体细胞克隆荷斯坦奶牛出生后死亡犊牛内脏器官的组织病理学观察

为探究体细胞克隆荷斯坦奶牛出生后死亡的原因,对新生后死亡的克隆荷斯坦公牛和自然繁殖的荷斯坦公犊的主要组织器官进行比较。通过解剖和石蜡切片-HE(hematoxylin-eosin staining)染色技术,对主要的组织器官结构进行观察和分析。结果表明,新生后死亡的克隆荷斯坦公牛肺部结构清晰;肝脏的肝细胞明显肿大,出现脂肪轻度变性;肾小管上皮细胞出现变性;心肌的肌纤维间空隙增大;骨骼肌纤维间隙明显,空泡变性,这可能导致该克隆牛犊肌肉无力并功能不全;淋巴结皮髓质界限不分明,淋巴小结细胞较稀疏,生发中心不明显,淋巴窦细胞较少;脾脏内红细胞较少,这说明该克隆牛的造血功能可能不完善;胸腺的皮质部分和髓质部分界限不明显,嗜酸性胸腺小体不易辨认,可能发育不全。该克隆公牛免疫器官出现不同程度的发育不全现象较严重,这有可能是其出生后死亡率高的主要原因。     

T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon in a Thoroughbred filly with colic

A 4-month-old Thoroughbred filly presented for abdominal pain was diagnosed with a T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon at exploratory laparotomy. Following resection and anastomosis of the large colon, no further episodes of abdominal pain occurred during a 12-month follow-up. Acute dehiscence of the linea alba occurred as a complication of the initial laparotomy, but was successfully managed following additional surgical repair. T-shaped malformation of the ventral colon has not previously been reported and is considered a congenital malformation of mesocolon formation.     

三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠骨髓细胞微核及精子畸形和蓄积毒性的影响研究

通过三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠的骨髓细胞微核及精子畸形和蓄积毒性影响的研究,进一步阐明三氟氯氰菊酯的毒理作用。选取健康成年小鼠50只,随机分为给药高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照组和空白对照组,每组各10只。给药组分别以三氟氯氰菊酯水溶液9.18、4.59、2.29 mg/kg体重灌胃,空白对照组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续4 d;阳性对照组以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg体重腹腔注射1次;评价三氟氯氰菊酯对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的影响;另取健康成年雄性小鼠50只,随机分为给药高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照和空白对照组,每组10只;给药组分别以三氟氯氰菊酯水溶液9.18、4.59、2.29 mg/kg体重灌胃;阳性对照组以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg灌胃,空白对照组给予等量的0.9%生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续5 d,计算精子畸形率。选择健康小鼠40只,随机分20只为蓄积毒性试验组,20只为空白对照组。试验组采用剂量递增连续染毒法来评价三氟氯氰菊酯的蓄积毒性,计算累积系数,按累积系数的评价标准评价蓄积毒性。结果表明,三氟氯氰菊酯为明显蓄积物质,对小鼠生长造成严重损害;三氟氯氰菊酯高剂量组精子畸形率与空白对照组相比差异极显著;三氟氯氰菊酯高剂量组微核率与空白对照组相比差异极显著。因此,三氟氯氰菊酯为明显蓄积物质,且具有极强的致畸、致突变作用。     

STUDY ON RELATIONS BETWEEN HEAVY-DISASTER-PERIOD OF FOREST FIRE ACTIVITY AND SUNSPOT ACTIVITY, SSTA

TheprojectwassupportedbyChinaNaturalScienceFund.INTRoDUCTIoNOursocietyhascomeintoaperiodofhighdevelopedscienceandtechnology,nevertheless,it'sapitythatmankindhasn'tfreedhimselffrompassiveandblindcondi-tionthatforestfirewaspreventedandcon-trolledonlargescale.Particufarly,sofarthebasiclawsofinter-annualchangesofforestfirehasnotbeenknown.Itremainsperplexingwhyheavy-disaster-periodofforestfire(HDPFF)inacertainregionreappearseveryafewyearsandlastsforl-2yearswithgreatlossofforestresource.A1th…     

36h睡眠剥夺对雄性小鼠性行为及精子质量的影响

[目的]研究睡眠剥夺对雄性小鼠性行为及精子活性的影响。[方法]用轻柔刺激法睡眠剥夺昆明雄性小鼠36 h,观察其性行为,通过镜检计算精子活率和精子畸变率。[结果]36 h睡眠剥夺后,捕捉潜伏期极显著升高(P0.01),捕捉次数极显著降低(P0.01)。36 h睡眠剥夺后精子活率显著降低(P0.05),精子畸变率极显著升高(P0.01)。[结论]36 h睡眠剥夺可对雄性小鼠性行为及精子质量产生明显不良影响。     

CdSe/ZnS量子点对雄性尼罗罗非鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响

[目的]探究CdSe/ZnS量子点对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的遗传毒性。[方法]分别设空白对照组、NaCl对照组和Cd2+对照组以及浓度分别为20、200、2 000和4 000 nmol/L 4个量子点处理组,以腹腔注射方式对雄性尼罗罗非鱼体进行暴露,暴露后1、4、7、14及28 d进行静脉取血制作血涂片,通过微核率、核异常率及总核异常率检测其遗传毒性。[结果]各NaCl对照组与空白对照组均无显著差异。暴露1 d后各量子点处理组产生的微核率达到峰值后总体呈下降趋势。Cd2+对照组的微核率在整个试验期间均与NaCl对照组有显著差异,其微核率14 d达到峰值。核质外凸和核质内凹是核异常的主要类型,核固缩及不均等缢裂细胞类型在前期易被诱导。[结论]量子点外壳及表面修饰基团的综合作用对鱼体有诱导微核率及核异常率增加的效应,但随着时间的推移,罗非鱼能逐步解除该负面效应,由此推测鱼体最终能解除由QDs诱导的遗传毒性。     

中小型制造企业生产异常管理系统应用与研究——以AIP公司为应用案例

基于AIP公司的生产实践,对中小型制造企业生产异常情况的成因、分类及影响进行了归纳、分析和探究。针对由中小型制造企业生产中的诸多因素所导致的生产异常情况不能及时反馈和处理这一难题,以及生产效率和交货期等难以管控的现状,设计了一套对生产过程异常情况进行控制的可行性方案,构建了一种用于车间生产异常事件信息实时采集、快速分析、趋势预判和综合查询信息管理系统。该异常管理系统已被AIP公司成功应用,实践证明它可以全面提高中小型制造企业对生产异常情况处理的及时性、有效性,使生产异常问题的处理实现了规范化、标准化和信息化。这不仅为AIP公司创造了良好的经济效益,而且也为其他中小型制造企业解决此类问题提供了有益参考。     

Osteological development and deformities in hatchery‐reared longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus): Vertebral column,dorsal‐fin supports and caudal‐fin skeleton

Skeletal deformities are one of the serious problems in hatchery‐reared longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus). In this study, seed production of longtooth grouper was carried out in four large hatchery‐grade tanks. Osteological development of the vertebral column, caudal‐fin skeleton and dorsal‐fin supports in larvae and juveniles was described. The vertebral ontogeny started at 4.8 mm total length (TL) with the formation of neural spines 2 and 3, and the vertebral centra began forming at 5.3 mm TL. By 16 mm TL, all vertebral bony elements were formed except for the dorsal ribs. The onsets of the ontogeny of the caudal‐fin skeleton and dorsal‐fin supports occurred at approximately 5.1 mm and 3.9 mm TL, respectively, and the completion of these bony elements occurred at approximately 20 mm TL. The incidence of deformity was examined; some type of deformity was observed in 57%–68% of the specimens. These deformities mainly occurred as three types: lordosis, around vertebrae 1–5; saddleback‐like syndrome, around vertebrae 7–11; and vertebrae fusion, around vertebrae 22–24. The incidence of prehaemal lordosis was significantly higher among individuals with an uninflated swim bladder than among those with an inflated swim bladder.