规模化鸡场生物安全体系的建立

现阶段,养鸡行业受到了疫病的强烈冲击,小规模养殖户和小型企业已经或面临着被淘汰,生存下来的规模化养殖场必须重视疫病的防控,才能在行业中有立足之地。规模化鸡场只有充分利用生物安全体系、免疫接种、药物预防这三种措施,并将生物安全体系建设作为防控疫病的第一道防线,才能有效的预防控制疫病的发生。文章从基础生物安全、结构生物安全和运作生物安全三个方面阐述了规模化鸡场生物安全体系的建立方案,对生产有一定的指导意义。     

生物安全体系视角下动物疫病控制体系的构建

近年来,随着蛋鸡养殖规模及数量的不断增加,疫病也呈现出高发趋势,给养殖户带来了不小的损失.为此,构架完善的疫病生物安全控制体系显得尤为重要.生物安全体系视角下,为了保障鸡场良好发展,养殖户要充分重视起对生物安全防控体系的构建工作,这是保障鸡群健康生长,降低疫病发生几率的重要举措.     

鸡场新城疫的生物安全防控

新城疫是禽类的主要病毒性传染病之一,给养禽业造成了严重的经济损失.近年来,新城疫多以非典型性鸡新城疫症状出现,许多鸡场在应用多种防治措施之后,仍有该病的发生,致使新城疫在鸡群中难以根除.因此,预防新城疫的发生对养禽业至关重要.生物安全体系是预防临床或亚临床疾病发生的一种畜、禽生产安全体系,重点强调环境因素在保证动物健康中所起的决定性作用.此体系不仅可以减少病原微生物的数量,切断传播途径,而且对食品安全和家禽贸易有重要影响.同时,对鸡场预防新城疫具有非凡的意义.本文从不同方而对鸡新城疫生物安全防控作一简要介绍.     

浅谈规模化肉鸡饲养场如何建立生物安全体系

鸡场生物安全体系是一种系统化的管理,是防止致病微生物侵入鸡场并阻止其在鸡场、鸡舍及鸡群内外传播的一整套管理体系。它可以减少外界疾病因素进入养鸡场或在养鸡场内部鸡群之间的传播,使鸡群远离致病因素,生物安全体系其内容涵盖以下几个方面。     

规模化鸡场生物安全体系的构建

在家禽养殖过程中,生物安全体系的建立是规模化鸡场疫病综合防控的关键环节,也是鸡群发挥生产性能所必须采取的措施。本文主要结合空间环境安全、消毒体系、免疫体系和管理体系的构建及注意事项进行介绍,为规模化鸡场建立好生物安全体系提供参考。     

河北飞龙家禽育种有限公司副总经理邵尊森预防疾病就必须做好生物安全建设

河北飞龙公司是一个育种公司,目前祖代鸡存量规模大概在20万套,由于进口数量受影响,所以我们现在存栏量不太多.目前有6个祖代鸡场,每个鸡场设计规模都是3万套祖代种鸡. 在生物安全这个问题上,祖代鸡场实际上和普通场应该都是一样的.但是现在中国的养殖形势可能不同,因为好多养殖场都是农民致富模式,比较简单所以不太规范.飞龙作为育种公司从生物安全建设上来看还是非常重视的.     

规模化鸡场的消毒规程

近年来规模化鸡场集约化程度和饲养密度越来越大,给疫病的发生与流行创造了条件;同时在临床上也出现了一些＂新病＂和疑难病如：禽流感、新城疫、传染性喉气管炎、传染性支气管炎等。科学的消毒是切断疫病传播途径、杀灭或清除停留在鸡体表存活的病原体、消灭疫病源头的好办法,也是鸡场生物安全体系的重要内容,同时又是疫苗免疫和药物防治的重要补充。本文就规模化鸡场的消毒作一详细的阐述。     

规模化鸡场的消毒规程

近年来规模化鸡场集约化程度和饲养密度越来越大,给疫病的发生与流行创造了条件;同时在临床上也出现了一些"新病"和疑难病如:禽流感、新城疫、传染性喉气管炎、传染性支气管炎等。科学的消毒是切断疫病传播途径、杀灭或清除停留在鸡体表存活的病原体、消灭疫病源头的好办法,也是鸡场生物安全体系的重要内容,同时又是疫苗免疫和药物防治的重要补充。本文就规模化鸡场的消毒作一详细的阐述。     

规模化蛋鸡场三级生物安全体系的建立

大型集约化蛋鸡场只有建立适合本场的生物安全体系,才能保证蛋鸡生产获得好的生产成绩和经济效益,保证养殖场终产品具有良好的食品安全性、市场竞争力和社会认知度。生物安全包括三个部分：隔离、交通控制、卫生和消毒。围绕着这三大部分,可以把生物安全体系区分为三个不同的管理层次：基础生物安全、结构生物安全、运作生物安全,见图1。     

《中国家禽》2007年1～24期总目次

专家论坛集约化鸡场生物安全体系的建立1(1)肉鸡加工企业采纳HACCP体系的优与劣——北京大发正大有限公司的案例分析2(1)品牌鸡蛋的生产与市场现状及发展趋势3(1)美国禽病防疫特点与我国养禽实际比较4(1)中国鸡传染性贫血病的流行和疫苗控制5(6)世界主要禽病流行现状6(1)家禽遗     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.