平欧杂交榛抗抽条能力及抽条临界含水量研究

以平欧杂交榛的18个优良品种(系)为试材,研究各品种(系)在北京地区的抗抽条能力以及抽条与枝条含水量的关系。对田间自然鉴定法所得结果进行聚类分析,将18个品种(系)分为4类:抗抽条能力最强的一类为84-254、B-3、B-21、83-33、84-72和81-9;抗抽条能力较强的一类为84-48、81-23、85-127、84-237和84-1;抗抽条能力较弱的一类为82-11、84-545和84-226;抗抽条能力最弱的为84-572、84-402、84-69和84-349。室内模拟枝条失水程度与萌芽率关系的试验表明:不同品种(系)的抽条临界含水量不同,但多数品种(系)抽条的临界含水量在35%~30%间。田间材料的调查测定表明:北京地区平欧杂交榛枝条的失水集中在2月上旬到下旬,枝条含水量在2月下旬降到最低。试验结果表明:抽条与枝条含水量紧密相关,但抗抽条能力的强弱不完全取决于临界含水量的高低。     

Inheritance of contorted growth in hazelnut

Summary The contorted hazelnut, Corylus avellana L. f. contorta (Bean) Rehder, is an ornamental tree prized for its twisted trunk and branches. Crosses of normal growth habit cultivars and Contorta, as it is commonly called, produced all normal growth habit seedlings. Sib matings of these normal seedlings of Contorta produced offspring in the ratio of 3 normal: 1 contorted, while backcrosses to Contorta segregated 1 normal: 1 contorted. These segregation ratios indicate control of contorted growth by a single recessive gene for which we propose the name twisted and the symbol tw. Progenies segregating simultaneously for growth habit and leaf anthocyanin indicated that the two loci are independent.     

Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer improve pastures naturally growing under hazelnut trees

Abstract

This three-year study (2003–2005) aimed to improve the yield and quality of pastures growing naturally that are colonized by naturally occurring vegetation without agricultural input under hazelnut (Corylus sp.) orchards in the middle and eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. There were eight treatments: 1) control; 2) fertilizer only (triple superphosphate 44% and calcium ammonium nitrate 26%) (80kg ha^?1 P and 60 kg ha^?1 N in Samsun; 100 kg ha^?1 P and 80 kg ha^?1 N in Ordu; 100 kg ha^?1 P and 40 kg ha^?1 N in Giresun); 3) lime only (calcium carbonate 94%) (3.0 t ha^?1 lime in Samsun; 4.5 t ha^?1 lime in Ordu and Giresun); 4) early cut only; 5) soil aeration only; 6) fertilizer+lime; 7) fertilizer+lime+early cut; 8) fertilizer+lime+soil aeration, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at each location. The highest dry matter (DM) yield of kg ha^?1 and crude protein content (%) was obtained from the treatments that included fertilizer. There was no difference in DM production between any of the combination treatments that involved fertilizer and the fertilizer alone treatment. Only lime and aeration applications also increased yield compared to control, but not as much as did any treatment including fertilizer. Crude protein content of the pasture ranged from 13.3 to 18.1% across locations. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer are recommended to improve DM yields and herbage quality for pastures under hazelnut orchards.     

Fabrication of olive leaf extract and hazelnut skin incorporated films to improve the quality of nuggets during refrigerated and deep freeze storage

ABSTRACT

1. Olive leaf extract (OLE) and hazelnut skin (HS), which are known to have good antioxidant activity, were added into chicken nuggets in different ways. In the first method, the nuggets were coated with sodium alginate-calcium chloride-based coatings containing OLE and HS. In the second method, OLE and HS were directly added into the nugget patties. Nuggets that did not contain any additive (C1) and the samples prepared with the coating solution that did not include any additives (C2) were assigned as controls.

2. Nuggets were stored at two different temperatures, either in a refrigerator (4°C) or in a deep freezer (?18°C) for 21 days and 90 days respectively. Moisture content (%), pH, antioxidant status (TBARS), colour and microbial count (total mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria) analyses were carried out during storage.

3. At the end of refrigerator storage (day 21), TBARS values for samples in which OLE and HS were directly added were found to be lower than those with OLE and HS coatings (P < 0.05). Total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were found to be the lowest in the treatment in which HS was directly incorporated into nugget patty (P < 0.05).

4. For frozen samples, application of a coating containing OLE and HS and direct addition of HS into patties were found to be effective in reducing lipid oxidation. No microbial growth was determined in most of the samples stored in the deep freezer.     

平欧杂种榛低产园嫁接改造技术

为探讨平欧杂种榛低产园改造技术,采用劈接的方法进行品种改良试验,结果表明,嫁接高度为40～50 cm时,各品种(系)嫁接成活率最高;1-21(品系)、辽榛3号在嫁接后的生长量、抗寒性、果实产量等综合性状超过其他品种(系),可以作为低产榛园嫁接改优的最佳品种(系);嫁接后结果第2年应该加强树体的水肥管理,提高树势。     

平欧杂种榛果仁发育中维生素C含量特征

以3个7a生平欧杂种榛为试材,研究榛果发育中果仁维生素C含量变化及成因。结果表明:果仁发育前期和中期,果仁中维生素C含量增加;果仁发育后期,果仁中维生素C含量下降。维生素C可促进可溶性总糖的积累,维生素C和粗脂肪以及粗蛋白质之间存在正相关关系。     

平榛脱水素基因的克隆与表达分析

 以平榛（Corylus heterophylla Fisch.）花芽为试材,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆了一个平榛与脱水素基因同源的cDNA基因,命名为ChDHN（GenBank登录号HM228389）,其全长639 bp,具有一个504 bp的潜在编码区,编码167个氨基酸组成的多肽,具有LEA类家族成员具有的特征多肽序列,属于Y₄SK₂类型DHN基因,预测ChDHN蛋白质分子量18.03 kD,预测其理论等电点为7.28。对ChDHN的时空表达特性进行了研究,以Actin为内参,对ChDHN在4 ℃冷激条件下（0、2、4、8、24和48 h）的表达模式进行了初步的研究,冷激处理后ChDHN表现逐渐上调的表达趋势,24 h达到最大表达量,48 h表达量降低;推测ChDHN属于植物冷适应调节网络中的应答基因;定量RT-PCR分析ChDHN在不同器官中的表达,在种子中高丰度表达,其次是雄花序和花芽,在树皮中表达最低。用PCR、酶切和测序鉴定等方法检测已成功构建重组表达载体pET-32a(+)-DHN,将鉴定完全正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经SDS-PAGE分析并经过Western blotting鉴定,表明重组蛋白被IPTG诱导后高效表达出一条比预测分子量18.03 kD大4 kD的融合蛋白。     

电导率法测定榛子枝条抗寒性

试验测定了10个榛子品种(系)1年生枝条在不同温度处理下电解质渗出率的变化情况。结果表明,随着低温胁迫的加强,枝条组织的电解质渗出率明显上升,其中,85-51,81-14,84-1与84-48,84-545,82-11和达维间存在极显著差异。由此推测,10个榛子品种(系)的抗寒性强弱顺序为:达维>82-11>84-545>84-48>84-402>82-8>84-508>84-1>81-14>85-51,与田间调查基本吻合。     

叶面Fe肥对平欧杂种榛树营养元素含量的影响

为初步确定榛园榛树叶片黄化是否由缺Fe或缺Cu引起,对9个不同品种(系)、叶片黄化程度一致的平欧杂种榛树进行了叶面增施Fe肥处理,测定了处理前后榛树叶片内叶绿素和N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量,并对两次测定结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,增施Fe肥能有效地使榛树黄化叶片转绿;单独增施Fe肥效果优于合施Fe、Cu肥;增施Fe肥在一定程度上降低了黄化榛树叶片内K、Zn的含量。