蜂蜜模拟麦蚜蜜露危害对小麦产量 和主要营养品质的影响

在孕穗、抽穗扬花、灌浆3个小麦生育期,分别用蜂蜜模拟麦蚜蜜露危害小麦,最后分小区收获、脱粒、室内考种并测定小麦产量和主要营养品质指标。结果表明,随着蜜露危害程度的加重,小麦千粒重、面粉淀粉含量、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量在小麦3个生育阶段均呈下降趋势。3个生育期分别被害后,小麦籽粒千粒重、蛋白质含量受影响程度最明显,湿面筋含量次之,淀粉含量变化不大。蜜露危害对小麦产量与主要营养品质的影响．在小麦3个生育期之间存在一定差异．     

棉蚜的排蜜规律及蜜露中氨基酸成份的研究

在棉蚜一生中,幼龄若蚜排蜜频率快,但蜜滴直径和蜜滴重量小;随着龄期增大,棉蚜体重增加,排蜜量也不断增多,每头夏型棉蚜一生排蜜量为2086.8μg。在田间,棉蚜排蜜量与昼夜节律有关,白天排蜜量为一昼夜的三分之二。棉蚜蜜露中氨基酸含量为0.536％。其中天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高,分别占所测定17种氨基酸的37.5％和20.2％;棉蚜蜜露中氨基酸的种类及含量与棉叶中氨基酸的种类及含量有密切关系。     

蚜虫的取食排蜜与繁殖行为概述

蚜虫行为包括取食行为、繁殖行为、防御行为、社群行为等,本文概述了蚜虫取食行为、排蜜行为、繁殖行为。指出通过对蚜虫取食、排蜜、繁殖行为的研究可以更好地了解其行为发生机制和方式等,为蚜虫的综合治理提供理论基础。     

小贯小绿叶蝉在5个茶树品种（系）上的蜜露排泄量与茶树叶片结构比较

为明确茶树叶片组织结构与小贯小绿叶蝉抗性之间的相关性,在确定小贯小绿叶蝉不同龄期和虫态蜜露排泄量的基础上,比较研究了小贯小绿叶蝉雌成虫在不同茶树品种（系）上取食24 h后蜜露排泄量的差异,进而通过比较不同茶树品种（系）叶片的组织结构和色泽,分析了5个茶树品种（系）叶片的组织结构与茶树对小贯小绿叶蝉抗性能力强弱的关系。研究结果表明,小贯小绿叶蝉4龄若虫的蜜露排泄量显著高于1~3龄;雌、雄成虫的蜜露排泄量之间不具显著差异;取食中选10号的雌成虫蜜露排泄量显著低于取食其他品种;不同品种（系）茶树的叶面积、叶片总厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度以及色差等指标与雌成虫的蜜露排泄量之间无显著相关性,而叶片茸毛密度与雌成虫蜜露排泄量呈显著负相关,叶片茸毛长度与蜜露排泄量呈显著正相关。     

Attraction and antennal response of the common wasp,Vespula vulgaris (L.), to selected synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests

BACKGROUND: The common wasp, Vespula vulgaris (L.), and the German wasp, Vespula germanica (F.), are significant problems in New Zealand beech forests (Nothofagus spp.), adversely affecting native birds and invertebrate biodiversity. This work was undertaken to develop synthetic attractants for these species to enable more efficient monitoring and management. RESULTS: Seven known wasp attractants (acetic acid, butyl butyrate, isobutanol, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and 2,4‐hexadienyl butyrate) were field tested, and only heptyl butyrate and octyl butyrate attracted significantly higher numbers of wasps than a non‐baited trap. Accordingly, a series of straight‐chain esters from methyl to decyl butyrate were prepared and field tested for attraction of social wasps. Peak biological activity occurred with hexyl butyrate, heptyl butyrate, octyl butyrate and nonyl butyrate. Polyethylene bags emitting approximately 18.4–22.6 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate were more attractive than polyethylene bags emitting approximately 14.7–16.8 mg day^?1 of heptyl butyrate in the field. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies indicated that queens and workers of V. vulgaris had olfactory receptor neurons responding to various aliphatic butyrates. CONCLUSION: These results are the first to be reported on the EAG response and the attraction of social wasps to synthetic chemicals in New Zealand beech forests and will enable monitoring of social wasp activity in beech forests. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

蜂蜜模拟麦蚜蜜露危害对小麦产量 和主要营养品质的影响

在孕穗、抽穗扬花、灌浆3个小麦生育期,分别用蜂蜜模拟麦蚜蜜露危害小麦,最后分小区收获、脱粒、室内考种并测定小麦产量和主要营养品质指标。结果表明,随着蜜露危害程度的加重,小麦千粒重、面粉淀粉含量、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量在小麦3个生育阶段均呈下降趋势。3个生育期分别被害后,小麦籽粒千粒重、蛋白质含量受影响程度最明显,湿面筋含量次之,淀粉含量变化不大。蜜露危害对小麦产量与主要营养品质的影响,在小麦3个生育期之间存在一定差异。     

云南传统水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗性筛选

[目的]初步筛选云南传统水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗、感性差异,为进一步研究白背飞虱的抗虫水稻种质资源奠定基础.[方法]在实验室条件下分析比较了13个来自云南元阳的地方水稻品种抗白背飞虱等级,不同品种对白背飞虱若虫生长发育的影响以及白背飞虱在各个品种上的取食量和产卵差异.[结果]在13个传统品种中,‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和‘车甲谷’无论在苗期还是分蘖期对白背飞虱的抗性等级均较一致.上述品种中,白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和感虫对照‘TN1'上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＞45 mm2,单雌产卵量超过90粒,孵化率高于80％;而在‘车甲谷’和抗虫对照‘RHT’上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＜20 mm2,单雌产卵量均低于60粒,孵化率不足57％.白背飞虱若虫的发育历期在各供试品种之间的差异不明显.[结论]白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷,和‘绿脚谷’上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较高,可以初步确定为感虫品种;而在‘车甲谷,上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较低,初步确定属于抗虫品种.     

Evaluation of sorghum germplasm used in US breeding programmes for sources of sugary disease resistance*

Ergot or sugary disease of sorghum has become an important constraint in North and South American countries that rely on F₁ hybrid seeds for high productivity. The objective of this research was to determine the vulnerability of various germplasm sources and publicly bred sorghum lines to sugary disease ( Claviceps africana ) in the United States. Flower characteristics associated with sugary disease resistance were also studied. A-/B-line pairs, R-lines, putative sources of resistance and their hybrid combinations with an A₃ cytoplasmic male-sterile source were evaluated using a disease incidence, severity, and dual-ranking system. Trials were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and repeated in at least two planting dates. Planting dates and pedigrees had significant effects on overall ranking for resistance. A-lines were most susceptible to sugary disease. R-lines were more susceptible than B-lines with respect to incidence and severity of the disease. Newer releases of A- and B-lines were more susceptible to sugary disease than older releases. Sugary disease reaction of A-lines was a good indicator of disease reaction of B-lines. Tx2737, a popular R-line, was highly susceptible to sugary disease in spite of being a good pollen shedder because the stigma emerged from glumes 2–3 days before anthesis. The combination of flower characteristics associated with resistance were least exposure time of stigma to inoculum before pollination, rapid stigma drying after pollination, and small stigma. An Ethiopian male-fertile germplasm accession, IS 8525, had good levels of resistance. Its A₃ male-sterile hybrid had the highest level of resistance in the male-sterile background. IS 8525 should be exploited in host-plant resistance strategies.     

水稻同核异质不育系材料对白背飞虱抗性的研究初报

采用蜜露量测定法,初步研究了具有不同胞质的水稻同核异质不育系对白背飞虱的抗性反应。试验结果表明,具有D型不育胞质的不育系国广5A明显抗白背飞虱。     

华莱士果粒酸奶的研制

将新鲜华莱士去皮切块后用2%NaCI溶液进行短时间护色后切粒,将果粒浸泡于0.3%CaCl2溶液中做保脆处理后用快速煮制法糖渍,将处理好的果粒与制备好的发酵酸奶混合.采用4因素3水平正交试验设定工艺参数.结果表明,华莱士果粒酸奶的最佳配方为鲜牛奶77.42%、华莱士果粒12.00%、稳定剂0.50%、白砂糖10.00%、香精0.06%、山梨酸钾0.02%.对该产品的市场前景作了简单分析.