6月龄波尔山羊与麻城黑山羊血液指标、屠宰性能差异研究

【目的】 研究6月龄波尔山羊与麻城黑山羊的血液生理生化指标、胴体性状、肌纤维直径、肌内脂肪含量的差异情况,以期为2个品种山羊的饲养管理、引种改良及杂交利用提供参考依据。【方法】 分别选取8只3月龄±5 d、健康的波尔山羊与麻城黑山羊在统一条件下饲养3个月,饲养结束采集血液测定白细胞数(WBC)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)等14项血液生理指标及肌酐(CRE)、总胆红素(TBIL)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)等14项血液生化指标;测定体重、体高、体斜长、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积等12项胴体性状;屠宰后取背最长肌肌肉组织,切片后经苏木素伊红和改良油红O染色,分别检测肌纤维直径和肌内脂肪含量。【结果】 血液生理指标中,波尔山羊的红细胞比容、平均红细胞体积均显著低于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05),平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05),其余指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);血液生化指标中,波尔山羊的总蛋白、球蛋白、血磷含量与淀粉酶活性均极显著低于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01),钾离子含量极显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01),其余指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);胴体性状中,波尔山羊的体重、平均日增重、背最长肌重、股二头肌重和胴体重均显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05),眼肌面积极显著大于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01),其余指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);波尔山羊的肌纤维直径极显著大于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01),肌内脂肪含量显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05)。【结论】 波尔山羊与麻城黑山羊血液指标、屠宰性能均存在较大的差异,结果可为研究波尔山羊与麻城黑山羊的种质特征提供理论依据。     

不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊生理生化指标比较

为了比较不同海拔高度白萨福克羊的生理生化指标,试验以高海拔(四川红原)和低海拔(四川新津)饲养的白萨福克羊为研究对象,测定了生理指标和血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1)不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊体温在公母间均差异不显著(P0.05),低海拔地区的呼吸和心率高于高海拔地区;2)白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均容量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度和红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数等指标在不同海拔地区的公母羊间差异较小,红细胞数和红细胞比容等指标高海拔地区公母羊极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),高海拔地区公母羊血小板数极显著低于低海拔地区(P0.01);3)谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖和总胆固醇等指标在不同海拔地区公母羊间差异不显著(P0.05),高海拔地区公母羊总蛋白、球蛋白和胆碱酯酶等指标极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),低海拔地区公母羊总钙和碱性磷酸酶等指标极显著高于高海拔地区(P0.01)。     

运输密度对沂蒙黑山羊生理生化指标的影响

为了研究运输密度对沂蒙黑山羊应激程度的影响,试验采用低密度(105 kg/m2)、中密度(147 kg/m2)、高密度(208 kg/m2)3种方式运输沂蒙黑山羊,测定分析其血液常规指标和生化指标的变化。结果表明:随着运输密度的增加,高密度山羊白细胞数(WBC)显著高于低密度组山羊(P0.05),而平均红细胞容积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCHC)浓度、红细胞数(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)含量则显著低于低密度组山羊(P0.05);血小板数(PLT)也有不同程度的下降,但差异不显著(P0.05);高密度组山羊乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、肌酸激酶(CK)活性、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质醇含量均极显著高于低密度组山羊(P0.01),乳酸含量也显著变化(P0.05),而血糖含量变化不显著(P0.05);沂蒙黑山羊的性别对血液常规指标和生化指标的影响不显著(P0.05)。说明采用中等运输密度运输沂蒙黑山羊可最大程度地减少应激。     

引入河南地区白萨福克羊和白杜泊羊季节性血液生理生化指标分析

为了解引入河南省内白杜泊羊和白萨福克羊两个绵羊品种的生理机能特性及其在当地的适应性,利用全自动血液生理生化分析仪,分别测定了冬季和春季两个绵羊品种的12项血液生理指标和13项血液生化指标,并对不同季节两品种绵羊组内和组间血液生理生化的各项指标进行了对比分析。结果表明:冬季两绵羊品种血红蛋白含量均高于春季,且杜泊羊血红蛋白含量均高于萨福克羊,同品种公母羊之间差异不显著(P0.05);春季杜泊羊与萨福克羊血红蛋白含量存在显著差异(P0.05)。冬季两品种绵羊红细胞总数均低于春季,且两个季节杜泊羊红细胞总数均低于萨福克羊,但差异不显著(P0.05)。两品种绵羊冬季血糖含量均高于春季,杜泊羊血糖含量在不同季节内均高于萨福克羊,但差异不显著(P0.05)。两品种绵羊总胆红素、淀粉酶和血清谷丙转氨酶不同季节间差异均极显著(P0.01)。冬季绵羊血液磷含量高于春季,杜泊羊钠离子浓度低于萨福克羊,且差异显著(P0.05)。其余各项指标不同季节种间基本无差异。与河南地方绵羊品种及国内其他绵羊品种血液生理生化指标比较,均存在一定差异。     

黄芩苷对脂多糖诱导后仔猪生理机能的影响

为了研究黄芩苷对脂多糖(LPS)诱导后仔猪临床症状及血液学指标的影响,试验选取36头健康仔猪,分为空白对照组、LPS模型组、氟尼辛葡甲胺组、黄芩苷低剂量(25 mg/kg)组、黄芩苷中剂量(50 mg/kg)组和黄芩苷高剂量(100 mg/kg)组。各组猪在注射LPS前0.5 h给药,黄芩苷各剂量组及模型组猪按体重0.1 mg/kg腹腔注射LPS,空白对照组猪注射等量生理盐水,LPS诱导6 h后再给药1次。于注射LPS 3 h后测量各组猪的体温,并统计呕吐、颤抖、嗜睡猪的头数;于注射LPS后第3,24小时对各组猪采血,检测血常规指标和血液生化指标。结果表明:LPS诱导后第3小时,LPS模型组猪出现体温升高、颤抖、呕吐和嗜睡等临床症状,黄芪苷各剂量组猪的体温较LPS模型组均显著降低(P0.05),猪的呕吐和嗜睡症状减轻;LPS诱导后第3小时,与空白对照组比,LPS模型组白细胞数和血小板总数均极显著降低(P0.01);与LPS模型组比,黄芩苷中剂量组白细胞数极显著升高(P0.01)。LPS诱导后第24小时,与空白对照组比,LPS模型组白细胞数极显著升高(P0.01),血小板总数极显著降低(P0.01);与LPS模型组比,黄芩苷中剂量组血小板总数显著升高(P0.05)。LPS诱导后第3小时,与空白对照组比,LPS模型组总胆红素、肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白和血糖含量出现显著或极显著变化(P0.05或P0.01);与LPS模型组比,黄芩苷中剂量组肌酐含量显著降低(P0.05);LPS诱导后第24小时,与空白对照组比,LPS模型组总胆红素含量、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性、肌酐和血糖含量出现显著或极显著变化(P0.05或P0.01)。与LPS模型组比,黄芩苷低剂量组和中剂量组能极显著(P0.01)和显著(P0.05)降低总胆红素含量。说明50 mg/kg黄芩苷肌肉注射给药可以有效缓解LPS刺激导致的仔猪体温升高、白细胞数异常变化、血小板总数降低及肝脏和肾脏功能的损伤。     

盐津乌骨鸡血液生理生化指标的测定

为从生理生化特性方面研究盐津乌骨鸡的种质特征,以随机选取的100只成年盐津乌骨鸡(公母各半)为研究对象,对其血液生理生化指标进行测定。结果表明,1血液生理指标:公鸡血红蛋白、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板数目及血小板分布宽度极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),且公鸡白细胞数目、红细胞数目及血小板压积显著高于母鸡(P0.05);而公鸡平均血小板体积极显著低于母鸡(P0.01);2血液生化指标:公鸡的血糖和尿酸含量极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),尿素含量显著高于母鸡(P0.05);甘油三酯、胆固醇、白蛋白、总蛋白和碱性磷酸酶含量均极显著低于母鸡(P0.01),球蛋白的含量显著低于母鸡(P0.05)。     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准的研究

试验选择临床表现血瘀症状的产后病牛进行生化和血液流变学指标检测.结果:与健康奶牛产后8～10 h相应值比较,病牛血清WOD活性、血糖、血浆总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著降低(P《0.05),淀粉酶活性、白蛋白和血红蛋白含量差异不显著(P》0.05);全血比粘度、还原全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数及血浆纤维蛋白原含量显著升高(P《0.005 或0.01),全血凝固时间显著缩短(P《0.05),而红细胞压积无明显变化 (P》0.05),临床症状与生化、血液流变学主要指标变化基本相符,据此初步提出了奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准.     

复合酶制剂青贮菌草对海南黑山羊生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

为研究复合酶制剂青贮菌草对海南黑山羊生产性能及血清生化指标的影响,选取海南黑山羊36只,随机分为2组,分别饲喂新鲜菌草(对照组)和400 g/t复合酶制剂青贮菌草(试验组)。试验为期45 d。结果表明:(1)试验组日增重比对照组提高15.54%(P0.05),而采食量和料重比分别降低14.17%(P0.05)和25.67%(P0.05)。(2)与对照比相比,试验组毛利润增加29.08%(P0.05),而饲料增重成本降低27.74%(P0.05)。(3)试验组血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和葡萄糖含量有所升高(P0.05),而尿素氮水平有所下降(P0.05)。综合认为,复合酶制剂青贮菌草可使海南黑山羊获得较好生产性能。     

复方中药对肉鸡腹水综合征肺组织NO、ET-1的作用及机制

为研究腹水综合征(AS)肉鸡肺组织NO、ET-1及相关指标变化和复方中药对其的防治作用,将316羽14日龄罗斯肉鸡随机分为空白组(N组,常温,常规饲养)、模型组(C组,9~11℃,添加3%猪油和4%鱼粉的高能饲料,0.12%Na+饮水饲养)和复方中药高(T1)、中(T2)、低(T3)剂量组(饲养同C组,每天于饮水中分别给予2、1、0.5mL·kg-1复方中药)以及L-Arg组(L组,饲养同C组,每天于饲料中添加1%L-Arg)。结果表明:与N组相比,35和45日龄C组肉鸡出现典型临床症状,腹水发病率、腹水心脏指数和肺组织NO及ET-1含量、iNOS活性、ETAR mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P0.01或P0.05),肺组织cNOS活性和NO/ET-1显著降低(P0.01);与C组相比,T1、T2和L组均能改善临床症状及上述指标(P0.01或P0.05)。肉鸡肺组织NO及ET-1含量、ETAR mRNA相对表达量和iNOS活性升高,cNOS活性降低,导致NO、ET-1失衡,参与了AS的发生;气血双补、行气利水的复方中药能有效防治AS。     

绵羊肺炎支原体感染羊细胞因子的动态变化

为检测绵羊在感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)前后细胞因子的含量变化情况,将6只巴什拜羊和6只盘羊杂交羊人工感染MO,在感染前后分别采集静脉血,分离血清,用ELISA方法检测IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10及IFN-γ含量。结果显示:两组羊在感染后IL-1β浓度均升高,第21天巴什拜羊的IL-1β含量降低,且显著低于杂交羊(P0.05);感染后两组的TNF-α含量逐渐升高,第14~21天巴什拜羊TNF-α含量开始下降,且第14天显著低于杂交羊(P0.05),第21天极显著低于杂交羊(P0.01);感染后第14和21天,巴什拜羊的IL-8含量开始下降,而杂交羊则继续升高,且杂交羊IL-8含量均极显著高于巴什拜羊(P0.01);两组羊的IL-10含量在第5天达到最高,且杂交羊极显著高于巴什拜羊(P0.01),而第14和21天巴什拜羊显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)高于杂交羊;感染后两组羊的IFN-γ含量逐渐升高,第14~21天,巴什拜羊的IFN-γ含量开始下降,而杂交羊则继续升高,第14和21天巴什拜羊显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)低于杂交羊。结果提示:绵羊感染MO前后细胞因子变化明显,巴什拜羊和杂交羊细胞因子变化也有差异,这对研究支原体肺炎发病机理及免疫治疗有指导意义。     

油菜秆颗粒料对湖羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血液生化指标的影响

本试验探索了油菜秆颗粒料对湖羊生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数及血液生化指标的影响。试验选取30只6月龄体重为(32.33±1.65) kg的健康公湖羊,按体重配对设计分为2组,对照组和试验组分别饲喂花生藤颗粒饲料和油菜秆颗粒饲料,试验期52 d。测定了日增重、饲料转化效率、瘤胃发酵参数、饲料表观消化率及血液生化指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组湖羊的干物质采食量(1.37 kg对1.47 kg)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),日增重基本一致(147 g对143 g);试验组瘤胃液中总VFA(102.27 mmol/L对90.44 mmol/L)(P<0.05)、丙酸(17.08 mmol/L对13.79 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、丁酸(11.97 mmol/L对10.31 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、氨态氮浓度(15.90 mg/dL对11.33 mg/dL)(P<0.01)的含量显著升高,乙丙比(P<0.01)(3.96对4.33)显著降低;中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率有升高的趋势(54.75%对51.50%)(P=0.09);血液中葡萄糖浓度显著升高(3.77 mmol/L对2.97 mmol/L)(P<0.05),尿素氮浓度(11.01 mmol/L对12.80 mmol/L)(P<0.01)、游离脂肪酸(133.07 umol/L对144.50 umol/L)(P<0.05)、谷丙转氨酶(14.85 U/L对19.23 U/L)(P<0.05)和高密度脂蛋白(0.92 mmol/L对1.05 mmol/L)(P<0.05)浓度显著降低;每kg增重饲料成本试验组比对照组降低了5.87元。结果表明,以油菜秆为主的颗粒料饲喂生长湖羊,对其健康无不良影响,可降低饲料成本,增加养殖效益,是丰富南方地区湖羊粗饲料来源、减少区域油菜秆污染的可行途径。     

Efficacy of ivermectin delivered via a controlled-release capsule against small lungworms (Protostrongylidae) in sheep

To evaluate the efficacy of an ivermectin controlled-release capsule (CRC), which delivers 1.6 mg ivermectin per day intraruminally for 100 days to sheep weighing 40-80 kg (IVOMEC Maximizer CR Capsule for adult sheep, Merial), against small lungworms two studies with 48 naturally infected adult female Merino Landrace sheep were conducted. The sheep were allocated by restricted randomization based on bodyweight to untreated controls or received an ivermectin CRC. Eight sheep per group were necropsied 35, 70 or 105 days post-treatment. Lungworms were recovered by dissection or peptic digestion of the lungs. Baermann/Wetzel technique was used for faecal lungworm larval counts at weekly intervals. The efficacy of treatment was 100% against Dictyocaulus filaria and Protostrongylus rufescens (P < 0.05) at each necropsy day. The efficacy against Protostrongylus brevispiculum, Cystocaulus ocreatus and Neostrongylus linearis increased from 35 to 105 days after administration of the CRC and was found to be 100% (P < 0.01), 96.6% (P < 0.01) or 99% (P < 0.01), respectively, at 105 days post-treatment. The reductions of Muellerius capillaris counts varied and were 96.2% (P < 0.05) at 70 days post-treatment and 44.6% (P > 0.1) at 105 days post-treatment. Faecal lungworm larvae disappeared nearly completely from at least 3 weeks after the ivermectin CRC administration for all protostrongylid species including M. capillaris so that pasture infectivity will be subsequently significantly reduced.     

Equine pulmonary and systemic haemodynamic responses to endothelin-1 and a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist

Based on previous in vitro studies, we hypothesised that endothelin (ET) would induce vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circululation of the horse and that this action would be mediated via ET(A) receptors. Pulmonary and systemic haemodynamic responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive endogenous peptide, were investigated in 6 conscious, nonsedated horses at rest. Bolus i.v. injections of exogenous ET-1 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 microg/kg bwt) caused significant increases in pulmonary (PAP) and carotid (CAP) artery pressures, with peak increases of 79% and 51% for mean PAP and CAP, respectively. The effect of ET-1 on PAP and CAP was rapid and transient for PAP (-10 min) but prolonged for CAP (up to 60 min). ET-1 significantly decreased cardiac output by up to 35% and significantly increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by up to 104%. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) showed a trend (P>0.05) to increase with 0.2 and 0.4 microg/kg bwt ET-1. Infusion of a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist (TBC11251) completely inhibited the responses to a subsequent bolus of 0.2 microg/kg bwt ET-1. We conclude that exogenous ET-1 exerts a potent vasoconstrictive action on the pulmonary and systemic circulations of the horse. These effects appear to be mediated largely through ET(A) receptors in both circulations. Endothelin may play a role in hypertensive conditions in the horse.     

复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响

为研究饲料中添加复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响,选取年龄、体重、产奶量及泌乳期相近(135±15) d的荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为4组,每个处理6个重复,对照组和3个试验组的复合酵母培养物添加量分别为精料浓度的0,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,随精料饲喂,测定产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,结果表明,1)试验2组日均产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组分别比对照组提高8.48%,10.05%,8.97%。2)复合酵母培养物能显著提高乳脂和乳蛋白率(P<0.05),显著降低牛奶体细胞数(P<0.05),以试验2组最低。3)在氮排放量上,试验2组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组比对照组分别降低8.47%,12.01%,9.36%。4)在血液生化指标方面,复合酵母培养物能提高血清中总蛋白、球蛋白、血糖、胰岛素水平(P<0.05),降低尿素氮水平(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,综合考虑产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,复合酵母培养物的最佳添加量为精料浓度的1.0%。     

湖羊在西北寒旱地区行为学和生理指标的观测

为了研究西北寒冷干旱气候条件下湖羊的行为和生理指标变化,进而为西北地区湖羊引种提供数据支持和理论依据,本试验选用12只(公、母各半)舍饲周岁湖羊,通过近红外摄像技术研究了不同季节(A因子,A₁夏季,A₂冬季)、性别(B因子,B₁♂,B₂♀)和不同时段(C因子,C₁昼,C₂夜)条件下湖羊的采食、饮水、反刍、卧息等行为。结果表明,季节因子(A因子)对湖羊采食、卧息、反刍等行为均有极显著影响(P<0.01);性别因子(B因子)仅对湖羊采食和卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05);昼夜因子(C因子)对湖羊的卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对其采食和反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。季节和性别的交互作用对湖羊采食行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其余因子间交互作用对湖羊行为学无显著影响。试验羊体温、心跳、呼吸频率和血常规等生理指标均在正常范围内。以上结果说明湖羊在当地表现出了良好的适应性,在西北地区引种湖羊可行。     

Tannic acid intoxication in sheep and mice

Acute tannic acid intoxication was studied in mice and sheep. In mice, following oral administration of 2.0 to 4.6 g of tannic acid kg-1 bodyweight, periacinar coagulative and haemorrhagic necrosis occurred in the liver. In sheep, following oral (8 g kg-1 bodyweight) administration of tannic acid, liver necrosis was not observed either histologically or detected biochemically, although transmission electron microscopy showed focal hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis and acicular crystal cleft formation. In sheep given tannic acid intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg-1 bodyweight), liver necrosis occurred and plasma sodium and glucose levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while packed cell volume and plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and bilirubin significantly (P < 0.01) rose. The results for blood-gas and acid-base determinations, blood haemoglobin and oxygenation showed significant increases in arterial blood methaemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) and decreases in blood pH (P < 0.01) and oxyhaemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) in sheep by 32 hours after oral dosing with 8 g of tannic acid kg-1 bodyweight. In sheep given tannic acid intraperitoneally, methaemoglobinaemia was not detected, but metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis occurred. Thus, it would appear that although tannic acid is hepatotoxic when given orally to mice or intraperitoneally to sheep, it does not produce renal or significant hepatic injury in sheep when given orally, but rather causes metabolic acidosis and methaemoglobinaemia.     

猪圆环病毒2型诱导小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型的建立

试验旨在建立猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）诱导的小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型。筛选PCV2感染剂量及感染时间,采用腹腔注射、滴鼻和灌胃3种途径联合方式于第1、2、3 天或第1、3、5、7天给予昆明系小鼠感染PCV2病毒原液或10^－1 PCV2病毒液,分别于感染后7、14、21 d剖杀小鼠,测定活性氧（ROS）、总谷胱甘肽（T-GSH）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平及黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性,探讨PCV2感染时间与活性氧水平变化的关系,建立免疫细胞氧化胁迫动物模型。结果显示,第1、2、3天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,为后续试验感染最佳方案。PCV2感染小鼠3个时间点细胞内ROS水平较空白对照组均极显著升高（P < 0.01）,感染后7、14 d GSH水平显著降低（P < 0.05）;感染后7 d GSSG水平极显著高于空白对照组（P < 0.01）;感染后7 d T-GSH水平显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.05）,感染后14 d T-GSH水平极显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.01）。感染后7 d脾脏XOD、MPO、iNOS活性与空白对照组相比均存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。结果表明,PCV2成功感染小鼠,试验感染方案为第1、2、3 天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,且用PCV2病毒原液感染7 d是建立小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型的最佳条件。     

An experimental study of hemolysis induced by onion (Allium cepa) poisoning in dogs

The mechanism of hemolysis induced by onion poisoning in dogs was studied. Six adult, clinically normal Pekingese dogs were fed cooked onions at 30 g/kg body weight/day for 2 days. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 18 and 24 after onion administration, and urine was collected the day after bleeding. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased from day 1, and significantly so on day 5 (P < 0.01), contrary to the results of white blood cell counts. So the plasma bilirubin levels and urobilinogen were increased on day 3 (P < 0.01) and day 4 (P < 0.01), respectively. The Heinz body counts were increased dramatically from day 1 (P < 0.01), peaking on day 3 (P < 0.01). Reticulocyte counts were increased from day 1 and the highest value was on day 8 (P < 0.01). Besides anemia, the following erythrocyte parameters were altered: erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was reduced from day 1 and reached the lowest value on day 5 (P < 0.01); the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was decreased on day 1 (P < 0.01); reduced glutathione was decreased from day 1 (P < 0.01) and the lowest value was on day 3 (P < 0.01); glutathione-peroxidase was increased on day 1, but decreased significantly on day 3 (P < 0.01); hydrogen peroxide was increased on day 1 (P < 0.01), then went down on days 3-12 (the undermost value on day 5, P < 0.01); catalase was risen dramatically on day 5 (the peak value, P < 0.01); malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased on days 1-8, (P < 0.01), and reached the peak value on day 5 (P < 0.01). Deformity of the erythrocyte membrane was decreased on days 1-12 and fluorescence polarization (rho) and microviscosity (eta) of the erythrocyte membrane were increased on days 1-12 (P < 0.01). There were positive correlations between MDA and rho as well as eta, with correlation coefficients of 0.908 and 0.922, respectively (P < 0.01), but there was a negative correlation between MDA and deformity index, with a correlation coefficient of -0.887 (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that onion poisoning in dogs causes hemolytic anemia.     

Intrauterine infusion of BQ-610, an endothelin type A receptor antagonist, delays luteolysis in dairy heifers

Three separate in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the putative role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) during luteal regression in heifers. In Experiment 1, a single intraluteal injection of 500 μg BQ-610 [(N,N-hexamethylene) carbamoyl-Leu-d-Trp (CHO)-d-Trp], a highly specific endothelin A (ET_A) receptor antagonist, did not diminish the decline in plasma progesterone following a single exogenous injection of 25 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF₂) administered at midcycle of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 2, six intrauterine infusions of 500 μg BQ-610 given every 12 h on days 16–18 delayed spontaneous luteolysis, as evidenced by an extended elevation (P = 0.054) of plasma progesterone concentration. In Experiment 3, heifers were administered six intrauterine infusions of BQ-610 or saline on days 16–19, and peripheral blood samples were collected from day 11 to 16 (before infusion), hourly on days 16–19 (during infusion), and on days 20–25 (after infusion). BQ-610 treated heifers had markedly higher (P < 0.0001) levels of plasma progesterone compared with saline controls, and this effect was most notable during the infusion period (treatment by period interaction; P ≤ 0.05). Heifers infused with BQ-610 also had higher progesterone levels on day 21 (treatment by time interaction; P ≤ 0.05). Mean plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF₂ (PGFM), the primary metabolite of PGF₂, were measured in the samples collected hourly and were not different (P ≥ 0.05) between treatments. These results indicate that the in vivo antagonism of the ET_A receptor can delay functional luteolysis, and supports the theory that ET-1 regulates luteal function in ruminants.