初论南方河滩草地资源的开发利用——以嘉陵江中游为例

为了更好地利用南方草地资源,对四川嘉陵江中游河滩草地面积和江陵坝草地资源进行调查,发现该地区河滩草地资源丰富,但生产力和利用率比较低;通过比较本地区人工草地和天然草地的生产能力,说明本地区河滩草地具有较大的开发潜力;论述了该地区开发河滩草地,发展集约化草地畜牧业的优越性。     

对平陆县草地资源的思考

平陆县的草地资源由于退耕还林、矿山开采、风力发电等工程的实施不断减少,为了保护开发利用好草地资源,根据平陆草地资源的现状,提出了保护开发草地资源的措施,和大家共同商榷。     

鄱阳湖和洞庭湖地区草地资源及季节性畜牧业模式研究

对鄱阳湖和洞庭湖地区草地资源的数量、质量、利用特点和开发潜力等进行了分析，对以开发草地资源、发展草地畜牧业作为该地区退田还潮后替代产业的可能性进行了探讨，并在此基础上推荐了几种利用湖洲草地进行季节性草地畜牧业生产的模式方案，进而提出了发展替代性草地畜牧业的政策性建议。     

鄱阳湖和洞庭湖地区草地资源及季节性畜牧业模式研究

对鄱阳湖和洞庭湖地区草地资源的数量、质量、利用特点和开发潜力等进行了分析,对以开发草地资源、发展草地畜牧业作为该地区退田还湖后替代产业的可能性进行了探讨,并在此基础上推荐了几种利用湖洲草地进行季节性草地畜牧业生产的模式方案,进而提出了发展替代性草地畜牧业的政策性建议.     

贵州地区草地资源可持续发展战略初探

论述了贵州地区草地资源可持续发展现状、贵州草地资源的分布及类型、贵州草地资源利用存在的主要问题,指出贵州地区草地资源可持续发展战略路径:高度重视草地资源的保护与利用,建设高效的人工草地和改良草地;加强草地科学技术研究与开发,宣传草原保护相关法规,提高草地建设保护"人人有责"的科学意识;加快农闲田、冬闲田种草,建立新型草田轮作制度;建议相关部门给予政策支持与补偿,提供平等的发展环境,给予更多的发展机会,促进发展能力的提高。以期为贵州省草地资源开发利用提供理论和决策依据,促进贵州省草地资源开发走向可持续发展的道路。     

中国南方草地的开发及生产潜力分析

根据中国南方草地资源的首次统一调查结果,阐述了中国南方14个省、区草地资源的数量、质量、自然特征及分布。分析了其利用现状及近10年来国家开发南方亚热带山地草地试验取得的显著经济效益、社会效益及生态效益。在此基础上,论述了开发南方草地资源的重要意义和必要性。     

草地资源开发与未来中国可持续发展战略

从草地资源优化管理开发奠定世界农业现代化和生态优化基础的规律，论述了优化开发中国草地资源发展草产业在未来中国可持续发展战略中的潜力、作用、途径和前景。     

草地资源开发与未来中国可持续发展战略

从草地资源优化管理开发奠定世界农业现代化和生态优化基础的规律，论述了优化开发中国草地资源发展草产业在未来中国可持续发展战略中的潜力、作用、途径和前景。     

草地资源管理的几项原则

中国草地资源丰富.近年来,由于管理不当造成草地退化、生态失调和巨大经济损失.本文就草地资源管理需遵循的原则进行了研究和阐述,提出草地生态系统持续生存、生态生产力、顶级群落与前顶级群落相结合、系统耦合、克服系统相悖、草地资源开发与景观匹配等指导草地资源管理的6项原则;指出实行草地农业系统是解决草地植物生产和动物生产矛盾的根本出路。     

三峡库区草地资源特点与开发利用

对三峡库区草地资源的数量，质量，利用特点和开发潜力等进行了分析，在此基础上论述了开发库区草地资源的重要意义和必要性。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.