五种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性效应

在水温27.5℃、盐度29条件下,研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的影响。结果表明:重金属在胚胎发育过程中引起各种畸形,如胚胎尾巴弯曲、初孵仔鱼不能出膜、胚胎死亡等;胚胎和初孵仔鱼上出现黑色颗粒,初孵仔鱼脊柱弯曲成L、V、S形或尾部没有展开呈逗号状,褶皱边缘被破坏等畸形。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属均延迟胚胎发育速率。综合孵化率、胚胎畸形和仔鱼畸形率等指标得出5种重金属对胚胎的毒性大小依次为Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+>Cr6+。计算了5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼的LC50和安全浓度,得出5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼毒性大小顺序为:Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cr6+。

Toxic effects of five heavy metals on the embryos and larvae of Miichthys miiuy Basilewsky during early developing stages

The present paper dealed with the investigation of five heavy metals Cu2+,Cd2+,Zn2+,Cr6+ and Pb2+ effected on the embryos and larvae of Miichthys miiuy Basilewsky in early developing stages under the water temperature of 27.5 ℃ and salinity of 29.The results showed that the malformation of embryos and larvae were appeared during the experiment,such as tail inflected,embryo died,the larvae could not hatched completely,some black granular pigments were appeared on the embryo and the newly hatched larvae,the vertebrate of newly hatched larvae abnormally appeared "L","S" and "V" shape.Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+ and Pb2+ heavy metals could delayed the development of embryos of the fish. The gradation of toxicity about embryos was Cu2+> Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Cr6+.The 50% lethal concentration and safety concentration of these metals of 24h,48h, 72h and 96h for the newly hatched larvae were determined so as to help to establish the water qualily criterion for acquaculture and to protect marine environment.We came to the conclusion that the gradation of toxicity about larvae was Cu2+> Cd2+> Pb2+ > Zn2+> Cr6+.