石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展

土壤污染是石油化工企业在生产过程中对环境的重要影响。生物修复技术是一种高效、安全、低成本的污染处理技术。在参阅相关文献的基础上,对近年来国内外有关石油污染土壤生物修复方面的研究成果进行总结和分析。提出微生物修复技术目前存在的主要问题是实验室环境下筛选微生物菌株在实际污染土壤环境中不能完全发挥其有效活性;植物修复技术关键是筛选具有增生扩散能力和强力吸收污染物能力的高效修复植物;微生物—植物联合修复应该从生态系统物质循环理念出发,在遵循植物微生物共存的自然规律基础上用生态学理念解决石油土壤污染问题。建议从以下方面开展相关研究,首先搞清楚遭受石油类物质污染的土壤中最主要的污染物及其迁移规律;其次借鉴根际微环境研究的成果,引入自然生态学理念,筛选有效植物和微生物,解决修复的高效性问题;警惕生物修复过程中可能给环境造成的二次污染以及目前还无法预测的其他生态灾难。

Rapid Identification of Cotton Seedlings Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Greenhouse by a New Innoculation Method with Non-woven Breeding Bags

Soil contamination caused by production process of petrochemical enterprises is one of the important environment problems.Bioremediation is an effective,low cost and safe technology for pollution treatment.The latest advances on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil were summarized and analyzed based on related Chinese and foreign literatures.The main existing problems for bimicrobial remediation is that screening of microbial activity in laboratory could not play effective role in actual contaminated soil.The key of phytoremediation technology is to screen high-efficiency remediation plants that have the ability to proliferate and spread and strongly absorb pollutants.For microbial-phytoremediation, according to the concept of ecosystem material recycling, following natural law of coexistence of plant and microbes could solve the problem of petroleum soil pollution based on ecological theory.It is suggested to carry out relevant research from the following aspects.First of all, we find out the most important pollutants in the soil caused by petroleum substances and its migration patterns.Secondly, screen effective plants and microorganisms to solve the problem of high efficiency in bioremediation, it is necessary to learn from the results of the research on the micro-environment of the rhizosphere and introduce the concept of natural ecology.Secondary pollution to the environment and other ecological disasters should be avoided during bioremediation.