鸵鸟新城疫并发大肠杆菌病的病理学观察

北京某鸵鸟场饲养４～６ 月龄鸵鸟１５０ 余只，１９９７ 年 １１ 月下旬有２０ 余只鸵鸟陆续先后发病，并相继死亡。临诊表现不吃、不喝、扭颈，口吐绿水，少数见背部脱毛，跗关节及腿部肿胀。经剖检观察，血清学检测，腺胃及脑组织作 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 试验并经细菌培养后确诊为新城疫并发大肠杆菌病。用鸡新城疫灭活苗紧急预防接种 １ｍ Ｌ／只，同时用氟哌酸拌料饲喂后，病情基本得到控制。现将病理变化特点介绍如下：剖检变化：共剖检５ 只鸵鸟。主要变化在消化道，表现腺胃扩张，胃底糜烂、溃疡；十二指肠、空肠粘膜弥漫出血如红布，轻者 肠道淋巴滤泡处呈斑点状出血。胰脏均色泽苍白，弥散小点坏死灶，个别见有出血点。肝郁血有的散在小点坏死灶。心室显著扩张，有的见心包积液，心外膜有点出血；肾郁血肿胀，或色淡如土黄色。有的腹腔积液，气囊混浊，腹腔内有干酪样凝块。脾脏郁血肿胀。脑水肿，跗关节及腿部肿胀者，剖开肿胀关节及腿部皮肤可见皮下积聚暗红色血水，不凝固。病理组织学观察所见：胃肠粘膜严重变性脱落，固有膜裸露出血，大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。肝脏严重的脂肪变性或小点状坏死（空化）。胰腺均见严重的变性，散在小点坏死，脾脏呈密布的血海样变化，鞘动脉增生，管壁呈透明     

817种鸡群非典型新城疫的综合诊断

通过对两个疑似患非典型新城疫的817肉鸡种鸡群进行了病理学、血清学及病原学综合检测。检测结果表明:两发病鸡群的均表现有呼吸道症状、消化道症状及产蛋性能下降等非典型新城疫的基本症状;重症病鸡的胃肠道及呼吸道黏膜出血性卡他性炎症,卵泡充血、出血,输卵管萎缩等剖检病变均符合新城疫的特征性剖检病变;镜检均见病毒性脑炎、淋巴组织坏死等证病意义的新城疫组织病变;发病后HI抗体显著升高,分离到新城疫病毒及免疫组织学检测新城疫阳性,综合诊断两患病鸡群为非典型新城疫。     

雏鹅人工感染沙门菌的病理组织学观察

为了研究沙门菌感染雏鹅的主要病理组织学变化。采取腹腔注射沙门菌人工感染7日龄健康雏鹅,对发病雏鹅进行病理剖检,并采取肺脏、肝脏、脾脏和肠道病料制作病理切片,光学显微镜下进行病理组织学观察。受感染雏鹅剖检病变可见皮下、心肌、肺脏、脾脏、肠道、脑膜等多处出血,肝脏坏死,胆囊、脾脏肿大;显微病理组织学变化为肝、脾、肺、肠道等器官出血、细胞变性、坏死,有炎性细胞浸润。结果表明,感染沙门菌雏鹅出现了广泛性的组织损伤,同时伴随着机体各器官明显的炎症反应。     

鸡肝炎-心包积液综合征的病理学诊断

2015年8月-11月对45例山东省近期流行的鸡肝炎-心包积液综合征剖检病变及组织病理学变化进行观察分析,并对肝组织进行透射电镜观察。剖检病变以心包积液、出血性坏死性肝炎、肺淤血水肿、肾变性肿胀、脾淤血肿胀、胰腺点状坏死及脑膜充血为特征。病理组织学观察主要表现为肝细胞灶状坏死并伴有核内嗜碱性或嗜酸性包涵体,心肌纤维变性,心间质充血、水肿及巨噬细胞浸润,胰腺上皮细胞变性、坏死,偶尔见核内嗜碱性包涵体,肾小管上皮细胞变性、间质淤血出血,肺淤血、水肿,免疫器官淋巴细胞坏死,肠黏膜发生出血性卡他性炎症。电镜观察肝细胞核内晶格状排列直径70nm左右的病毒粒子,本研究为该病的发病机制研究提供了试验基础。     

红腹角雉感染雉异刺线虫的盲肠病理学变化

对自然感染雉异刺线虫（heterakis isolonche）而死亡的红腹角雉进行剖检和病理组织学观察,结果发现病变主要在盲肠。可见盲肠肿大,浆膜面有结节,黏膜增厚,表面凹凸不平,散在有出血点和坏死灶;盲肠病理组织学变化主要为出血,固有层有大量单核细胞浸润,形成慢性弥漫性盲肠炎;黏膜下层坏死区出现胆固醇裂缝;新生的肉芽组织包围虫体形成包囊。     

雏鹅实验性硒中毒的病理组织学变化及组织中硒含量的测定

在基础日粮中添加0.5¹00 mg/kg亚硒酸钠,连续14 d饲喂雏鹅,观察硒中毒的临床表现、病理剖检变化和组织学变化,同时测定主要组织中硒的含量。结果表明,随着日粮中硒浓度的增加,雏鹅出现以采食减少、体重增重缓慢、呼吸困难甚至死亡的急、慢性中毒症状,以胃肠道出血及心、肝、脾、肾等器官变性、坏死及出血为主的病理剖检变化,以及以心、肝、脾、肾、胸肌等器官实质细胞变性、坏死及组织内充血、出血与炎性细胞浸润为特征的组织学变化。而组织中硒含量一般随着日粮硒浓度的增加而增加。     

绵羊杂色曲霉毒素中毒的诊断

2010年春季以来,在辽西部分养羊户中的断奶羔羊及育成羊群中出现不明原因的死亡现象,经抗生素等药物进行常规治疗无效,死亡率达12％.临床症状为可视黏膜及皮肤重度黄染并排血红蛋白尿,最后因肝肾功能衰竭死亡;病理剖检变化为肝、肾变性坏死及实质性器官出血性变化为主.通过流行病学调查,并对病死羊进行病理剖检及对饲料真菌毒素的检...     

猪腐败梭菌感染引起猝死病例的病理学观察

为了探究猪自然感染腐败梭菌后的病理组织学特征,试验采用病理剖检和病理组织学观察方法对2015年3月份黑龙江省某猪场爆发的猪腐败梭菌感染病例进行了研究。结果表明:病死猪全身皮肤发绀,血液呈紫黑色,凝固不良,心脏、肺脏、肝脏和肾脏淤血呈暗红色,有的表面有出血,质地变软,尤其是脾脏和肾脏软如泥状;病理组织学观察可见,肺脏、肾脏、心肌、脾脏等组织/器官变性坏死,其内有大量腐败梭菌,可见以中性粒细胞为主的炎细胞浸润。说明腐败梭菌主要引起猪各组织/器官发生变性坏死,从而导致临床感染猪猝死,病死亡率较高。     

一例非典型鸡新城疫的诊治措施

鸡新城疫是由新城疫病毒引起鸡的急性传染病。在非免疫或免疫失败鸡群,一旦感染新城疫病毒,可引起鸡群突然发病,迅速死亡,发病率和病死率都很高。临床可见呼吸困难、腹泻、神经紊乱等症状,剖检可见黏膜和浆膜出血,特别是腺胃乳头和贲门部出血为主要特征病变。由于新城疫疫苗的普遍使用,该病在很大程度上得到了控制,典型新城疫已较少见。但低发病率、低病死率、非典型症状和病变的新城疫却时有发生。现将尤溪县城关某养殖户饲     

人工感染兔支气管败血波氏杆菌的病理形态学观察

为研究兔支气管败血波氏杆菌致病机理及病理特征,对3月龄的家兔以1.5×1012cfu剂量滴鼻感染,观察家兔发病临床表现及死亡后病理变化。剖检并采集感染死亡后家兔各器官观察制作切片及组织学染色。结果显示家兔临床表现咳嗽、呼吸困难,窒息而死;死亡家兔剖检表现呼吸系统病变严重,主要为小叶性肺炎,气管黏膜充血和少量出血点;病理组织学表现为局部肺脏组织充出血及水肿,肺泡巨噬细胞显著增生,肺泡腔内充满浆液纤维素性渗出物和大量的嗜中性粒细胞,细支气管黏膜上皮脱落,周围可见淋巴细胞浸润。通过验证表明,败血波士杆菌主要引起肺脏病变,最终导致窒息死亡。     

小尾寒羊绵羊痘病例的诊断

旨在对甘肃某羊场小尾寒羊疑似绵羊痘进行确诊,并深入探讨其病理变化特点。对临诊疑似患绵羊痘的小尾寒羊进行了羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测和PCR检测确诊,并对6只病羊进行病理剖检、病理组织学和超微结构研究。结果如下：羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测显示6例病羊样品均为阳性;同时,对2例病羊样品进行PCR检测,均扩增出绵羊痘病毒（SPV）585 bp的目的基因片段,表明本次小尾寒羊所患疫病为绵羊痘。病理剖检显示,病羊皮肤无毛或少毛处充血,局部有红斑和坏死,尾部常有感染化脓形成溃疡;消化道黏膜,尤其舌和瘤胃黏膜有大小不等痘疹与坏死病灶,局部甚至形成糜烂或溃疡。肺膈叶以及肝、脾等常有痘疹和坏死病灶。病理组织学观察显示,肺痘疹病灶主要呈现渗出-增生结节和坏死-增生结节变化,病灶内血管、细支气管等周围常有大量绵羊痘细胞,胞质内有嗜酸性包涵体;病变消化道黏膜局部,上皮细胞程度不等增生、水泡变性,固有层及黏膜下层充血、水肿,有大量绵羊痘细胞,其细胞质内包涵体明显。肝、脾、肾也有程度不等坏死-增生结节变化。肺超微结构观察显示,肺泡上皮细胞肿大,细胞核浓缩、染色质聚集,线粒体程度不等肿胀、嵴断裂、空泡化,可见细胞质内包涵体。研究证明,除局部皮肤病变外,消化道黏膜和肺等实质器官的痘疹病变是患绵羊痘小尾寒羊具代表性的病理变化,尤其痘疹病灶中大量绵羊痘细胞的出现具有证病性意义。     

斑点叉尾(鱼回)疑似疱疹病毒感染的病理形态学观察

对四川省一些养殖场斑点又尾鮰大规模死亡的病鱼组织进行了光镜和电镜观察．在其肾和肝组织的细胞中发现一种圆形或椭圆形病毒颗粒，有囊膜的病毒颗粒存在于胞浆中，直径150～200nm．无囊膜的病毒颗粒既存在于胞浆中，也存在于胞棱中，直径为80～110nm，同时在细胞核内可见无病毒核心的空衣壳，根据其形态特征初步确定为一种疱疹病毒。病鱼主要表现为鳍条基部和皮肤（特别是腹部和尾柄）充血、出血，腹部膨大，眼球突出．鳃发白．腹腔内充有淡黄色或淡红色的腹水，胃肠道扩张，其内充满大量淡黄色的粘液，肝、脾和肾肿大。病理组织学变化主要为全身组织器官广泛性水肿、出血、变性、坏死和炎症细胞浸润，特别是肾、肝、胃肠道、脾和脑的损伤较为严重。肾间质水肿，造血组织坏死，巨噬细胞和中性拉细胞浸润．肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性和坏死；肝水肿，狄氏间隙增宽．肝细胞空泡变性及坏死；胃肠道粘膜上皮变性，坏死．脱落，固有膜，粘膜下层水肿，淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和中性枉细胞浸润；脾淤血．出血．淋巴细胞减少，大量巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞浸润；脑水肿，神经细胞肿胀．甚至坏死固缩。超微结构上．被病毒感染的细胞发生明显的痛变，线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂．溶解，粗面内质网扩张，核糖体颗粒脱落．细胞核体积增大，染色质浓缩．边集。     

Pathogenesis of digestive tract lesions in duck plague.

White Pekin ducklings were inoculated orally with duck plague virus. Tissues from the digestive tract were collected daily after inoculation and examined by light, electron and fluorescent microscopy. There were necrosis and degeneration of stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus and cloaca, epithelium of intestinal crypt and esophageal submucosal glands, macrophages in the lamina propria, and submucosal fibrocytes and lymphocytes. Submucosal hemorrhages occurred after degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrocytes and epithelial cells. Viral antigens were detected in all these cells by use of fluorescein-labeled antibodies. With the electron microscope, nucleocapsids were seen in the nuclei, budding through the inner nuclear membrane; enveloped virions were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles of macrophages, epithelial cells and fibrocytes. In lymphocytes, nucleocapsids were also in the nuclei, but karyorrhexis and cytolysis occurred before viral maturation was completed.     

鸭坦布苏病毒自然感染病例的诊断与病理学观察

为探究鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)在贵州省鸭群的流行,对疑似DTMUV感染肉种鸭进行剖检,观察发病鸭内脏器官病变。取病鸭内脏组织进行RT-PCR检测确诊为DTMUV感染,将病料处理后接种BHK-21细胞,进行RT-PCR鉴定和透射电镜观察,确定分离到DTMUV,并将病料组织制作病理切片。结果显示,接种BHK-21出现明显CPE,电镜观察见病毒颗粒。将分离毒株的E基因经PCR扩增后测序,分析E基因氨基酸序列的同源性,发现所分离毒株与中国北京鸭源参考株同源性最高达99.39%,而与我国早期分离参考株(FX2010)同源性较低,将病料制作切片并进行HE染色,可见脑组织非化脓性脑炎,脾脏淋巴细胞减少,肝细胞变性坏死。本研究成功在贵州省分离到一株DTMUV,对其遗传进化进行分析,为探究贵州省养鸭地区DTMUV的感染和致病提供参考。     

鸭副粘病毒人工感染鸭的病理组织学研究

为研究鸭副粘病毒致病机理及病理组织变化。本研究将20日龄非免疫健康建湖麻鸭60羽,随机均分为试验组和对照组。试验组鸭皮下接种1:5稀释的鸭副粘病毒WF00D株SPF鸡胚绒尿液0.5mL/羽,对照组鸭皮下注射等量灭菌生理盐水,并分别置于25℃隔离环境下饲养与观察。于接种后第4d、8d、12d、16d和第20d,两组均随机取4羽鸭进行剖检,观察各器官的大体病变,同时,观察病理组织学变化。结果显示:试验组鸭除个体发育呈明显差异外,内脏器官在观察期间均有较轻微的炎性水肿或出血;病理组织学变化主要为器官充血或出血、炎性细胞浸润、细胞颗粒变性;超微病理学变化主要为细胞器变性,胞浆局灶性坏死、线粒体空泡化、粗面内质网脱颗粒。研究表明其病理演变过程具有一定的规律性。本研究为鸭副粘病毒流行规律的探究及致病机理的深入研究提供了依据。     

Exotic Newcastle disease in a game chicken flock.

A sudden increase in mortality, preceded by a short history of respiratory signs and diarrhea, occurred in a backyard flock of 48 game chickens in the Central Valley of California. Necropsy findings included severe generalized linear hemorrhages and/or ulcers in the digestive tract, larynx, and trachea. Histology revealed severe multifocal hemorrhages and necrosis in the mucosa of the respiratory and digestive tracts, vasculitis, and necrosis of lymphoid tissue. The birds were serologically negative to Newcastle disease virus; this was consistent with an acute infection. The avian paramyxovirus type 1 isolated was characterized as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. A thorough epidemiologic investigation was carried out, and no other premises were found to have birds with clinical signs or evidence of exposure. The entire outbreak was limited to the original backyard flock and resolved within 14 days of the onset of clinical signs.     

Gastrin and somatostatin enteroendocrine cells in the small intestines of ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) during pre -and post-hatching period

Studies on localization and distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are important for better understanding of their role in the ontogenetic development of intestines. Information about the distribution of the most important endocrine cells in the digestive tract of the ostrich is very limited; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrin and somatostatin EECs in the small intestine of the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks at different ages. Six embryos along with 42 ostriches of both sexes from hatching up to 60 days post-hatching, including six embryos, were obtained from an ostrich farm in Latvia. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were investigated using routine histology and immunohistochemistry methods. Gastrin and somatostatin EECs were examined in 10 microscopic fields of the intestinal mucosa in each tissue sample. The cells were detected in all age groups as well as the embryos. The number of both types of EEC in the mucosa of the ileum was significantly lower (p < .01–.05) than in the duodenum. The present study suggested that the EEC may have a role in the development of the mucosa of the intestinal tract of ostriches with possible involvement in the development of the digestive functions.     

Experimental bluetongue virus infection of sheep; effect of vaccination: pathologic, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural studies

Ten sheep were inoculated with bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17. Six of the sheep had been vaccinated before challenge exposure, 4 sheep served as nonvaccinated challenge-exposed controls, and 2 additional sheep served as nonvaccinated, nonchallenge-exposed, contact controls. Biopsy specimens (oral labial mucosa and skin) were obtained periodically after challenge exposure. Sheep were killed 8 to 13 days after challenge exposure, and necropsy was done. Vaccination did not seem to affect the nature or severity of the lesions observed. The changes in the mucosa of the cranial portion of the digestive tract included hyperemia, edema, inflammation, petechiae, erosions, ulcers, and surface encrustations. Lesions of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles included hemorrhage, edema, myofiber degeneration, and necrosis. Lesions in cardiac muscles were sometimes widespread, indicating that cardiac failure may have been the major contributor to pulmonary congestion, edema, and eventual death during acute BTV infection. Damage to esophageal musculature resulted in vomiting. Hemorrhage was observed within the base of the pulmonary artery of all challenge-exposed sheep. Using immunofluorescence, bluetongue viral antigens were detected in small blood vessels of the skin, oral labial mucosa, tongue, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, urinary bladder, and pulmonary artery and in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Viral antigens were present in tissues obtained 3 to 11 days after inoculation. Ultrastructurally, changes in small-caliber blood vessels included congestion, hemorrhage, swollen degenerated endothelial cells, and occasional fibrin-platelet thrombi. Tubular structures and virus-like particles were observed within some of these endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Histology and Mucin Histochemistry of The Digestive Tract of Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

The histology and characteristics of mucins secreted by epithelial mucous cells of the digestive tract in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The digestive tract was divided into a pharynx, oesophagus, U-shaped stomach (with a cardiac, fundic and pyloric part) and intestine, composed of anterior intestine, middle intestine and posterior intestine, which consisted of a mucosa (epithelial layer), lamina propria-submucosa, muscularis and serosa. A large number of isolated longitudinal striated muscular bundles were present in the lamina propria-submucosa of pharynx. Goblet cells were observed throughout the digestive tract, except in the stomach. In the cardiac and fundic stomach, a plenty of gastric glands were observed, whereas they were absent in the pyloric part. Numerous mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the columnar epithelial cells of the intestine, especially of the anterior part. The epithelial mucous cells contained neutral or other two mixtures of acid and neutral mucins, the first being the most common. The neutral mucin was the only type of mucins in the stomach, anterior intestine and middle intestine. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the digestive physiology and diagnosing some gastrointestinal diseases in yellow catfish.     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。