在乳猪教槽料中应用不同类型小肽对乳猪生产性能的影响

随着检测技术的不断提高和蛋白质代谢深入研究，人们对蛋白质营养的认识有了更进一步的提高。研究表明，肽在动物体内有着独立氨基酸的代谢途径和机制，肽可被动物胃肠道完整的吸收转运，被动物组织所利用(Hara等，1984)；动物对小肽的吸收不仅具有速度快、耗能低、不易饱和等特点，而且可以消除游离氨基酸的吸收竞争(Silk等1980)，当蛋白     

免疫应答对仔猪生产性能的重要作用

1日粮特殊蛋白质对仔猪生产性能的影响Jeff Carroll博士说,拥有充足免疫保护水平的动物能够表现出较高的繁殖力、较快的生长速度和较高的饲     

芽孢杆菌在畜牧业中应用的研究进展

<正>Tsunekan等(1972)最早研究芽胞杆菌对动物机体的作用。从20世纪80年代起,一些学者研究用芽胞杆菌作为微生态制剂。Hattori(1981)、Peo(1984)、Wheeler(1986)、Ahress(1987)和英国Rowett研究所的研究人员等都对芽胞杆菌在动物中的应用及其作用机理做了许多研究工作。在国内,康白于1984年首先以蜡样芽胞杆菌DM423研制成新型制剂“促菌生”,开创了国内用芽胞杆菌研制微生态制剂的先例,此后,产生了一系列的芽胞杆菌制剂产品,如何明清的“调痢生”、吴铁林的“整肠生”等等。     

猪瘟研究新进展

猪瘟(Hog cholera or Classical Swine fever，CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(Hog cholera virus or Classical Swine fever Virus，CSFV)引起猪的一种高度接触性传染病。其流行广泛，发病率高，死亡率高。1984年世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类传染病，我国也将此病列为一类动物疫病。     

云南耕牛伪狂犬病病毒的理化特性与电镜观察

1984年3月,我省邱北等县发生牛的急性传染病,经流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、动物实验、病毒分离、并回归本动物等试验和观察,确诊为伪狂犬病。我们用通过鸡胚细胞分离到的病毒(定名为DQ-8401株)进行了某些理化特性及电镜形态观察。现报导如下。     

小肽吸收机制及在动物生产中的应用

传统的经典蛋白质营养理论即氨基酸营养理论认为,动物采食的日粮蛋白质在消化道内经蛋白酶和肽酶作用降解为小肽和游离氨基酸,游离氨基酸可被动物直接利用,而小肽只有进一步降解为游离氨基酸才能被利用。但在后来的一些研究中发现,用纯合日粮或低蛋白质平衡氨基酸日粮饲喂动物,并不能达到最佳生产性能。Agao等(1953)首先观察到肠道能完整地吸收转运双甘肽。Neway等(1960)的研究为小肽能被完整吸收提供了证据。Hara等(1984)在小肠黏膜上发现了小肽载体。Garder(1984)研究也表明,大量小肽能直接被吸收,进入体循环。Webba(1989)研究表明,蛋白…     

动物嬉戏行为研究(综述)

动物的嬉戏行为是一个在一定程度上表现动物生物学特性、生理状况及机体内外环境平衡协调程度的综合性状。它包括动物的撒欢、奔走、跳跃、快速转圈、翻滚、攀爬等活动方式和一些夸张的挑逗行为以及部分非常规的举止如:踢、咬、挤撞、扭夺等,还包括对其它行为的模拟动作(W·Grie,1984)。一些研究成果表     

鸭肉毒梭菌毒素中毒的诊疗

肉毒梭菌中毒主要是摄入含肉毒梭菌毒素的病死动物饲料或腐烂生蛆的鸭尸，而引起中毒疾病。鸭发生较多。山东微水县济宁地区(1984年)、广东海康县(1987年)、北京(1988年)都有过报道。     

动物的免疫抑制

动物免疫抑制现象较为普遍,对动物的健康有着严重影响。引起动物免疫抑制的原因很多,包括感染因素和非感染因素。感染因素可以是细菌、病毒和蠕虫,非感染因素有化学药品、激素、抗菌素、毒素以及与免疫抑制有关的环境条件、应激和缺乏某些必需的营养物质等。此篇综述对动物免疫抑制进行了评价,并介绍了多种免疫抑制剂及其对免疫系统不同成分的影响和检测动物免疫抑制的一些方法。免疫抑制是指由于免疫系统的损害而导致暂时性或持久性的免疫机能障碍和对病原体敏感性增强的状态(Dohms和Sall、1984)。免疫抑制剂可以破坏免疫系统的某些成分,还可能改变动物的保护机能和免疫调节机能的平衡。     

天然沸石对肉鸡生理生化指标的影响

现阶段对于沸石作用于肉鸡的机理研究尚处于初级阶段,但国内外仍有不少研究报道。国内涂丽云等(1989)做了沸石对肉鸡的一些血液生化指标影响的研究;黄仁录等(1989)做了肉鸡血液、肌肉和肝脏的矿物及微量元素含量、蛋白质及能量代谢方面以及消化道、血液、粪中氨的测定研究;余佳胜(1994)做了沸石对肉鸡的代谢及血液生理生化指标方面影响的研究;Carew L、Band J、A·Dion(1984)做了日粮中添加沸石对家禽生长与代谢能影响方面的研究;Shurson G·C·等(1984)针对沸石对动物血浆中血糖、矿物质及血氨含量浓度以及沸石对动物消化道长度的影响进行了研究。至于沸石对肉鸡血清中胰岛素与睾酮含量浓度、对肉鸡一些组织与器官中微量元素及有毒元素含量的影响未见有详细的报道。本试验检测沸石对肉鸡这几方面的生理生化指标的影响并就其作用机理进行了探讨性的研究。     

植物抗菌药物——牛至油

由于药物残留和耐药性问题，在饲料中使用化学合成的抗菌素和发酵生产的抗生素，已不能适应全世界范围内对食品安全要求提高的需要。而在自然界中，成千上万种具有抗菌活性的物质存在于各种植物中。从植物中提取高效、安全的抗菌活性物质，是解决抗生素(抗菌素)替代物最直接、最有效的途径之一。     

我国油料、食油市场形势分析

1我国油料市场供应情况我国是世界油料生产大国之一,主要油料作物包括大豆、油菜籽、花生等。新世纪初,我国3大主要油料产量超过4000万t,2004年达到4647万t,创历史最高水平。2004年以来,由于国     

Growth and carcass composition of broilers fed sunflower oil and olive oil

Sunflower and olive oils were fed at the same dietary inclusion levels to male broilers as a means of varying the dietary linoleic acid concentration while maintaining similar concentrations of total fat and total unsaturated fatty acids. The type of oil and the dietary supplementation level influenced growth rate, food utilisation and carcass composition. Birds grew faster and utilised food more efficiently when fed the sunflower oil and had higher concentrations of body fat. Increasing the level of supplementation with either oil decreased body fat content. The different responses to the two oils were not related to differences in dietary amino acid balance, ME: protein ratios or rates of food passage through the digestive tract.     

Dietary fish oil and flaxseed oil suppress inflammation and immunity in cats

Type-I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that have non-specific antiviral activity, participating mostly in innate defense mechanisms. Their administration has been proposed to treat several viral and immunomediated diseases as an immunomodulatory therapy. Due to its availability, recombinant human interferon-alpha (rHuIFN-α) has been studied in relation to feline retrovirosis, both in vitro and in vivo. However, IFNs are species-specific and antibodies have been shown to develop in response to the high rHuIFN-α doses necessary for an effective therapy. A recombinant feline IFN has been developed, which has been characterized as interferon-omega (rFeIFN-ω), designed to overcome these problems. Nonetheless, very few studies have been undertaken to evaluate its efficacy in cats naturally infected with FIV or FeLV. In an initial study, we here demonstrated that rFeIFN-ω can dramatically improve the clinical condition of infected cats, and induce improvement of hematologic parameters. Minor changes or no change was observed for hypergammaglobulinemia, CD4/CD8 ratio, proviral load, viremia and RT activity, suggesting that the overall effect of IFN was on innate immunity. More studies are needed in order to better understand its in vivo mechanisms.     

Effect of emu oil on auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the acute anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied emu oil. ANIMALS: 96 male CD-1 mice assigned randomly to 4 groups, each comprising 24 mice. PROCEDURE: To induce auricular inflammation, 50 microl of a solution comprising 10 microl of croton oil dissolved in 1 ml of acetone was applied to the inner surface of the left auricle (pinna). One hour later, 3 or 5 microl of emu oil (low- and high-dose groups, respectively) or 5 microl of porcine oil (oil-control) was applied to the left pinna. Control mice remained untreated. Six mice per group were euthanatized 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after induction of inflammation. Specimens of auricular tissue (ear plugs) were obtained, using a 6-mm biopsy punch. Magnitude of swelling was calculated as the weight difference between left (inflamed) and right (noninflamed) ear plugs; degree of edema was determined as the difference between wet and dry weights of the left ear plug. RESULTS: Magnitude of swelling was significantly reduced at 6 and 12 hours in mice treated with emu or porcine oil, compared with controls. The greatest reduction in swelling was detected in the high-dose emu group at 6 hours. Compared with controls, degree of edema was significantly reduced at 6 hours only in the high-dose group, whereas by 12 hours, all groups treated with oils had significantly less edema than controls. At 24 hours, magnitude of swelling and degree of edema did not differ among groups. CONCLUSION: Topically applied emu oil significantly reduced severity of acute auricular inflammation induced by croton oil in mice.     

油乳剂疫苗中硬脂酸铝含量与油相水相比例关系研究

进行了鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、产蛋下降综合征三联油乳剂疫苗生产中降低油相比例的试验.当油乳剂疫苗的油相中硬脂酸铝含量分别为2%、1%、0.5%,对应的油相:水相分别为3:1、2:1和1:1时进行的乳化试验结果表明:随着油相中硬脂酸铝含量降低,油相和水相的比例相应降低,呈正比例关系.当油相中硬脂酸铝含量与油/水比分别为2%和3:1、1%和2:1、0.5%和1:1时,制备的油苗质量均达到了国家标准.     

A double-blind comparison of olive oil and a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy.

A randomised double-blind parallel study lasting eight weeks was used to assess the effects of olive oil in a group of atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well controlled by dietary supplementation with a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil. Nine of the 11 dogs which continued to receive this combination were considered unchanged at the conclusion of the study, whereas eight of the 10 dogs switched to olive oil had deteriorated. The mean plasma concentration of dihomogammalinolenic acid, a precursor of potentially antiinflammatory mediators, was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the olive oil-treated group at the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the mean plasma linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations in the two groups. These findings suggest that olive oil is not an effective therapeutic agent in the control of canine atopy.     

不同金柑品种果皮精油含量与油胞密度及果实形态的关系

为研究金柑果皮精油含量与油胞密度及果实形态的关系，对21个金柑种质资源的果实大小、果皮质量、油胞密度、精油含量、单果油胞数目和精油总量进行了观察测定。研究表明，油胞密度在不同金柑品种间达到近十倍的差异，在141~1035个/cm2之间，果皮精油含量在0.54%~2.3%之间，品种间油胞密度和精油含量都存在极显著差异。单果油胞数目和精油总量分别在2474~17320个和2.23~120.51mg之间，不同品种间相差很大。相关分析表明，油胞密度和精油含量与果实横径、表面积和果皮质量呈显著负相关，而单果油胞数目和精油总量与果实横径、纵径、表面积、果皮质量呈显著正相关，但精油含量和油胞密度间并无明显相关性。     

近期国际原油价格水平与我国油脂市场走势

<正>进入5月,全球商品市场唯美元指数"马首是瞻",包括相关的证券等资本市场,更因希腊主权债务危机的加剧而"风声鹤唳"。除黄金之外的几乎所有大宗期货品种,特别是国际原油价格和股票可谓是"一泻千里"。我国油脂市场如期回归基本面主导的箱体振荡运行轨迹。本文立足于当