脏表面血管充血、瘀血,心包膜点状出血;肝脏肿大质脆、脾肿大、肾皮质点状出血,小肠黏膜出血,肠内有…     

一起兔魏氏梭菌病的诊治

<正> 2006年2月,我村某兔场发生以中青年兔(2～3月龄)腹泻,突然死亡为特征的疾病。刚开始畜主不太注意。后来整个兔群发病严重,死亡累计200多只,经用青霉素拌料饲喂无效,肌注庆大霉素也无效。1 临床症状有些兔子当天食欲正常,无异常情况,第二天早上便发现突然死在笼子里。有些兔子可见腹泻,拉出绿色或黄褐色的水样粪便,粘满肛门周围,后肢及其尾部的被毛,气昧腥臭难闻。在发现症状的1～2天,病兔整个躯体消瘦,软绵绵地趴在笼子里,无力走动,不久即死亡。病程稍长的可持续1周。2 病理变化对送检的病死兔进行剖检肉眼可见:喉头气管充血,出血明显;心肌变软,有大量淡黄色的心包积液,肝变脆:胆囊肿胀;脾脏稍肿大有瘀血斑;肺一侧或两侧有瘀血斑;肾脏散布有针尖大小的出血点:胃膨胀,内充满料和液体,胃黏膜易脱落,有出血点或大小不等的黑色溃疡(发病严重的从外观就可看到胃黏膜有出血点和黑色的溃疡),剖开可闻到一股腥臭气味,外观看到小肠鼓起,有弥漫性出血点,刮开闻到一股腐败味,小肠肠壁变薄,黏膜充血或出血;肠系膜淋巴结肿大;膀胱积尿,     

鸭病毒性肝炎综合防控技术

(一)病原和主要症状该病病原为鸭肝炎病毒,主要有3个不同的血清型:Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒为典型株,是常见的致病毒株,只感染5周龄以下、特别是3周内的雏鸭;其他二型病毒在我国鲜见致病报道。病鸭神经症状出现后,一般几分钟或几小时就会死亡。病鸭肝肿大,质地柔软,外观呈淡红色、土黄色或红黄色,表面有大小不一的出血点或出血斑;胆囊肿大;肾脏多数肿大、充血;脾脏有的肿大,有花斑;胰脏肿大充血;其他器官病变不明显。此病与鸭瘟和禽霍乱的主要区别是:该病     

兔瘟常见病理变化及处理措施

兔瘟是由兔病毒性出血症病毒引起的一种急性、烈性、败血性和高度接触性传染病。本病发病突然 ,并在兔群中迅速传播 ,呈暴发性流行 ,常给养兔业带来严重的经济损失。1　病理变化病理变化以全身实质器官淤血、出血和水肿为主要特征。1 1　打开腹腔　胃内充满食糜 ,胃粘膜脱落 ,十二脂肠内有黄色胶样分泌物 ,幽门口和盲肠有出血点。肝脏明显肿大、淤血、出血 ,肝表面有淡黄色或灰白色条纹 (俗称“槟榔肝”) ,切面粗糙、质脆 ,有时在肝的边缘见有灰白色坏死灶。脾肿大呈青紫色 ,并有出血点。肾脏肿大、淤血 ,表面有大量针尖大的出血点。母兔子…     

Septicemic salmonellosis in a two-humped camel calf (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camelus bactrianus</Emphasis>)

A 1-week old, two-humped female camel (Camelus bactrianus) calf with continual whining, epiphora, anorexia, muscle twitching, and lateral recumbency was referred to a veterinary hospital. Although she died shortly after preliminary clinical examination, but necropsy was performed and tissue samples were taken for further microbiological and pathological examinations. On bacteriological investigation, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated. Histopathologically, lesions consisted of hyperemia and hemorrhage in all serosal and mucosal surfaces, gastroenteritis, and purulent ascites, associated with suppurative omphalitis. Acute nutmeg liver demonstrated centrilobular congestion and moderate fatty changes without any inflammatory cell infiltration. The abomasal and intestinal mucosa were hemorrhagic and erosive. The brain was hyperemic with severe fibrinopurulent meningoencephalitis. Except for dromedary camels and llamas, there has been no previous report of an acute, fatal septicemia in a two-humped camel calf due to S. typhimurium accompanied by S. agalactiae.     

Pathologic changes associated with induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction and nonstrangulating infarction in horses

Arteriovenous (ischemic strangulation obstruction, ISO) or venous (hemorrhagic strangulation obstruction, HSO) occlusions were created in the jejunum of 5 anesthetized horses and were left in situ for 1-, 2-, or 3-hour intervals. Segments were evaluated grossly for color, thickness, and motility. The horses were euthanatized, and the degree of mucosal slough, edema, congestion, and hemorrhage was determined histologically. Segments subjected to ISO became dark, but did not contain edema or hemorrhage. Segments subjected to HSO were characterized by progressive congestion, edema, and hemorrhage especially in the mucosal layer. Histologically, the mucosal epithelium was affected approximately equally by ISO or HSO, although more gross changes were evident in segments subjected to HSO.     

家兔暴发病毒性出血症的病理学诊断

对送检的9只家兔进行病理解剖,对心血、肝、脾及肠系膜淋巴结进行细菌分离培养,并选取心、肝、脾、肺等组织按常规病理制片进行病理组织学检查,应用免疫组化染色(ABC法)检测肝细胞内兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)抗原,结果证实此次家兔自然暴发的传染病即是兔病毒性出血症(RHD)。其临床主要表现为最急性型及急性型,病理变化特点以全身微循环障碍为主;DIC形成,以实质器官淤血、水肿、出血、变性、坏死为主要特点,其中以肝、肾、脾等器官病变较重,尤其肝脏的病变具有特征性。综合病理学检测结果,确定此次家兔暴发的是RHD。     

中国首例兔出血症病毒2型(RHDV2/b/GI.2)的鉴定及病理学观察

本试验旨在鉴定四川金堂某兔场疑似兔出血症病毒2型（RHDV2）感染疫情的病原,并分析病兔的病理组织学变化。利用血凝试验和RT-PCR检测病死兔内脏组织中的病原,取病变组织制作病理切片,观察分析各组织的病理组织学变化,同时应用病兔肝脏悬液感染幼兔,分析该毒株的致病力。血凝试验结果显示,所采集病死兔肝脏样品能凝集人"O"型血红细胞;RT-PCR扩增及测序结果显示,多对引物均能从样品中扩增出RHDV2特异性条带;病理组织学观察结果显示,病兔多脏器严重出血、肿胀,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞大量浸润,气管黏膜、肝脏、肺脏出血尤为严重;动物试验结果显示,该毒株毒力较强,含毒肝脏悬液能在24 h内迅速致死幼兔。本研究经临床诊断、核酸检测及测序证实了此次疫情确由RHDV2感染引起,动物试验和病理组织学观察表明该毒株毒力较强,可引发脏器严重出血,造成病兔急性死亡,RHDV2的出现提示病毒的跨境传播情况不容乐观,应引起更大的重视。     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.     

急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示,病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。     

兔病毒性出血症研究进展

兔病毒性出血症俗称"兔瘟",是由兔病毒性出血症病毒引起的一种急性,致死性传染病,对易感兔致病率可达90％,病死率可高达100％。文章对兔病毒性出血症的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制研究进展作了系统深入综述,并提出了存在的问题和展望。     

鸵鸟新城疫的病理形态学观察

通过病理剖检、病理组织学及电镜负染观察等方法对来自山东、河南等地的15只表现典型新城疫症状的发病鸵鸟的死亡原因进行系统研究分析。病理剖检可见发病鸵鸟全身广泛性出血,其中以消化道黏膜出血为主;病理组织学观察可见其病理特征以消化道黏膜出血,细胞变性、坏死、脱落为主,同时伴发心肌纤维和肾小管上皮细胞的颗粒变性,脾脏和肺脏充血、出血以及其头颈部的水肿,淋巴组织的坏死等病理变化。电镜负染观察可见圆形、椭圆形或纺锤形,直径200~500 nm,具有明显纤突的典型副黏病毒粒子。以上试验结果证实鸵鸟的死亡原因为新城疫病毒感染所致。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病预防与临床诊治

猪巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的,又叫猪肺疫或俗称“锁喉风”。其主要临床表现为呼吸困难、发热、咽喉炎、肺炎和出血性败血症。该病的死亡率较高,给我国养猪业带来巨大经济损失。文章主要对猪巴氏杆菌的病原、流行特点、病理变化、临床症状、诊断以及防治进行剖析,进而给出科学的治疗方法,对防控猪巴氏杆菌病提供参考。