灌水模式对冬小麦花后光合、产量及水分利用的影响

为筛选出商丘地区冬小麦高产和水分高效利用的适宜灌水模式,2011-2013年在大田条件下,以周麦18为试验材料,以全生育期不灌水作为对照(W0),研究了拔节期灌水120mm(W1)、孕穗期灌水120mm(W2)、拔节期和孕穗期各灌水60mm(W3)、拔节期和灌浆期各灌水60mm(W4)以及拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期各灌水40mm(W5)五种灌溉模式对冬小麦花后旗叶光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,小麦灌浆前期(开花后15d)旗叶净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,分别在11:00和15:00达到峰值。灌水促进了花后旗叶光合作用,净光合速率平均增加145.9%。与W0处理相比,灌水处理在2011-2012和2012-2013年总耗水量分别增加13.8%和18.6%,土壤贮水消耗量和降水量占总耗水中的比例分别下降了60.6%、12.4%和46.2%、15.6%。灌水增加了籽粒产量和水分利用效率,其中在平水年型(2011-2012年)下,W3处理的产量和水分利用率最高,较W0处理分别增加27.5%和8.8%;在丰水年型(2012-2013年)下,以W1处理的产量和水分利用效率最高,较W0处理分别增加65.6%和36.4%。

Effects of Irrigation Modes on the Photosynthesis after Anthesis, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

To provide instructions for irrigation of winter wheat production in Shangqiu, field experiments were conducted with a wheat cultivar Zhoumai 18 in 2011-2013. To evaluate the effects of different irrigation modes on photosynthesis after anthesis, grain yield and water use of winter wheat, the six irrigation regimes applied during the whole winter wheat growing season were irrigation of 120 mm at jointing stage(W1), irrigation of 120 mm at booting stage(W2), irrigation of 60 mm each at both jointing and booting stages (W3), irrigation of 60 mm each at both jointing and grain-filing stages (W4), irrigation of 40 mm each at three stages of jointing, booting, and grain-filling (W5), and without irrigation as the control (W0). The results indicated that the diurnal variation curve of photosynthetic rate at early grain-filling stage (15 days after anthesis) had double peaks at 11:00 and 15:00, respectively; irrigation increased photosynthetic rate of flag leaf by 145.9% compared with the W0; Irrigation increased total water consumption than no irrigation (W0) by 13.8% during 2011-2012 growing season and 18.6% during 2012-2013 growing season, respectively, but reduced the percentage of soil water consumption amount and precipitation to total water consumption than the W0 by 60.6%, 12.4% (2011-2012), and 46.2%, 15.6% (2012-2013), respectively; Irrigation also increased grain yield and water use efficiency, W3 had the highest grain yield and water use efficiency in normal year (2011-2012), reached at 9 615 kg·hm^-2 and 22.2 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, increased by 27.5% and 8.8% than the W0, respectively. W1 had the highest yield and water use efficiency in rain-rich year (2012-2013), reached at 8 474 kg·hm^-2 and 16.1 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1, increased by 65.6% and 36.4% than W0, respectively.