微生态制剂在养猪业中的应用

1微生态制剂概述及分类微生态制剂又名活菌制剂或生菌剂,是指从动物或自然界分离、鉴定或通过生物工程组建的有益微生物,经培养、发酵、干燥、加工等特殊工艺制成的含有活菌并用于动物的生物制剂或活菌制剂。目前我国农业部允许使用的有益菌种有干酪乳杆菌、嗜乳酸杆菌、乳链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌、啤酒酵母菌、沼泽红假单胞菌等12种。     

双菌种固态发酵生产新型活菌制剂的研究

活菌制剂是一种新型饲料添加剂,它是用已知有益的微生物,经培养、发酵、干燥等特殊工艺制成的用于动物的生物制剂。其作用是通过生物夺氧、菌群调整、生物拮抗、提高免疫力和增强酶活性来达到防病治病和促生长作用。是抗生素的理想替代品。但单一活菌制剂的促生长作用一般尚未达到抗生素水平。活菌制剂在益生协同剂的作用下才能更好发挥益生多功能效应。酶制剂、氨基酸、寡聚糖等都是很好的益生协同剂。本文报导以产酶的酵母、芽孢杆菌或乳酸菌为配伍菌株,固态法生产具有较高酶活性的活菌制剂结果,预期达到酶制剂和活菌制剂的协同效果。1材…     

微生态制剂在家禽生产中的应用

微生态制剂是指有益微生物经培养、发酵和干燥等特殊工艺制成的活菌制剂(biogen),包括活的微生物及其代谢产物.我国农业部2008年规定允许使用的微生物有16种. 1 微生态制剂的种类 微生态制剂按菌种的组成可分为单一菌剂和复合菌剂,常用的单一菌剂主要有乳酸菌制剂、芽孢杆菌类制剂、酵母类制剂、光合细菌制剂等.复合菌剂由多种有益菌复合配制而成.     

微生态制剂在养鸡业中的作用

微生态制剂又称活菌剂、生菌剂,是以动物体内正常菌群为主体的有菌微生物经特殊工艺制成的活菌制剂。近年来,随着养鸡业的不断发展,人们常用抗生素来抑制或杀灭消化道内的有害微生物,以提高其生产性能。但是饲料中添加抗生素有副作用,如导致鸡体内菌群失调,产生抗药性以及药物残留对人类健康的影响等,日益引起世界的关注。微生态制剂是在微生态理论指导下,利用对宿主有益的、活的正常微生物或其促生长物质经特殊工艺制成的制剂,     

微生态制剂的作用机理及在养猪生产中应用现状

<正>1微生态制剂的概念微生态制剂(Microbiole cologicalagents)是一个较为综合的术语,又名促生素、利生素、活菌制剂、生菌剂、益生素等,是指从动物或自然界分     

几种绿色水产饲料添加剂及其应用

1活菌制剂 活菌制剂是动物有益菌经工业化厌氧发酵生产出的菌剂。活菌制剂对水产动物的作用机理有多方面,如活菌制剂中有益微生物进入水产动物机体后,形成优势菌群,与有害菌争夺氧附着位点和营养素,竞争性地抑制有害菌的生长,从而调节肠道内菌群趋于正常化;微生物代谢产生有机酸,降低肠道内pH值,杀灭耐酸的有害菌;产生溶菌酶、过氧化氢等物质,     

微生态制剂在养鸡中的应用

微生态又名益生菌、促生素、生菌素、活菌剂等,是由一种或多种有益微生物及代谢产物组成的,可供人类或动物直接使用和喂食的活菌制剂.近年来,已愈来愈受到人们的青睐.     

活菌制剂对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

抗生素作为添加剂在畜禽饲料中的应用已近５０年了，虽然使用效果明显，但长期使用抗生素可使病原菌突变为耐药菌株而产生抗药性，同时还存在药物残留和环境污染等问题。而活菌制剂能克服使用抗生素所产生的种种弊端，对恢复机体微生态平衡有着明显的调节促进作用，同时无抗药性，无残留，无污染，是一种天然的绿色饲料添加剂，具有广阔发展前景。因此，近年来活菌制剂的研究和应用越来越受到人们的重视。１材料与方法１．１活菌制剂：由芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌、保加利亚杆菌、双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌组成，粉剂，每克含活菌数１５Ｘ１０８个…     

微生态制剂在养鸡生产中的应用

一、微生态制剂概念及种类 1微生态制剂概念 微生态制剂也称益生素、活菌制剂、生菌剂、促生素，是由经严格筛选的双歧扦菌、乳酸菌、芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、光合细菌等有益微生物经特殊加工工艺发酵而成．富含乳酸、氡基酸、维生素和生理活性物质以及未知生长因子等活性成分。它能促进动物机体微生态的平衡．增强机体免疫功能．促进营养物质的消化吸收，提高饲料转化率．具有防病、治病，改善生产性能等作用。     

微生态制剂在家禽生产中的应用

在畜禽生产中,由于使用抗生素的严重副作用,抗生素替代品的研究目前已成为动物营养研究的一大热点。根据动物肠道微生态理论开发和研制的微生态制剂,因其具有投入小、收益大、无抗药性等优点,受到了营养学家的关注。本文对微生态制剂的概念及其在家禽业中的应用及展望作一简单介绍。1微生态制剂的概念微生态制剂又名活菌剂、生菌剂,美国Fuller(1989)将其定义为“一种可通过改善肠道菌群平衡而对动物施加有利影响的活的微生物饲料添加剂”。微生态制剂是由经严格筛选的双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、光合细菌等有益微生物经特殊加工…     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.