牛奶中活性蛋白和活性脂肪酸生物活性研究进展

当前牛奶已成为人们膳食结构中重要的组成部分，其不仅能提供丰富的营养，还具有一定的保健功能。牛奶营养功能的挖掘与评价是当前食品营养领域的研究热点，而牛奶营养功能的发挥主要依赖其含有的活性因子，包括活性蛋白/多肽、活性脂肪酸等。作者查阅和归纳了近年来关于牛奶中活性因子功能评价的文献，从中筛选出几种重要的活性蛋白，主要包括乳铁蛋白、α-乳白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白，对这3种活性蛋白的抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤及免疫调节功能等相关活性和作用机制进行系统的阐述。同时也总结了牛奶中几种重要的活性脂肪酸，主要包括油酸、亚麻酸和二十二碳六烯酸，并对其抗炎、降血压、预防心脑血管病等相关活性和机制进行阐述。对于牛奶中活性蛋白和活性脂肪酸的具体阐述，均以相关的试验调研为切入点，其机制为活性因子直接或间接作用于靶细胞并发挥相关的作用。

Research Progress on Bioactivity of Active Protein and Fatty Acid in Milk

At present,milk has become an important part of people's dietary structure.It can not only provide rich nutrition,but also has certain health functions.The function mining and evaluation of milk nutrition is a research hotspot in the field of food nutrition.The function of milk nutrition mainly depends on the active factors,including active protein/polypeptide,active fatty acid,etc.The author reviewed and summarized the literature on the functional evaluation of active factors in milk in recent years,and extracted and summarized several important active proteins from them,mainly including lactoferrin,α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin.The anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,anti-tumor and immunomodulatory functions of these three active proteins were systematically explained.At the same time,we also studied several important active fatty acids in milk,including oleic acid,linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid,and elaborated their anti-inflammatory,antihypertensive,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease related activities and mechanisms.For the specific elaboration of active protein and active fatty acid in milk,the relevant experimental investigation was taken as the breakthrough point,and the mechanism was that the active factors directly or indirectly acted on the target cells and played related functions.